SECTION 1
Time—30 minutes
25 Questions
1. The Environmental Protection Agency must
respond to the hazard to children’s health
posed by exposure to asbestos fibers released
in the air in school classrooms. Since it is
impossible to close school buildings, the best plan
would be to initiate programs that mandate the
immediate removal of asbestos from all the
school buildings that are found to contain
asbestos, regardless of whether or not the
buildings are in use.
Which of the following, if true, is the strongest
reason for the Environmental Protection Agency
not to follow the plan outlined above?
(A) The techniques available for removing
asbestos often increase the level of airborne
asbestos.
(B) Schools are places where asbestos is
especially likely to be released into the air by
the action of the occupants.
(C) Children exposed to airborne asbestos run a
greater risk of developing cancer than do
adults exposed to airborne asbestos.
(D) The cost of removing asbestos varies from
school to school, depending on accessibility
and the quantity of asbestos to be removed.
(E) It is impossible to determine with any degree
of certainty if and when construction materials
that contain asbestos will break down and
release asbestos fibers into the air.
2. Aedes albopictus, a variety of mosquito that has
recently established itself in the southeastern
United States, is less widespread than the
indigenous swamp mosquito. Both the swamp
mosquito and A. albopictus can carry viruses that
are sometimes fatal to humans, but A. albopictus
is a greater danger to public health.
Each of the following, if true, provides additional
information that strengthens the judgment given
about the danger to public health EXCEPT:
(A) Unlike the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus
originated in Asia, and larvae of it were not
observed in the United States before the mid-
1980’s.
(B) Unlike the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus
tends to spend most of its adult life near
human habitation.
(C) Unlike swamp mosquito larvae, A.
albopictus larvae survive in flower pots, tin
cans, and many small household objects that
hold a little water.
(D) In comparison with the swamp mosquito, A.
albopictus hosts a much wider variety of
viruses known to cause serious diseases in
humans.
(E) A. albopictus seeks out a much wider range
of animal hosts than does the swamp mosq-
uito, and it is more likely to bite humans.
Questions 3-8
The manager of a horse show is placing seven
obstacles-one chicken coop, one gate, two stone
walls, and three fences-on a jumping course that
consists of seven positions, numbered and arranged
consecutively from 1 to 7. The placement of the
obstacles in the seven positions must conform to the
following conditions:
No two fences can be placed in consecutive positions.
The stone walls must be placed in consecutive
positions.
3. Which of the following is an acceptable
placement of obstacles in the seven positions,
in order from the first position to the last position
on the course?
(A) Chicken coop, fence, gate, stone wall, fence,
stone wall, fence
(B) Fence, gate, fence, fence, chicken coop,
stone wall, stone wall
(C) Fence, stone wall, stone wall, gate, chicken
coop, fence, fence
(D) Gate, stone wall, stone wall, fence, fence,
chicken coop, fence
(E) Stone wall, stone wall, fence, chicken coop,
fence, gate, fence
4. If one of the fences is in the third position and
another is in the sixth position, which of the
following must be true?
(A) The chicken coop is in the seventh position.
(B) The gate is in the second position.
(C) The gate is in the seventh position.
(D) One of the stone walls is in the first position.
(E) One of the stone walls is in the fourth
position.
5. If one of the stone walls is in the seventh position,
which of the following must be FALSE?
(A) The chicken coop is in the second position.
(B) The chicken coop is in the fourth position.
(C) One of the fences is in the first position.
(D) One of the fences is in the second position.
(E) The gate is in the fourth position.
6. Which of the following CANNOT be the
positions occupied by the three fences?
(A) First, third, and fifth
(B) First, third, and sixth
(C) Second, fourth, and sixth
(D) Second, fourth, and seventh
(E) Third, fifth, and seventh
7. If a stone wall is placed immediately after the
gate, which of the following is a complete and
accurate list of the positions in which the gate can
be placed?
(A) Second, third (B) Second, fourth
(C) Third, fourth (D) Second, third, fourth
(E) Third, fourth, fifth
8. If the chicken coop is not placed immediately
after any fence, which of the following is a
complete and accurate list of the positions in
which the chicken coop can be placed?
(A) First, second, third
(B) First, third, fourth
(C) First, fourth, sixth
(D) First, second, third, fourth
(E) First, third, fourth, sixth
9. A person’s cholesterol level will decline
significantly if that person increases the
number of meals eaten per day, but only if
there is no significant increase in the amount
of food eaten. However, most people who
increase the number of meals they eat each day
will eat a lot more food as well.
If the statements above are true, which of the
following is most strongly supported by them?
(A) For most people, cholesterol level is not
significantly affected by the amount of food
eaten per day.
(B) For most people, the amount of food eaten per
meal is most strongly affected by the time of
day at which the meal is eaten.
(C) For most people, increasing the number of
meals eaten per day will not result in a
significantly lower cholesterol level.
(D) For most people, the total amount of food
eaten per day is unaffected by the number of
meals eaten per day.
(E) For most people, increasing the number of
meals eaten per day will result in a significant
change in the types of food eaten.
10. A certain type of dinnerware made in Ganandia
contains lead. Lead can leach into acidic foods,
and Ganandians tend to eat highly acidic foods.
However, the extreme rarity of lead poisoning in
Ganandia indicates that the dinnerware does not
contain dangerous amounts of lead.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument above?
(A) The dinnerware is produced exclusively for
sale outside Ganandia.
(B) Ganandian foods typically are much more
acidic than foods anywhere else in the
world.
(C) The only source of lead poisoning in
Ganandia is lead that has leached into food.
(D) Most people who use the dinnerware are not
aware that it contains lead.
(E) Acidic foods can leach lead from dinnerware
even if that dinnerware has a protective
coating.
Question 11 is based on the following graph.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DRUG X IN ERADICATING
A BACTERIAL LUNG INFECTION IN ADULT
PATIENTS
Point During the Course of the Infection
at Which Drug X Was First Administered to Patients
(in weeks following the onset of symptoms)
11. Drug X, which kills on contact the bacteria that
cause the infection, is administered to patients
by means of an aerosol inhaler.
Which of the following, if true, contributes most
to explaining the change in drug X’s
effectiveness during the course of the infection?
(A) Symptoms of the infection usually become
evident during the first 48 hours following
infection.
(B) Most patients with lung infections say they
prefer aerosol inhalers to other means of
administering antibacterial drugs.
(C) In most patients taking drug X, the dosage
administered is increased slightly each week
until symptoms disappear.
(D) In patients who have the infection, the
ability to inhale becomes increasingly
impaired beginning in the second week after
the onset of symptoms.
(E) Drug X is not administered to any patient
who shows signs of suffering from
secondary infections.
12. Sergeant
Our police academy no longer requires its
applicants to pass a physical examination
before being admitted to the academy. As a
result, several candidates with weak hearts and
high blood pressure have been admitted. Hence,
we can expect our future police force to have
more health problems than our current police
force.
Knowledge of each of the following would be
relevant to determining the reliability of the
sergeant’s prediction EXCEPT whether
(A) police officer candidates are screened for
high blood pressure before joining the police
force
(B) the police officer candidates who are not
healthy now are likely to be unhealthy as
police officers
(C) graduates of the police academy are required
to pass a physical examination
(D) the health of the current police officer
candidates is worse than was the health of
police officer candidates in the past
(E) a police officer’s health is a reliable indicator
of the officer’s performance
Questions 13-16
A transcontinental railroad train has exactly eight cars—J, K, L, M, N, O, P, and R—bound for several different destinations. The positions of the cars in any ordering of the train are numbered first through eighth from the front of the train. Because the cars will be detached at different points, certain ordering requirements must be met, as follows:
J must be somewhere behind M in the train.
K must be immediately in front of or
immediately behind P.
O must be in front of N, and exactly one car
must be between them.
R must be among the frontmost four cars and
somewhere behind O.
13. Which of the following represents a possible
order for the cars, from the front to the rear of
the train?
(A) L, M, O, R, N, J, K,P
(B) M, K, P, O, R, N, L, J
(C) M, L, O, R, N, K, J, P
(D) O, R, M, N, P, K, J, L
(E) P, K, R, L, O, M, N, J
14. If K is the first car, then the last car must be
either
(A) J or L (B) J or M (C) L or M
(D) L or N (E) M or N
15. Which of the following can be neither the first
nor the last car?
(A) J (B) K (C) L (D) M (E) N
16. If R is somewhere behind N, which of the
following must be true?
(A) O is the first car.
(B) M is the second car.
(C) Either K or P is the last car.
(D) L is one of the last four cars.
(E) J is somewhere in front of K.
Questions 17-22
A mining company is planning a survey of
exactly six regions-F, G, H, I, K, and L-for deposits
of platinum and uranium. Each region will contain
one of four possible combinations of minerals-both
platinum and uranium, neither platinum nor uranium, platinum and no uranium, or uranium and no
platinum. Prior to conducting a detailed survey, the
mining company has the following information:
Exactly as many of the regions contain
platinum deposits as contain uranium deposits.
Region F contains exactly the same deposits as
does region H.
Regions G and I both contain uranium
deposits.
Regions H and K both contain platinum
deposits.
Regions G and L either both contain platinum
deposits or neither of them does.
17. If there are exactly four regions that contain
platinum deposits, these four could be
(A) F, G, H, and K (B) F, G, H, and L
(C) F, H, I, and K (D) F, H, K, and L
(E) G, H, K, and L
18. If some region contains neither platinum
deposits nor uranium deposits, it must be
(A) F (B) G (C) H (D) I (E) L
19. If one of the six regions contains deposits of
neither platinum deposits nor uranium deposits,
which of the following CANNOT contain
platinum deposits?
(A) F (B) G (C) H (D) I (E) K
20. If exactly one region contains no platinum
deposits, it must be
(A) F (B) G (C) I (D) K (E) L
21. If K is the only region containing platinum
deposits but no uranium deposits, which of the
following must be two of the regions that
contain both platinum deposits and uranium
deposits?
(A) F and G (B) F and H (C) G and L
(D) H and I (E) I and L
22. If no region contains deposits of both platinum
and uranium, which of the following must be
true?
(A) F contains uranium deposits.
(B) G contains platinum deposits.
(C) I contains platinum deposits.
(D) K contains uranium deposits.
(E) L contains uranium deposits.
23. Because adult iguanas on Plazos Island are much
smaller than adult iguanas of the same species
on nearby islands, researchers assumed that
environmental conditions on Plazos favor the
survival of relatively smaller baby iguanas
(hatchlings) in each yearly brood. They
discovered instead that for each of the past three
years, 10 percent of the smaller and 40 percent
of the larger hatchlings survived, because larger
hatchlings successfully evade their predators.
Which of the following, if true about Plazos but
not about nearby islands, contributes most to an
explanation of the long-standing tendency of
iguanas on Plazos to be smaller than those of the
same age on nearby islands?
(A) Periodic wind shifts cause extended dry
spells on Plazos every year, putting the larger
iguanas, whose bodies require relatively
more water, at a great disadvantage.
(B) There are exactly three species of iguanas on
Plazos but only two species of seagulls that
feed on iguanas, and a relatively small
percentage of each year’s hatchlings are
consumed by seagulls.
(C) Wild cats, which were introduced as pets by
early settlers and which were formerly major
predators of Plazos iguanas, were recently
killed off by a disease specific to cats.
(D) The iguanas on Plazos are a relatively
ancient part of the island’s animal life.
(E) Both land and marine iguanas live on Plazos,
and the land iguanas tend to be larger than
marine iguanas of the same age.
24. Every human being who has ever lived had two
parents. Therefore, more people were alive three
thousand years ago than are alive now.
The reasoning in the argument is flawed because
it
(A) overlooks the number of people in each
generation during the last three thousand
years who left no descendants
(B) disregards possible effects of disasters such
as famines and plagues on human history
(C) overestimates the mathematical effect of
repeated doublings on population size
(D) fails to take into account that people now
alive have overlapping sets of ancestors
(E) fails to consider that accurate estimation of
the number of people alive three thousand
years ago might be impossible
25. Each of the academic journals Thought and Ergo
has a review committee to prevent misattributed
quotations from appearing in its published
articles. Nevertheless, about ten percent of the
quotations in Thought’s published articles are
misattributed, whereas Ergo contains no
misattributions. Ergo’s committee is more
effective, therefore, than Thought’s at finding
misattributed quotations.
The argument above assumes that
(A) most of the articles submitted to Thought for
publication contain misattributed quotations
(B) there are at least some misattributed
quotations in articles submitted to Ergo for
publication
(C) the members of Ergo’s committee are, on the
whole, more knowledgeable than are the
members of Thought’s committee
(D) the number of misattributed quotations in a
journal is an accurate measure of how
carefully that journal is edited
(E) the authors who submit articles to Ergo for
publication are more thorough in attributing
quotations than are the authors who submit
articles to Thought
SECTION 2
Time—30 minutes
25 Questions
1. 60 percent of 16 10
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2. PQ OR
n is an integer such that 111. 0.36 For each positive integer n, 12. 13. The area of rectangular
region ABCD
S is a set of n consecutive integers.
14. The mean of S The median of S
The length of a rectangular box is 4 inches
longer than the depth, and the width of
the box is 1 inch less than the length.
The depth of the box is between 2inches and 4
inches.
15. The volume of the box in 200
cubic inches
16. In a circle graph used to represent a budget
totaling $600, the measure of the central angle
associated with a $120 item in the budget is
( A) 72°(B) 108°(C) 120° (D) 144° (E) 216
17. (A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 1 (E)18. The vertices of square S have coordinates (-1,-
2), (-1,1), (2,1), and (2,-2), respectively. What
are the coordinates of the point where the
diagonals of S intersect?
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)19. The admission price per child at a certain
amusementp arkis of the admission priceper adult. If the admission price for 4 adults and
6 children is $112.50, what is the admission
price per adult?
(A) $15.00 (B) $13.50 (C) $12.75
(D) $11.25 (E) $8.75
20. If x=2y and y=2z/3, what is the value of z in
terms of x?
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 3xQuestions 21-25 refer to the following graph.
INDUSTRLAL WASTE GENERATED BY SPECIFIC INDUSTRIES OF COUNTRY X
Note: Because of the great disparity in the amounts of waste generated by different industries, the
graph is broken in three places, and after each break, a new and more appropriate scale is
introduced. As usual, the value represented by a bar is read only at its far right end.
21. How many million metric tons of hazardous
waste was produced in 1985 by the inorganic
and organic chemicals industries combined?
(A) 66 (B) 16 (C) 10
(D) 5 (E) 3
22. For those industries that generated a total of
more than a million metric tons of waste in
1985, what was the approximate average
(arithmetic mean) total waste, in millions of
metric tons, generated per industry?
(A) 42 (B) 34 (C) 28
(D) 25 (E) 23
23. In 1985 hazardous waste in electroplating
exceeded hazardous waste in electronic
components by how many million metric tons?
(A) 1.96 (B) 1.50 (C) 0.96
(D) 0.80 (E) 0.60
24. In 1985 the pharmaceuticals industry generated
total waste equal to how many times the
hazardous waste in the same industry?
(A) 1.2 (B) 2.5 (C) 3
(D) 6 (E) 12
25. For which of the following industries is the
hazardous waste projection for the year 2000 at
least double its 1985 level?
I. Electronic components
II. Electroplating
III. Inorganic chemicals
(A) I only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
26. Sixty-eight people are sitting in 20 cars and each
car contains at most 4 people. What is the
maximum possible number of cars that could
contain exactly 1 of the 68 people?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4
(D) 8 (E) 12
27. The width of a rectangular playground is 75
percent of the length. If the perimeter of the
playground is 280 meters, how long, in meters,
is a straight path that cuts diagonally across the
playground from one corner to another?
(A) 60
(B) 70
(C) 80
(D) 90
(E) 100
28. Which of the following numbers is NOT the sum
of three consecutive odd integers?
(A) 15
(B) 75
(C) 123
(D) 297
(E) 313
29. If , where k and n are positive integers and n < 100, then k n =(A) 17
(B) 16
(C) 15
(D) 14
(E) 13
30. Which of the following pairs of numbers has an
average (arithmetic mean) of 2?
SECTION 3
Time-30 minutes
Questions
1. What these people were waiting for would not
have been apparent to others and was perhaps not
very---their own minds.
(A) obscure to
(B) intimate to
(C) illusory to
(D) difficult for
(E) definite in
2. The attempt to breed suitable varieties of jojoba
by using hybridization to---favorable traits was
finally abandoned in favor of a simpler and much
faster---: the domestication of flourishing wild
strains.
(A) eliminate.. alternative
(B) reinforce.. method
(C) allow.. creation
(D) reduce.. idea
(E) concentrate.. theory
3. According to one political theorist, a regime that
has as its goal absolute---, without any---law or
principle, has declared war on justice.
(A) respectability.. codification of
(B) supremacy .. suppression of
(C) autonomy .. accountability to
(D) fairness .. deviation from
(E) responsibility .. prioritization of
4. Despite its ---, the book deals---with a number of
crucial issues.
(A) optimism .. cursorily
(B) importance .. needlessly
(C) virtues .. inadequately
(D) novelty .. strangely
(E) completeness .. thoroughly
5. Although frequent air travelers remain
unconvinced, researchers have found that,
paradoxically, the---disorientation inherent in jet
lag also may yield some mental health---.
(A) temporal.. benefits
(B) acquired.. hazards
(C) somatic .. disorders
(D) random .. deficiencies
(E) typical .. standards
6. Ironically, the proper use of figurative language
must be based on the denotative meaning of the
words, because it is the failure to recognize this---
meaning that leads to mixed metaphors and their
attendant incongruity.
(A) esoteric
(B) literal
(C) latent
(D) allusive
(E) symbolic
7. Although it seems---that there would be a greater
risk of serious automobile accidents in densely
populated areas, such accidents are more likely to
occur in sparsely populated regions.
(A) paradoxical
(B) axiomatic
(C) anomalous
(D) irrelevant
(E) portentous
8. CATASTROPHE: MISHAP::
(A) prediction: recollection
(B) contest: recognition
(C) humiliation: embarrassment
(D) reconciliation: solution
(E) hurdle: challenge
9. SONNET: POET::
(A) stage: actor
(B) orchestra: conductor
(C) music: dancer
(D) canvas: painter
(E) symphony: composer
10. LOQUACIOUS: SUCCINCT::
(A) placid: indolent
(B) vivacious: cheerful
(C) vulgar: offensive
(D) pretentious: sympathetic
(E) adroit: ungainly
11.DEPORTATION:COUNTRY::
(A) evacuation: shelter
(B) abdication: throne
(C) extradition: court
(D) eviction: dwelling
(E) debarkation: destination
12.MAELSTROM:TURBULENT::
(A) stricture: imperative
(B) mirage: illusory
(C) antique: rare
(D) myth: authentic
(E) verdict: fair
13.ABSTEMIOUS: INDULGE::
(A) affectionate: embrace
(B) austere: decorate
(C) articulate: preach
(D) argumentative: harangue
(E) affable: jest
14. BLUSTERING: SPEAK::
(A) grimacing: smile
(B) blinking: stare
(C) slouching: sit
(D) jeering: laugh
(E) swaggering: walk
15. SOLACE: GRIEF::
(A) rebuke: mistake
(B) mortification: passion
(C) encouragement: confidence
(D) justification: action
(E) pacification: anger
16. INDELIBLE: FORGET::
(A) lucid: comprehend
(B) astounding: expect
(C) inconsequential: reduce
(D) incorrigible: agree
(E) fearsome: avoid
Investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have always been
struck by monkeys’ aggressive potential and the con-
sequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior.
Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the
(5) situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms
that control it, were therefore among the first investigations
of monkeys’ social behavior.
Investigators initially believed that monkeys would
compete for any resource in the environment: hungry
(10) monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would
fight over water, and, in general, any time more than one
monkey in a group sought the same incentive simulta
neously, a dispute would result and would be resolved
through some form of aggression. However, the motivating
(15) force of competition for incentives began to be doubted
when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction of
space or the withholding of food failed to produce more
than temporary increases in intragroup aggression. Indeed,
food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but
(20) in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of
aggression.
Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of
extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving
monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging,
(25) with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction.
Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a
variety of primate groups, for example, the study con-
ducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent
stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an
(30) intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result
in far more serious aggression than that produced in any
other types of experiments contrived to produce com-
petition.
These studies of intruders suggest that adult members
(35) of the same species introduced to one another for the first
time show considerable hostility because, in the absence
of a social order, one must be established to control
interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is
introduced into an existing social organization, the
(40) newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in
the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the
second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby
initially excluding the new animal from the existing social
unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals
(45) lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its
attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the
several animals introduced to a group constitute their own
social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a
unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack,
(50) and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged
individual combat. The submission of the defeated group,
rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the
part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity
and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups
(55) therefor see to be organized primarily to maintain
their established social order rather than to engage in
hostilities per se.
17. The author of the passage is primarily concerned
with
(A) advancing a new methodology for changing a
monkey’s social behavior
(B) comparing the methods of several research
studies on aggression among monkeys
(C) explaining the reasons for researchers’ interest
in monkeys’ social behavior
(D) discussing the development of investigators’
theories about aggression among monkeys
(E) examining the effects of competition on
monkeys’ social behavior
18. Which of the following best summarizes the
findings reported in the passage about the effects
of food deprivation on monkeys’ behavior?
(A) Food deprivation has no effect on aggression
among monkeys.
(B) Food deprivation increases aggression among
monkeys because one of the most potent
stimuli for eliciting aggression is the
competition for incentives.
(C) Food deprivation may increase long-term
aggression among monkeys in a laboratory
setting, but it produces only temporary
increases among monkeys in the wild.
(D) Food deprivation may temporarily increase
aggression among monkeys, but it also leads
to a decrease in conflict.
(E) Food deprivation decreases the intensity but
not the frequency of aggressive incidents
among monkey.
19. According to the author, studies such as
Southwick’s had which of the following effects
on investigators theories about monkeys’ social
behavior?
(A) They suggested that existing theories about
the role of aggression among monkeys did not
fully account for the monkeys’ ability to
maintain an established social order.
(B) They confirmed investigators’ theories about
monkeys’ aggressive response to competition
for food and water.
(C) They confirmed investigators’ beliefs about
the motivation for continued aggression
among monkeys in the same social group.
(D) They disproved investigators’ theory that the
introduction of intruders in an organized
monkey group elicits intragroup aggressive
behavior.
(E) They cast doubt on investigators’ theories that
could account for observed patterns of
aggression among monkeys.
20. The passage suggests that investigators of
monkeys social behavior have been especially
interested in aggressive behavior among
monkeys because
(A) aggression is the most common social
behavior among monkeys
(B) successful competition for incentives
determines the social order in a monkey
group
(C) situations that elicit aggressive behavior can
be studied in a laboratory
(D) most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet
they live in social units that could not
function without control of their aggressive
impulses
(E) most monkeys are social, yet they frequently
respond to newcomers entering existing social
units by attacking them
21. It can be inferred from the passage that the establishment and preservation of social order among a group of monkeys is essential in order to
(A) keep the monkeys from straying and joining other groups
(B) control aggressive behavior among group members
(C) prevent the domination of that group by another
(D) protect individuals seeking to become members of that group from mass attack
(E) prevent aggressive competition for incentives between that group and another
22. The passage supplies information to answer
which of the following questions?
(A) How does the reduction of space affect
intragroup aggression among monkeys in an
experimental setting?
(B) Do family units within a monkey social group
compete with other family units for food?
(C) What are the mechanisms by which the social
order of an established group of monkeys
controls aggression within that group?
(D) How do monkeys engaged in aggression with
other monkeys signal submission?
(E) Do monkeys of different species engage in
aggression with each other over food?
23. Which of the following best describes the
organization of the second paragraph?
(A) A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence
is described.
(B) A theory is advanced and specific evidence
supporting it is cited.
(C) Field observations are described and a
conclusion about their significance is drawn.
(D) Two theories are explained and evidence
supporting each of them is detailed.
(E) An explanation of a general principle is stated
and specific examples of its operation are
given.
Analysis of prehistoric air trapped in tiny bubbles
beneath the polar ice sheets and of the composition of ice
surrounding those bubbles suggests a correlation between
carbon dioxide levels in the Earth’s atmosphere and global
(5) temperature over the last 160,000 years. Estimates of global
temperature at the time air in the bubbles was trapped
rely on measuring the relative abundances of hydrogen and
its heavier isotope, deuterium, in the ice surrounding the
bubbles. When global temperatures are relatively low,
(10)water containing deuterium tends to condense and precipi-
tate before reaching the poles; thus, ice deposited at the
poles when the global temperature was cooler contained
relatively less deuterium than ice deposited at warmer
global temperatures. Estimates of global temperature based
(15) on this information, combined with analysis of the carbon
dioxide content of air trapped in ice deep beneath the polar
surface, suggest that during periods of postglacial warming
carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere increased by
approximately 40 percent.
24. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned
with doing which of the following?
(A) Describing a new method of estimating
decreases in global temperature that have
occurred over the last 160,000 years
(B) Describing a method of analysis that provides
information regarding the relation between the
carbon dioxide content of the Earth’s
atmosphere and global temperature
(C) Presenting information that suggests that global
temperature has increased over the last 160,000
years.
(D) Describing the kinds of information that can be
gleaned from a careful analysis of the contents
of sheets
(E) Demonstrating the difficulty of arriving at a
firm conclusion regarding how increases in
the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s
atmosphere affect global temperature
25. It can be inferred from the passage that during
periods of post glacial warming, which of the
following occurred?
(A) The total volume of air trapped in bubbles
beneath the polar ice sheets increased.
(B) The amount of deuterium in ice deposited at
the poles increased.
(C) Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth atmosphere
decreased.
(D) The amount of hydrogen in the Earth’s
atmosphere decreased relatively the amount of
deuterium
(E) The rate at which ice was deposited at the
poles increased
26. The author states that there is evidence to
support which of the following assertions?
(A) Estimates of global temperature that rely on
measurements of deuterium in ice deposited
at the poles are more reliable than those based
on the amount of carbon dioxide contained in
air bubbles beneath the polar surface.
(B) The amount of deuterium in the Earth’s
atmosphere tends to increase as global
temperature decreases.
(C) Periods of post glacial warming are
characterized by the presence of increased
levels of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s
atmosphere.
(D) Increases in global temperature over the last
160,000 years are largely the result of
increases in the ratio of deuterium to
hydrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere.
(E) Increases in global temperature over the last
160,000 years have been accompanied by
decreases in the amount of deuterium in the
ice deposited at the poles.
27. It can be inferred from the passage that the
conclusion stated in the last sentence would need
to be reevaluated if scientists discovered that
which of the following were true?
(A) The amount of deuterium in ice deposited on
the polar surface is significantly greater than
the amount of deuterium in ice located deep
beneath the polar surface.
(B) Both the air bubbles trapped deep beneath the
polar surface and the ice surrounding them
contain relatively low levels of deuterium.
(C) Air bubbles trapped deep beneath the polar
surface and containing relatively high levels of
carbon dioxide are surrounded by ice that
contained relatively low levels of deuterium.
(D) The current level of carbon dioxide in the
Earth’s atmosphere exceeds the level of carbon
dioxide in the prehistoric air trapped beneath
the polar surface.
(E) Increases in the level of carbon dioxide in the
Earth’s atmosphere are accompanied by
increases in the amount of deuterium in the ice
deposited at the poles.
28. CUMBERSOME:
(A) likely to succeed
(B) reasonable to trust
(C) valuable to have
(D) easy to handle
(E) important to know
29. INDUCEMENT:
(A) reproof
(B) deterrent
(C) partiality
(D) distinction
(E) consideration
30. STARTLE：
(A) appease
(B) lull
(C) reconcile
(D) dally
(E) slumber
31. ANOMALY:
(A) derivation from estimates
(B) conformity to norms
(C) return to origins
(D) adaptation to stresses
(E) repression of traits
32. RECIPROCATING:
(A) releasing slowly
(B) calculating approximately
(C) accepting provisionally
(D) moving unidirectionally
(E) mixing thoroughly
33. MOLLYCODDLE:
(A) talk boastfully
(B) flee swiftly
(C) treat harshly
(D) demand suddenly
(E) adjust temporarily
34. SURFEIT:
(A) affirmation
(B) compromise
(C) dexterity
(D) deficiency
(E) languor
35. SANGUINE:
(A) morose
(B) puzzled
(C) gifted
(D) witty
(E) persistent
36. RETROSPECTIVE:
(A) irresolute
(B) hopeful
(C) unencumbered
(D) evanescent
(E) anticipatory
37. ENCOMIUM:
(A) biased evaluation
(B) polite response
(C) vague description
(D) harsh criticism
(E) sorrowful expression
38. FACTIONAL:
(A) excessive
(B) undistinguished
(C) disdainful
(D) disinterested
(E) disparate
SECTION 4
Time—30 minutes
30 Questions
r and s are integers, and r
2. The number of odd inte- The number of even inte-
gers between r and s gers between r and s.
3. x-y x y
4. 10x-x 10
On a drawing done to scale, inch represents 5 feet.5. The number of inches 7.5
on the drawing that
represents 150 feet
6. x 3
y>0
x=3y
7. 20 percent of x 50 percent of y
In a certain order of goods, of the items are shirts costing $18 each and of the items are hats costing $12 each.8. The average (arithmetic $15
mean) cost per item in the
order
9. The area of triangular Twice the area of
region PRS triangular region PQR
xy<0
10. x-y 0
11. The average (arithmetic 1
mean) of andd>0
12. The area of a circular The area of a square
region with diameter region with diagonal
of length d
13. 114. x y
15. (2x 3y) 4x 6xy 9yTEMPERATURES IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
RECORDED AT NOON ON THE FIRST FOUR DAYS OF
CERTAIN MONTHS
|
Month |
Temperatures |
|
January |
32,14,24,28 |
|
April |
45,50,58,47 |
|
June |
76,80,74,79 |
|
August |
84,95,100,89 |
|
November
|
48,43,39,42 |
16. In a set of measurements, the range is defined as
the greatest measurement minus the least
measurement.
According to the table above, during the first four
days of which month was the range of
temperatures at noon the greatest?
(A) January Y
(B) April
(C) June
(D) August
(E) November
17. In the figure above, if QR=4 and PQ=3, then the
(x,y) coordinates of point P are
(A) (-4，4)
(B) (-3,4)
(C) (-3,3)
(D) (-2,3)
(E) (-2,4)
18. If x2=18, then |x|=
(A) -9
(B) 9
19. If y-2x=-6, then 8x-4y=
(A) 24
(B)(C) 0
(D) -(E) -24
20. A car gets 22 miles per gallon using gasoline
costing $1.10 per gallon. What is the
approximate cost, in dollars, for driving the car x
miles using this gasoline?
(A) 0.50x
(B) 0.30x
(C) 0.11x
(D) 0.10x
(E) 0.05x
Questions 21-25 refer to the following table.
POPULATION DATA FOR TEN SELECTED STATES IN 1980 AND 1987
|
State |
Population(in thousands) |
Percent Change in Population, 1980-1987 |
Population Per Square Mile in 1987 | |
|
1908 |
1987 | |||
|
A B C D E F G H I J
|
23, 668 17, 558 14, 229 9, 746 11, 864 11, 427 10, 798 9, 262 7, 365 5, 882 |
27, 663 17, 825 16, 789 12, 023 11, 936 11, 582 10. 784 9, 200 7, 672 6, 413 |
16, 9 1. 5 18. 0 23. 4 0. 6 1. 4 -0. 1 -0. 7 4. 2 9. 0
|
177 372 64 222 266 208 263 162 1, 027 131
|
21. Which of the following states had the most land
area in 1987?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D (E) E
22. In 1987 the average (arithmetic mean)
population of the three most populous of the ten
selected states was most nearly equal to.
(A) 18 million (B) 19 million
(C) 20 million (D) 21 million (E) 22 million
23. If the land area of State J was the same in 1980
as it was in 1987, then the population square
mile of State J in 1980 was most nearly equal to
(A) 140 (B) 130 (C) 120 (D) 110 (E) 100
24. If ranked from highest to lowest according to
population, how many of the ten states changed
in rank from 1980 to 1987?
(A) One (B) Two (C) Three
(D) Four (E) Five
25. Of the following expressions, which represents
the population per square mile of the region
consisting of states B and E in 1987?
26. In the figure above, XYZW is a square with
sides of length s. If YW is the arc of a circle
with center X, which of the following is the area
of the shaded region in terms of s?
27. In a graduating class of 236 students, 142 took
algebra and 121 took chemistry. What is the
greatest number of students that could have
taken both algebra and chemistry?
(A) 21 (B) 27 (C) 37 (D) 121 (E) 142
28. If one number is chosen at random from the first
1,000 positive integers, what is the probability
that the number chosen is multiple of both 2 and
8?
29. The price of product R is 20 percent higher than
the price of product S, which in turn is 30
percent higher than the price of product T. The
price of product R is what percent higher than
the price of product T?
(A) 60% (B) 56% (C) 50% (D) 44% (E) 25%
YX7
6Y
Y7X
30. In the sum above, if X and Y each denote one of
the digits from 0 to 9, inclusive, then X=
(A) 9 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 1 (E) 0
SECTION 5
Time —30 minutes
25 Questions
Questions 1-6
Each of seven worker trainees —F, G, H, J, K, L,
and P—will be assigned to one of four branch
offices: Iowa, Maine, Texas, or Utah. The
assignments will be subject to the following
constraints:
Each office must be assigned at least one trainee.
Utah must be assigned exactly two trainees.
F must be assigned to the same office as K.
L cannot be assigned to the same office as J.
If G is assigned to Utah, P must also be assigned
to Utah.
1. Which of the following is an acceptable
assignment of trainees to offices?
Iowa Maine Texas Utah
(A) G J F, L H, K, P
(B) G, J H, L F, K P
(C) H F, K J, L G, P
(D) L, H F, K J G, P
(E) L, P J F, K G, H
2. If G is assigned to Utah and if both F and H are
assigned to Texas, which of the following lists all
those trainees and only those trainees who will be
assigned to an office in which there is no other
trainee?
(A) J
(B) K
(C) L
(D) J, L
(E) K, L
3. If J is assigned to Utah and H is assigned to
Maine, which of the following must also be
assigned to Utah?
(A) F
(B) G
(C) K
(D) L
(E) P
4. If K is assigned to Utah, each of the following
could be assigned to Maine EXCEPT
(A) F
(B) G
(C) H
(D) L
(E) P
5. If F is assigned to Iowa. L is assigned to Maine,
and G is assigned to Utah, then J must be
assigned to either
(A) Iowa or Maine
(B) Iowa or Texas
(C) Maine or Texas
(D) Maine or Utah
(E) Texas or Utah
6. If J is to be assigned to Texas, G is to be assigned
to Utah, and none of the offices is to be assigned
three trainees, how many acceptable combinations
of assignments are there to select from?
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
(E) Five
