2016年GRE全真模拟试题及答案四-外语试题-考试试题大全

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2016年GRE全真模拟试题及答案四

1. While many Russian composers of the

nineteenth century contributed to an emerging

national style, other composers did not----

idiomatic Russian musical elements, ---- instead

the traditional musical vocabulary of Western

European Romanticism.

(A) utilize ..rejecting

(B) incorporate.. preferring

(D) repudiate.. expanding

(E) esteem.. disdaining

2. Because the painter Albert Pinkham Ryder was

obsessed with his ----perfection, he was rarely

----a painting, creating endless variations of a

scene on one canvas, one on top of another.

(A) quest for.. satisfied with

(B) insistence on .. displeased with

(D) alienation from.. immersed in

(E) need for.. concerned with

3. Objectively set standards can serve as a ----for

physicians, providing them ----unjustified

malpractice claims.

(A) trial.. evidence of

(B) model.. experience with

(D) test.. questions about

(E) safeguard.. protection from

4. In spite of ----reviews in the press, the

production of her play was ----almost certain

oblivion by enthusiastic audiences whose

acumen was greater than that of the critics.

(A) lukewarm.. condemned to

(B) scathing.. exposed to

(D) sensitive.. reduced to

(E) admiring.. insured against

5. The passions of love and pride are often found

in the same individual, but having little in

common, they mutually ----, not to say destroy,

each other.

(A) reinforce

(B) annihilate

(D) weaken

(E) embrace

6. The necessity of establishing discrete categories

for observations frequently leads to attempts to

make absolute ----when there are in reality

only----.

(A) analyses.. hypotheses

(B) correlations.. digressions

(D) complications.. ambiguities

(E) conjectures.. approximations

7. A unique clay disk found at the Minoan site of

Phaistos is often ----as the earliest example of

printing by scholars who have defended its claim

to this status despite equivalent claims put

forward for other printing artifacts.

(A) questioned

(B) overlooked

(D) conceded

(E) dismissed

8. EXEMPT: LIABILITY::

(A) flout: authority

(B) bestow: reward

(D) restrain: disorder

(E) pardon: penalty

免除 : 债务，义务

嘲笑，违抗 : 权威

捐赠 : 奖品，奖金

允许 : 要求

抑制，控制 : 混乱

宽恕 : 惩罚(答案)

*：消除关系。

9. FULL-BODIED: FLAVOR::

(A) penetrating: vision

(B) humorous: character

(D) nostalgic: feeling

(E) resonant: sound

气味浓烈的 : 味道

尖锐的，穿透的 : 视觉

幽默的 : 性格

淫秽的 : 语言

乡思的，怀旧的 : 心情

洪亮的 : 声音(答案)

*：形容词修饰名词。(多一重强力的感觉)

10. LEGACY: PREDECESSOR::

(A) gift: donor

(B) gratuity: service

(D) receipt: customer

(E) loan: collector

遗产 : 前辈

礼品 : 捐赠者(答案)

小费 : 服务

贡献 : 仁慈

收据 : 顾客

贷款 : 收集者

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11. HERO: ADMIRABLE::

(A) critic: capricious

(B) braggart: surly

(D) anarchist: powerful

(E) enemy: immoral

英雄 : 可敬的

批评家 :反复无常的

吹牛者 : 粗暴的，无礼的

古怪的人 : 不遵从传统的

无政府主义者 : 强有力的

敌人 : 不道德的

*：正面特征

12. GALVANIZE: STIMULATE::

(A) agitate: occlude

(B) incubate: humidify

(D) irrigate: flush

(E) purify: amalgamate

通电，激励 : 刺激

鼓动 : 阻塞，防碍

培育 : 使潮湿

使贫瘠，除菌 : 分离

灌溉 : 淹没(答案)

纯化 : 混合

*：正面特征

13. MANIFEST: PERCEIVE::

(A) porous: tear

(B) renovated: improve

(D) brittle: break

(E) elite: qualify

明显的 : 觉察

多孔的 : 撕裂

被改革的 : 提高，改进

可疑的 : 估价

易碎的 : 打碎(容易关系)

精英 : 使合格

*：容易关系

14. LOOSE: CONFINEMENT::

(A) forgive: injury

(B) promulgate: rule

(D) redress: allegation

(E) disengage: independence

释放 : 监禁

原谅 : 伤害

宣传，传播 : 规则

打消错误念头 : 错误观点(答案)

校正 : 指控，断言

使解脱 : 独立

*：消除关系

15. BLANDISHMENT: COAX::

(A) prevarication: deceive

(B) reverie: dream

(D) enticement: impoverish

(E) explanation: mislead

甜言蜜语哄骗 : 哄骗

支吾，说谎 : 欺骗(答案)

幻想曲 : 做梦

说服，劝说 : 强迫

引诱 : 使贫困

解释 : 误导

*：动作及其目的关系。理解成同义词也行。

16. CONVULSION: CONTRACTION::

(A) aggression: attack

(B) sulkiness: punishment

(D) frenzy: emotion

(E) indifference: greeting

痉挛 : 收缩

侵略，进攻 : 打击，进攻(同义词)

阴沉，郁闷 : 惩罚

坚持 : 默许，同意

疯狂 : 激动(答案)

不关心，冷淡 : 问候(反面特征)

*：程度类比(前者是剧烈的后者)

Much of the research on hallucinogenic drugs such

as LSD has focused on the neurotransmitter serotonin,

a chemical that when released from a presynaptic

serotonin-secreting neuron causes the transmission of

(5) a nerve impulse across a synapse to an adjacent

postsynaptic, or target, neuron. There are two major

reasons for this emphasis. First, it was discovered

early on that many of the major hallucinogens have a

molecular structure similar to that of serotonin. In

(10) addition, animal studies of brain neurochemistry

following administration of hallucinogens invariably

reported changes in serotonin levels.

Early investigators correctly reasoned that the

structural similarity to the serotonin molecule might

(15) imply that LSD’s effects are brought about by an

action on the neurotransmission of serotonin in the

brain. Unfortunately, the level of technical expertise

in the field of brain research was such that this

hypothesis had to be tested on peripheral tissue

(20) (tissue outside the brain). Two different groups of

scientists reported that LSD powerfully blockaded

serotonin’s action. Their conclusions were quickly

challenged, however. We now know that the action

of a drug at one site in the body does not necessarily

(25) correspond to the drug’s action at another site,

especially when one site is in the brain and the other

is not.

By the 1960’s, technical advances permitted the

direct testing of the hypothesis that LSD and related

(30) hallucinogens act by directly suppressing the activity

of serotonin-secreting neurons themselves—the so-

called presynaptic hypothesis. Researchers reasoned

that if the hllucinogenic drugs act by suppressing the

activity of serotonin-secreting neurons, then drugs

(35) administered after these neurons had been destroyed

should have no effect on behavior, because the

system would already be maximally suppressed.

Contrary to their expectations, neuron destruction

enhanced the effect of LSD and related hallucinogens

(40) on behavior. Thus, hallucinogenic drugs apparently

do not act directly on serotonin-secreting neurons.

However, these and other available data do support

an alternative hypothesis, that LSD and related drugs

act directly at receptor sites on serotonin target

(45) neurons (the postsynaptic hypothesis). The fact that

LSD elicits “serotonin syndrome” —that is, causes

the same kinds of behaviors as does the adminis-

tration of serotonin—in animals whose brains are

depleted of serotonin indicates that LSD acts directly

(50)on serotonin receptors, rather than indirectly through

the release of stores of serotonin. The enhanced effect

of LSD reported after serotonin depletion could be

due to a proliferation of serotonin receptor sites on

serotonin target neurons. This phenomenon often

(55) follows neuron destruction or neurotransmitter

depletion; the increase in the number of receptor sites

appears to be a compensatory response to decreased

input. Significantly, this hypothesis is supported by

data from a number of different laboratories.

17. According to the passage, which of the

following is one of the primary factors that led

researchers studying hallucinogenic drugs to

focus on serotonin?

(A) The suppression of the activity of serotonin-

secreting neurons by the administration of

hallucinogens

(B) The observed similarities in the chemical

structures of serotonin and hallucinogens

hallucinogens has on serotonin production

in the human brain

(D) Serotonin-induced changes in the effects of

hallucinogens on behavior

(E) Hallucinogen-induced changes in the effects

of serotonin on behavior

18. It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the

presynaptic hypothesis because

(A) a new and more attractive hypothesis was

suggested

(B) no research was reported that supported the

hypothesis

counter the hypothesis

(D) the hypothesis was supported only by

studies of animals and not by studies of

human beings

(E) the level of technical expertise in the field of

brain research did not permit adequate

testing of the hypothesis

19. Which of the following best expresses the main

idea of the passage?

(A) Research has suggested that the

neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for

the effects of hallucinogenic drogs on the

brain and on behavior.

(B) Researchers have spent an inadequate amount

of time developing theories concerning the way

in which the effects of hallucinogenic drugs occur.

hallucinogenic drugs create their effects by

acting on the serotonin receptor sites located

on target neurons in the brain.

(D) Researchers have recently made valuable

discoveries concerning the effects of

depleting the amount of serotonin in the

brain.

(E) Researchers have concluded that hallucinogenic

drugs suppress the activity of serotonin-secreting

neurons.

20. The research described in the passage is

primarily concerned with answering which of

the following questions?

(A) How can researchers control the effects that

LSD has on behavior?

(B) How are animals’ reactions to LSD different

from those of human beings?

human behavior?

(D) What technical advances would permit

researchers to predict more accurately the

effects of LSD on behavior?

(E) What relationship does the suppression of

neuron activity have to the occurrence of

“serotonin syndrome”?

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21. Which of the following best defines “serotonin

syndrome” (line 46) as the term is used in the

passage?

(A) The series of behaviors, usually associated

with the administration of serotonin, that also

occurs when LSD is administered to animals

whose brains are depleted of serotonin

(B) The series of behaviors, usually associated

with the administration of LSD, that also

occurs when the amount of serotonin in the

brain is reduced

that results from the destruction of serotonin-

secreting neurons

(D) The release of stores of serotonin from

serotonin-secreting neurons in the brain

(E) The proliferation of serotonin receptor sites

that follows depletion of serotonin supplies in

the brain

22. Which of the following best describes the

organization of the argument that the author of

the passage presents in the last two paragraphs?

(A) Two approaches to testing a hypothesis are

described, and the greater merits of one

approach are indicated.

(B) The assumptions underlying two hypotheses

are outlined, and evidence for and against

each hypothesis is discussed.

concerning its occurrence are considered and

rejected.

(D) The reasoning behind a hypothesis is

summarized, evidence supporting the

hypothesis is presented, and research that

counters the supporting evidence is

described.

(E) A hypothesis is discussed, evidence

undermining the hypothesis is revealed, and a

further hypothesis based on the undermining

evidence is explained

23. The author’s attitude toward early researchers’

reasoning concerning the implications of

similarities in the structures of serotonin and

LSD molecules can best be described as one of

(A) complete agreeement

(B) reluctant support

(D) irreverent dismissal

(E) strong opposition

When literary periods are defined on the basis of

men’s writing, women’s writing must be forcibly

assimilated into an irrelevant grid: a Renaissance that

is not a renaissance for women, a Romantic period in

(5) which women played very little part, a modernism

with which women conflict. Simultaneously, the

history of women’s writing has been suppressed,

leaving large, mysterious gaps in accounts of the

development of various genres. Feminist criticism is

(10) beginning to correct this situation. Margaret Anne

Doody, for example, suggests that during “the period

between the death of Richardson and the appearance

of the novels of Scott and Austen,” which has “been

regarded as a dead period.” Late-eighteenth-century

(15) women writers actually developed “the paradigm

for women’s fiction of the nineteenth century—

something hardly less than the paradigm of the

nineteenth-century novel itself.” Feminist critics have

also pointed out that the twentieth-century writer

(20) Virginia Woolf belonged to a tradition other than

modernism and that this tradition surfaces in her

work precisely where criticism has hitherto found

obscurities, evasions, implausibilities, and

Imperfections.

24. It can be inferred from the passage that the

author views the division of literature into

periods based on men’s writing as an approach

that

(A) makes distinctions among literary periods

ambiguous

(B) is appropriate for evaluating only premodern

literature

feminist criticism

(D) provides a valuable basis from which

feminist criticism has evolved

(E) obscures women’s contributions to literature

25. The passage suggests which of the following

about Virginia Woolf’s work?

Ⅰ. Nonfeminist criticism of it has been flawed.

Ⅱ. Critics have treated it as part of modernism.

Ⅲ. It is based on the work of late-eighteenth-

century women writers.

(A) Ⅰonly

(B) Ⅱonly

(D) Ⅱand Ⅲ only

(E) Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲ

26. The author quotes Doody most probably in order

to illustrate

(A) a contribution that feminist criticism can

make to literary criticism

(B) a modernist approach that conflicts with

women’s writing

been ignored

(D) the hitherto overlooked significance of Scott’s

and Austen’s novels

(E) a standard system of defining literary periods

27. The passage provides information that answers

which of the following questions?

(A) In what tradition do feminist critics usually

place Virginia Woolf?

(B) What are the main themes of women’s fiction

of the nineteenth century?

reinterpretation of literary history?

(D) How has the period between Richardson’s

death and Scott’s and Ansten’s novels

traditionally been regarded by critics?

(E) How was the development of the nineteenth-

century novel affected by women’s fiction in

the same century?

28. GROUNDED:

(A) attendant

(B) flawless

(D) aloft

(E) noteworthy

29. DISCHARGE:

(A) retreat

(B) hire

(D) circulate

(E) pause

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30. INTERMITTENT:

(A) compatible

(B) constant

(D) unadulterated

(E) indispensable

31. APT:

(A) exceptionally ornate

(B) patently absurd

(D) extremely inappropriate

(E) fundamentally insensitive

32. JUSTIFY:

(A) misjudge

(B) ponder

(D) argue against

(E) select from

33. TEDIOUS:

(A) intricate

(B) straightforward

(D) entertaining

(E) prominent

34. INTEGRAL:

(A) profuse

(B) superfluous

(D) neutral

(E) displaced

35. COWED:

(A) unencumbered

(B) untired

(D) unworried

(E) undaunted

36. CONCORD:

(A) continuance

(B) severance

(D) complex relationship

(E) unrealistic hypothesis

37. FRIABLE：

(A) substantial

(B) inflexible

(D) slow to accelerate

(E) not easily crumbled

38. DERACINATE:

(A) illuminate

(B) quench

(D) polish

(E) plant

2016年GRE全真模拟试题及答案四

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