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　1. Management: the importance to a company of an effective personnel management policy

It’s very crucial for a company to have an effective personnel management policy. There are several reasons. First of all, in terms of financial department, effective personnel management policy can help a company save its management costs so that company would have a lot more time to devote to their customers and their business. Secondly, considering the human resource department, an effective personnel management policy is extremely useful to boost the employees’ morale. As a result, employees will work more effectively and efficiently. To sum it up, companies should take account of working out an effective personnel management policy.

2. Customer relations: how to ensure that a client’s visit to your workplace is successful

To ensure that a client’s visit to our workplace is successful the following things should be done. Firstly, show the client our inner quality. We should show the client that our employees are full of energy with tidy uniform as well as the friendly smile. It’s a mirror of our company image. Secondly, we should show the client our outer quality, I mean our work environment. For example, spatial design, such as primary and secondary work areas for paper work, computer activities and accessible file systems, ambient light overhead and task light on work stations etc. Such things can show our company culture to the client. On top of that, both inner quality and outer quality are crucial factor to ensure that a client’s visit to our workplace is successful.

3. Personnel management: the importance of a clear career structure for ensuring job satisfaction for all employees

It’s very crucial for a company to have a clear career structure for ensuring job satisfaction for all employees. Firstly, a clear structure can built a well organized team that can help the company run faster and steadily. Further more, the team members well enhance mutual understanding and trust. Secondly, a clear structure can meet the requirement of the employees since self-development is the main reason for changing employer. To sum it up, having a clear career structure plays a key role in ensuring job satisfaction for all employees.

4. Product promotion: how to choose the most appropriate method for promoting a particular product

To choose the most appropriate method for promoting a particular product the following things should be done. Firstly, find out the target markets of this particular product. According to the character of the target customers such as age, qualification, gender etc, we choose the most appropriate method. For example, a firm targeting educated, financially well off consumers aged 35 and older would use personal selling, advertising, and perhaps, publicity but not consumer sales promotion activities, since coupons, refunds, and sweepstakes are more important to lower-and middle-income families. Secondly, choose the media best suited for the promotion. Cost is an import consideration before we decide on which medium to go to. Advertising on radio, newspapers or magazines may be relatively low cost while television must be the highest cost. To sum it up, when choosing the most appropriate method for promoting a particular product we’d better realize that the method varies from person to person.

[讲义] P116

5. Personnel management: the importance of internal promotion as an incentive for staff

It’s very crucial for a company to stimulate staff as an internal promotion. Firstly, incentive can develop the potential ability of the staff. This helps the staff to fulfil themselves in their work. As a result, the company will get better performance. Secondly, Incentive can create a benign environment. Scientific incentive policy contains the competitive spirit which can form a benign competitive mechanism. In this circumstance, staff will turn pressure into motivation. Like Mc Gregor said, one of the main sources of incentive is the competition among humans. Therefore, we should pay close attention to internal promotion as an incentive for staff.

[讲义] Offering incentives to staff is of key importance in personnel management. It helps to keep people satisfied with the company’s management. As a result, workers are likely to be more industrious if their needs are met, and their problems are solved. Proper incentives are very effective in motivating people to exert themselves. They will be more initiative in their daily work, which leads them to think and act in a way as if they are the owners of the company. Thus, the morale is enhanced. Consequently, the goal of an increased productivity and an improved interpersonal relationship is easily achieved. People’s enthusiasm will be inspired greatly, which is one of the most significant objectives of the incentive system.

[Memo]

6. Customer relations: how to persuade an important client to place a substantial order for a company’s products or services

To persuade an important client to place a substantial order for a company’s product or services the following things should be done. Firstly, we can show the client a special standing, for example, VIP. Secondly, we can give the client a rebate as the privilege for placing a substantial order from our company. In addition, we can also in charge of the distribution as part of our after sales services. To sum it up, we should make the important client feel valued so that he/she will place a substantial order for our company.

7. Strategic planning: the importance of appointing external consultants to evaluate a company’s performance

It’s very crucial for a company to appoint external consultant to evaluate company’s performance. Firstly, external consultants are more justice. There is no benefit between the consultants and the internal staff. Secondly, the result will more accurate since external consultants would be very professional. Furthermore, they can notice some blind spots which we get accustomed to it. So, appointing external consultants to evaluate company’s performance is a very sensible idea for a company.

8. Recruitment: the importance of assessing personality when interviewing job applicants

It’s very crucial for a company to assess personality when interviewing job applicants. Firstly, considering the profession, company must assessing personality of the applicants. For example, accounting, applicants must be very sensitive to the figures. Otherwise, a careless applicant may cause irredeemable problems which led to big loss for the company. Secondly, considering the company itself, personality of the applicants like integrity, honesty, etc may contribute little to success, yet they are crucial to the image of an organization and the smooth and successful management of human resources. So, whether the personality of the applicants is suitable for the company plays a significant role in interviewing job applicants.

9. Financial management: how to reduce costs on business trips

To reduce costs on business trips the following things should be done. Firstly, companies should develop a sound expenses claims system to prevent any system abuse and possible malpractice. For example, companies should encourage their staff to stay in decent instead of expensive hotels. In that way, you can well leave a good impression on your clients while reducing travel costs. Secondly, companies should also encourage their staff to get discount air tickets. It’s a very effective and efficient way and has little trouble to the staff. To summarize, reducing costs on business trips requires us do it in every trip in every detail.

10. Customer relations: The importance to a company of reliable customer opinions of products.

It’s very crucial for a company to have reliable customer opinions of products. Firstly, the reliable opinions can help the Production Department realize their short spots and improve their work to be more perfect. Quality products makes good company image to customers. Secondly, to the Marketing Department, reliable customer opinions can help the marketers know which points the customers would like to pay more attention so that the marketers can increase promotional efforts on them. To summarize, reliable customer opinions of products plays a significant role for the company.

11. Staff development: the importance to a company of developing effective career plans for staff.

It’s very significant for a company to develop effective career plans for staff. Firstly, effective career plans can lead staff to a satisfying and rewarding lifestyle. Career plans for those who want to move upward in the company undoubtedly improve morale and increase the company’s margin. Secondly, effective career plans for staff can help the company remain the staff turnover in a suitable level. Staff would like stay at a company which focus on not only the profits and development, but also the scientific management of human resources. To summarize, developing effective career plans for staff plays an important role in a company’s daily life.

12. Business strategy: how to maintain the confidence of company shareholders.

To maintain the confidence of company shareholders the following things should be done. Firstly, we can show the shareholders that all of our targets were reached such as total equity, profit sharing and bonus. A company who has lots of debts won’t have a prospect future. Secondly, we can show the shareholders that we could balance the needs of all shareholders and still make a profit. As a result, the shareholders would know we have ability to make money. Finally, a prospect forecast of good future will be more convinced to the shareholders to maintain the confidence to the company.

13. Information management: how to ensure that information is managed effectively.

To ensure that information is managed effectively the following things should be done. Firstly, the company should build an independent Information Management Division which can monitor the transfer of information at any stage of the company’s operation and can report the emergency to the board. Secondly, the company needs an incentive system to encourage and reward the employees who meet exactly the information management standards and punish those who fail. Finally, the company should ensure that everyone in the company knows the importance of information management and should keep their employees in mind that their company needs their devotion to the consistent maintenance of information managed effectively.

14. Financial planning: the factors involved in deciding on appropriate pricing strategies.

(1) To decide on appropriate pricing strategies, the following factors should be involed: First of all, the company should take cost into accout. The price level we set should at least include all the cost and investment and make us gain some margins. The second factor to consider is market research. To see what price level can be accepted by our prospect customers, what’s worth mentioning is that we must make sure that the research results are accurate. We will also have to think about the consumer’s habits and the popularity of our products in the target market. Only through these comprehensive investigations can we decide on appropriate pricing strategies. Another factor to consider is the competition. Investigating competitor’s cost, price and product make the company understand competition situation.

So cost, investigation and competition are important factors to consider in deciding on appropriate pricing strategies.

(2) To decide on appropriate pricing strategies, there are some important factors should involved: First of all, price and non-price competition. Companies competing based on price competition generally set prices equal to or lower than competitor’s prices. Non-price competition involves competing based on factors other than price, such as quality or service.

The second important factor is supply and demand. For most products, the quantity demanded goes up as the price goes down.

Another important factor is consumer perception of price. Buyers generally believe price is closely related to quality. For products such as wine and perfume, a higher price signals higher quality to the target market. In such cases, companies can use price to establish an image of product superiority.

15. Staff relations: the importance of a company providing a range of facilities for all staff.

It’s very crucial for a company to provide a range of facilities for all staff. Firstly, complete and comfortable facilities create a reasonable and convenient working environment for staff. Staff will become more productive and efficient in pleasant work environment, and good working conditions will help to bring out individual creativity. Consequently, the company will gain more profits. Secondly, a range of facilities for all staff enhance the cohesive force in enterprise, in consequence, the company image will be improved. To summarize, providing a range of facilities for all staff is highly significant for a company.

16. Technology: the importance to a company of regularly upgrading its technological equipment.

It’s crucial for a company to regularly upgrade its technological equipment. Firstly, during the upgrade equipment failure can be found and get repaired. Equipment failure can’t be found in time will cause big loss to the company. Secondly, regularly upgrading technological equipment expand the functions of the equipment, in consequence, it saves man’s labor and improve efficiency. Companies will have a lot more time to devote to their customers and their business. To summarize, regularly upgrading technological equipment play a key role in a company’s daily work.

17. Strategic planning: the factors involved in managing change effectively within an organization.

To manage change effectively within an organization, there are several factors involved. First of all, an appropriate change initiative should be involved. The initiative should include the reasons for change and outline the benefits after implementing this change. For example, making more profits, improving work efficiency or boosting the morale of the staff. The second factor to consider is board meeting. Only the initiative get approval can the change managed effectively. Another important factor to consider is employees. We should inform the employees the change and encourage them to give advices to complete the initiative. So, initiative, the board meeting and employees’ advices are important factors to consider in managing change effectively within an organization.

18. Purchasing: the importance of maintaining personal contact with potential suppliers.

It’s crucial important for a company to maintain personal contact with potential suppliers. There are some benefits when we decide do business with them. Firstly, we can get a clear understanding of the product quality. The personal contact with potential suppliers can provide us with reliable information about the product. Secondly, we can get a rebate from the relationship. Consequently, we can purchase quality raw materials with reasonable prices. Finally, we may receive priority over other 购买商。As a result, our efficiency of production line can be guaranteed. To summarize, maintaining personal contact with potential suppliers is highly significant for companies.

19. Recruitment: how to ensure that the advertising of job vacancies is effective.

To ensure the advertising of job vacancies is effective the following things should be done. Firstly, making a call to the company who launch the advertising to identify the vacancies’ availability. Asking some information about the vacancies such as working hours, duties, rewards etc. Secondly, we can get some relevant information through the Internet. Useful experience shared by experienced person may give us advice on how to ensure the availability of the advertising. In addition, we can also discuss with our relatives since they have more life experiences and prioritize our benefits over others.

20. Price: the advantages of a flexible price policy.

A company can gain benefit from a flexible price policy. There are several advantages: Firstly, flexible price policy in line with the fluctuation of supply and demand. Company will gain more profits since it meet the requirement of the market. Secondly, flexible price policy is a kind of promotion strategy. Fluctuation in a reasonable range arouses customers’ awareness of the products. Consequently, the flexible price policy enhances the visibility and image of the company. Finally, flexible price policy helps the companies maintain a high level of competition. When fierce price competition exists in the market or when competing products show little difference, those companies who don’t have a flexible price policy may become the loser in market. To summarize, flexible price policy is highly significant for a company.