Exercise 1
1. The spellings of many old English words have been______in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.
(A) preserved
(B) shortened
(C) preempted
(D) revised
(E) improved
翻译：很多古英语单词的拼写在现代英语中被保留下来，尽管他们的发音已经改变了。
A保留
B缩短
C拥有优先购买权;抢先占领;取代，替代
D修改
E改善，改良
2. Given the evidence of Egyptian and Babylonian ______later Greek civilization, it would be incorrect to view the work of Greek scientists as an entirely independent creation.
(A) disdain for
(B) imitation of
(C) ambivalence about
(D) deference to
(E) influence on
翻译：根据埃及和巴比伦影响了后来希腊文明的证据，把希腊科学家的成就视为完全独立的创作这种观点是错误的。
A蔑视，轻视
B模仿
C对……有矛盾心理;对……存在正反感情并存的状态
D顺从，尊重
E影响
3. Ecology, like economics, concerns itself with the movement of valuable______through a complex network of producers and consumers.
(A) commodities
(B) dividends
(C) communications
(D) nutrients
(E) artifacts
翻译：生态学，就像经济学一样，关心的是有价值的物品在生产者和消费者之间的复杂网络流动的问题
A商品，物品
B股息
C通讯，信息
D营养品
E人造物品
4. The old man could not have been accused of______ his affection; his conduct toward the child betrayed his______her.
(A) lavishing...fondness for
(B) sparing...tolerance of
(C) rationing...antipathy for
(D) stinting...adoration of
(E) promising...dislike of
翻译：这个老人不应该被指责为因吝啬他的爱;他对这个孩子的行为体现了他对她的深深喜爱。
A大量给予，铺张……喜爱
B节俭，抠门……忍耐，容忍
C分配，定量供给……讨厌，厌恶
D吝啬，限制……深深的喜爱，尊敬
E承诺……讨厌
5. The new biological psychiatry does not deny the contributing role of psychological factors in mental illnesses, but posits that these factors may act as a catalyst on existing physiological conditions and ______such illnesses.
(A) disguise
(B) impede
(C) constrain
(D) precipitate
(E) consummate
翻译：新的生物精神病疗法并没有否认心理因素对心理疾病的推动作用，而是指出这些因素可能是已有的生理疾病的催化剂，并会加速这些精神疾病的发生。
A伪装，假装
B阻止
C限制
D加速，使突如其来
E完成，达到顶点
6. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of______resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
(A) deviation
(B) stability
(C) reproduction
(D) variety
(E) invigoration
翻译：一些科学家认为，因为碳化合物的多样性，它们对地球上的生物起到了核心作用，而这种多样性来自碳原子具有构成无穷尽系列的不同分子的能力。
A偏离，背离
B稳定性
C再生，繁殖
D变化，多样性
E鼓舞
7. That his intransigence in making decisions______no open disagreement from any quarter was well known; thus, clever subordinates learned the art of ______their opinions in casual remarks.
(A) elicited...quashing
(B) engendered...recasting
(C) brooked...intimating
(D) embodied...instigating
(E) forbore...emending
翻译：众所周知，他在做决定时从不妥协的态度让他不能容忍来自任何方面的公开反对意见，因此，聪明的下属学会了在不经意的谈话中表达他们意见的艺术。
A得出，引出……取消
B造成……重做
C容忍，接受(brook通常是指领导对反对意见的容忍和接受，常和no同时使用，即表达不接受……的含义)……表示，宣布
D使具体化……鼓动
E忍耐，克制……修改
Exercise 21. Dreams are ______in and of themselves, but, when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer.
(A) uninformative
(B) startling
(C) harmless
(D) unregulated
(E) uncontrollable
翻译：尽管梦自身来说是不能提供信息的，但是当和其他数据结合的时候，它们能告诉我们很多关于做梦者的信息。
A不提供信息的
B令人吃惊的
C无害的
D无计划的，无规划的
E不可控制的
2. In most Native American cultures, an article used in prayer or ritual is made with extraordinary attention to and richness of detail: it is decorated more ______than a similar article intended for ______use.
(A) delicately...vocational
(B) colorfully...festive
(C) creatively...religious
(D) subtly...commercial
(E) lavishly...everyday
翻译：在很多美国本土文化中，祈祷或宗教仪式中使用的物件需要制作得格外小心而且有丰富的细节：和类似的在日常生活中使用的东西相比，它们的修饰更加丰富。
A精美地，雅致地……职业的
B多彩地……喜庆的
C有创造性地……宗教的
D精致地，技艺精湛地……商业的
E丰富地、大量地……日常的
3. The newborn human infant is not a passive figure, nor an active one, but what might be called an actively ______one, eagerly attentive as it is to sights and sounds
(A) adaptive
(B) selective
(C) inquisitive
(D) receptive
(E) intuitive
翻译：新生婴儿既不是被动的个体，也不是主动的个体，而应被称为一个主动的接受者，他们表现出对光和声音的急切关注。
A适应的
B选择的
C好奇的
D接受的，愿意接受的
E直觉的
4. Before about 1960, virtually all accounts of evolution assumed most adaptation to be a product of selection at the level of populations; recent studies of evolution, however, have found no ______this______view of selection.
(A) departures from....controversial
(B) basis for...pervasive
(C) bias toward...unchallenged
(D) precursors of...innovative
(E) criticisms of...renowned
翻译：在大约1960年前，几乎所有的关于进化的观点都把大多数适应认为是在当时群体数量水平基础上选择的产物，但是，近来对于进化的研究没有发现这种普遍的选择观点的基础。
A违背，背离……有争议的
B基础……普遍深入的
C偏见……没有争议的，未受挑战的
D先驱……革新的
E批评……有名的，著名的
5. In the machinelike world of classical physics, the human intellect appears______, since the mechanical nature of classical physics does not ______creative reasoning, the very ability that had made the formulation of classical principles possible.
(A) anomalous...allow for
(B) abstract...speak to
(C) anachronistic...deny
(D) enduring...value
(E) contradictory...exclude
翻译：在经典物理学机械化的世界中，人类的智商显得很不靠谱，因为经典物理学中机械化的本质不会允许创造性推理，而这恰恰是这种能力使得经典理论形成成为可能。
A不确定的……考虑，顾及
B抽象的……证明，申诉
C不合时宜的……否定
D持久的……评估
E对立的……排斥
6. Although Johnson ______great enthusiasm for his employees’ project, in reality his interest in the project was so______as to be almost non-existent.
(A) generated...redundant
(B) displayed...preemptive
(C) expected...indiscriminate
(D) feigned...perfunctory
(E) demanded...dispassionate
翻译：尽管约翰逊对于他的员工的计划假装表现出巨大的热情，但事实上他对这个计划的兴趣是非常冷漠的以至于几乎是等同于不存在的。
A产生……多余的
B显示……抢先的
C期望……不加辨别的
D假装……冷漠的，敷衍的
E需要……冷静的
7. Whereas the art critic Vasari saw the painting entitled the Mona Lisa as an original and wonderful ______feat, the reproduction of a natural object, the aesthetes saw it as______that required deciphering.
(A) collaborative...an aberration
(B) historical...a symbol
(C) technical...a hieroglyph
(D) mechanical...an imitation
(E) visual...an illusion
翻译：尽管艺术评论家瓦萨里认为蒙娜丽莎这幅画是一项独创的、具有辉煌技艺的壮举，它是对自然物体的一种再现。但是，审美学家却认为它是一个需要解码的象形文字。
A合作的……脱离常规，偏离
B历史的……符号
C技术的……图画文字，象形文字
D机械的……仿造物
E可视的……幻想，幻觉
Exercise 3
1. Despite the apparently bewildering complexity of this procedure, the underlying ______is quite______
(A) simplicity...calculated
(B) principle...elementary
(C) confusion...imaginary
(D) purpose...effective
(E) theory...modern
翻译：尽管这个过程表面上体现出了让人迷惑的复杂性，但是它暗含的原理是很基本的。
A简单……适当的，适合的
B原理……基本的，初等的
C混乱，混淆……想象的
D目的……有效的
E理论……现代的
2. In spite of the ______nature of Scotland’s terrain, its main roads are surprisingly free from severe______
(A) rocky...weather
(B) mountainous...grades
(C) uncharted...flooding
(D) unpredictable...damage
(E) landlocked...slipperiness
翻译：尽管苏格兰的地形是多山的，但是令人吃惊的是它的主要公路都没有很大的坡度。
A多岩石的，困难的……天气
B多山的……斜坡，坡度
C未知的……泛滥
D不可预测的……损坏
E为陆地所包围的……光滑
3. While the delegate clearly sought to ______the optimism that has emerged recently, she stopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of significance.
(A) substantiate
(B) dampen
(C) encourage
(D) elucidate
(E) rekindle
翻译：尽管这个代表明确表明试图抑制近来出现的乐观主义情绪，但是她并没有(差一点就)暗示这个会议会几乎崩溃或产生毫无意义的结果。
A证实，落实
B把……弄湿，抑制
C鼓励
D阐述，说明
E重新点燃。
4. The reduction of noise has been ______in terms of ______its sources, but the alternative of canceling noise out by adding sound with the opposite wave pattern may be more useful in practice.
(A) justified...diffusing
(B) accomplished...tracking
(C) conceived...concealing
(D) explained...isolating
(E) approached...eliminating
翻译：降低噪音的工作已经通过消除噪声源的方法开始进行，但是另外一种通过增加波形相反的声音来消除噪音的方法在实际中可能更有用。
A证明，合理的……散布
B完成，已经完成的……跟踪
C构思，想象的……隐藏
D解释……隔离
E开始处理……消除
5. While not completely nonplussed by the unusually caustic responses from members of the audience, the speaker was nonetheless visibly ______by their lively criticism.
(A) humiliated
(B) discomfited
(C) deluded
(D) disgraced
(E) tantalized
翻译：尽管没有被听众中一些人极其刻薄的反应彻底整懵，但很显然，这个演讲者还是被他们生猛的批评搞的很狼狈。
A羞辱
B为难，狼狈
C欺骗，哄骗
D耻辱，出丑
E愚弄，挑逗
6. During the 1960’s assessments of the family shifted remarkably, from general endorsement of it as a worthwhile, stable institution to wide spread ______it as an oppressive and bankrupt one whose ______was both imminent and welcome.
(A) flight from...restitution
(B) fascination with...corruption
(C) rejection of...vogue
(D) censure of...dissolution
(E) relinquishment of...ascent
翻译：在20世纪60年代，对于家庭的评价发生了明显的变化：人们一开始把它当做一项有价值的、稳定的机构到广为流传的责难它是一项压抑的而没有价值的机构，并认为家庭的解体是迫在眉睫并且会受到欢迎的。
A飞行……归还，复职
B迷恋，入迷……腐败，堕落
C反对……时尚
D谴责……解散，分解
E放弃，让渡……上升
7. Nineteenth-century scholars, by examining earlier geometric Greek art, found that classical Greek art was not a magical ______or a brilliant______ blending Egyptian and Assyrian art, but was independently evolved by Greeks in Greece.
(A) stratagem...appropriation
(B) exemplar...synthesis
(C) conversion...annexation
(D) paradigm...construct
(E) apparition...amalgam
翻译：通过检查早期几何学时代的希腊艺术，十九世纪的学者发现经典的希腊艺术既不是神奇的幻影，也不是超群的，混合了埃及和亚述人艺术的混合体，而是由希腊人在希腊独立发展而来的。
A战略，计谋……拨款，挪用公款
B模范，标本……综合，合成
C变化，转化……合并，附加
D范例……构造
E幻影，幽灵，奇特现象……混合物(相当于mixture)
Exercise 41. As late as 1891 a speaker assured his audience that since profitable farming was the result of natural ability rather than______, an education in agriculture was______.
(A) instruction...vital
(B) effort...difficult
(C) learning...useless
(D) science...intellectual
(E) luck...senseless
翻译：直到1891年，一个演讲者还让他的听众们确信，既然农业的盈利是因为自然能力而不是因为学习，那么农业教育就是没用的。
A指导……至关重要的
B努力……困难的
C学习……无用的
D科学……理性的，高智商的
E运气……无意识的，愚蠢的，木讷的
2. A perennial goal in zoology is to infer function from______, relating the______of an organism to its physical form and cellular organization.
(A) age...ancestry
(B) classification...appearance
(C) size...movement
(D) structure...behavior
(E) location...habitat
翻译：动物学永恒的目标是根据结构推测功能，即把生物的行为和其物理结构和细胞组织关联起来。
A年龄……祖先
B分类……外表
C尺寸……运动
D结构……行为
E位置……习惯
3. Considering how long she had yearned to see Italy, her first reaction was curiously______.
(A) meditative
(B) tepid
(C) categorical
(D) unoriginal
(E) insightful
翻译：考虑到她长期对去意大利的渴望，人们很难理解为何她的第一反应一点都不热情。
A沉思的，爱冥想的
B不热情的，不温不火的
C分类的，绝对的
D无创造性的
E有洞察力的，有悟性的
4. In Germany her startling powers as a novelist are widely______, but she is almost unknown in the English-speaking world because of the difficulties of ______her eccentric prose.
(A) ignored...editing
(B) admired...translating
(C) espoused...revealing
(D) obscured...comprehending
(E) dispersed...transcribing
翻译：在德国，她作为一个小说家所表现出的令人震惊的影响力得到了人们普遍的尊敬，但是由于翻译她那种有独特风格的散文很困难，所以她在讲英语的国家中却名不见经传。
A忽略……编辑
B尊敬……翻译
C支持，赞成……揭示，展现
D遮蔽，掩盖……理解
E散布……转录
5. In many science fiction films, the opposition of good and evil is portrayed as a______between technology, which is______, and the errant will of a depraved intellectual.
(A) fusion...useful
(B) struggle...dehumanizing
(C) parallel...unfettered
(D) conflict...beneficent
(E) similarity...malevolent
翻译：在很多科幻电影中，善与恶的对立体现为好的技术和颓废的知识分子变态的想法之间的冲突。
A融合……有用的
B斗争……失去人性的
C并行……无拘无束的
D冲突……有益的，慈善的
E相似性……有恶意的，心肠不好的
6. Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at themselves, although a hint of ______can boost sales of video clips very nicely.
(A) self-deprecation
(B) congeniality
(C) cynicism
(D) embarrassment
(E) self-doubt
翻译：尽管一点点的自嘲能有效地刺激录影带的销售，但是比较而言几乎没有摇滚歌手愿意嘲笑他们自己。
A自我贬低
B适合
C犬儒主义
D窘迫，尴尬
E自我怀疑
7. Within the next decade, sophisticated telescopes now orbiting the Earth will determine whether the continents really are moving, ______the incipient ______among geologists about the validity of the theory of continental drift.
(A) obviating...consensus
(B) forestalling...rift
(C) escalating...debates
(D) engendering...speculation
(E) resolving...rumors
翻译：在未来十年内，现在绕着地球转动的最精密的望远镜将确定大陆是否真正在移动，这会消除地质学家之间最早的关于大陆漂移理论合理性的分歧。
A消除，排除……一致同意
B阻止(用先发制人的方法)……分歧
C逐步增加，上升……争论
D造成……推测，投机
E解决……谣言
Exercise 51. The commissions criticized the legislature for making college attendance dependent on the ability to pay, charging that, as a result, hundreds of qualified young people would be______further education.
(A) entitled to
(B) striving for
(C) deprived of
(D) uninterested in
(E) participating in
翻译：委员会批评立法机构，因为制定的根据支付能力来决定学生是否能上大学的制度，并指出，如果这样的话，将有成百上千的优秀青年会被剥夺进一步深造的机会。
A授权，有资格
B努力，奋斗
C被剥夺
D没兴趣
E参与
2. In order to______her theory that the reactions are ______, the scientist conducted many experiments, all of which showed that the heat of the first reaction is more than twice that of the second.
(A) support...different
(B) comprehend...constant
(C) evaluate...concentrated
(D) capture...valuable
(E) demonstrate...problematic
翻译：为了证明她认为两个反应不同的理论，科学家进行了很多实验，这些实验都表明第一次反应的热量是第二次的热量的两倍以上。
A支持，证实……不同的
B理解……不变的，永恒的
C评价，评估……集中的，浓缩的，全神贯注的
D捕获，赢得，引起……有价值的，贵重的
E展示……有问题的
3. For centuries animals have been used as______ for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans.
(A) benefactors
(B) companions
(C) examples
(D) precedents
(E) surrogates
翻译：几个世纪以来，动物在实验中被用作人类的替代品，用来评价那些以后可能会用在人类身上的医疗制剂和其他因素的效果。
A捐助者
B同伴
C例子
D先例
E替代品
4. Having fully embraced the belief that government by persuasion is preferable to government by______, the leaders of the movement have recently______most of their previous statements supporting totalitarianism.
(A) intimidation...issued
(B) participation...moderated
(C) proclamation...codified
(D) demonstration...deliberated
(E) coercion...repudiated
翻译：在完全接受这样的思想后，即劝说政府比强权政府更好，运动的领导人们近来已经否定了大多数以往支持极权主义的言论。
A胁迫，威胁……发布
B参与……缓和，减轻
C宣布……编写法典，整理，系统化
D展示……仔细考虑，商讨
E强权……放弃，否定
5. This final essay, its prevailing kindliness______by occasional flashes of savage irony, bespeaks the______character of the author.
(A) illuminated...imperturbable
(B) marred...dichotomous
(C) untainted...vindictive
(D) exemplified...chivalrous
(E) diluted...ruthless
翻译：最后的这篇文章表明了作者矛盾的性格，因为文章总体上的温和被偶尔闪现的野蛮的讽刺破坏。
A照亮，阐明，启发……沉着的，冷静的
B损坏，损毁……二分的，矛盾的
C未感染……报复性的
D作为例子……侠义的，武士风格的
E冲淡，稀释……无情的
6. Far from viewing Jefferson as a skeptical but enlightened intellectual, historians of the 1960’s portrayed him as______thinker, eager to fill the young with his political orthodoxy while censoring ideas he did not like.
(A) an adventurous
(B) a doctrinaire
(C) an eclectic
(D) a judicious
(E) a cynical
翻译：20世纪60年代的历史学家并不把Jefferson视为一个具有怀疑主义但又具有启蒙精神的知识分子，而把他描绘成一个教条的思想家，他渴望给年轻人灌输他的正统zz并审查他不喜欢的思想。
A爱冒险的，大胆的
B教条的，空谈理论的
C折衷主义的(杂家式的)
D明智的
E犬儒主义的
7. Rather than enhancing a country’s security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country’s _________.
(A) boldness
(B) influence
(C) responsibility
(D) moderation
(E) vulnerability
翻译：成功发展核武器并不能增强一个国家的安全性，反而会首先增加这个国家的脆弱性。
A冒失，大胆
B影响
C责任
D缓和，适度
E脆弱性
