风格意义类试题(共30分)

将下面段落译成适应原文风格的汉语表达，要求不仅译文忠实于原文，流畅无误，而且在篇章词语风格上，能与原文相适应。

Under some systems of law, trade terms have, at least traditionally, been used only to determine the division of costs between the parties. However, in present international custom the main purpose of trade terms is to determine at what points the seller could be said to have been delivered to the buyer.

Uncertainty about these obligations could be very harmful for the contracting parties. Lack of precision would almost inevitably lead to disputes, including litigation, and to a considerable increase in "overhead" expenditures in everyday operations.

Moreover, the parties in different countries would be very unwilling to subject themselves to the laws and practices of the other. They would probably feel secure using the laws of their own country but would find it difficult to assess the consequences of rules of interpretations used in a foreign country.

In order to be truly useful, trade terms should have universal application and should make explicit the obligations of both parties. This is the aim of Incoterms.

参考答案：

在某些法律制度下，贸易条款只是用来确定如何划分双方的费用，至少从传统上来讲一直如此。不过，在当前的国际惯例中，贸易条款的主要目的是确定卖方在哪些方面已经履行了他的义务，因而从法律意义上来说，货物已经交付了买方。

这些义务若不明确，会对契约双方十分有害。缺乏准确性就几乎不可避免地会导致纠纷，包括诉讼，并且会使日常业务的“经营性”开支大量增加。

此外，处在不同国家的买卖双方很不愿意受对方国家种种法律和习惯的制约。他们对使用本国的法律可能会感到放心，然而，他们对外国使用其规则与解释得出的后果就难以估计了。

要想使贸易条款真正发挥作用，条款应具有普遍的适用性，并应使双方的义务明确。这就是制定“国际贸易条款”的目的。