Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, and persistence in spite of mistakes.

(A) Facts

(B) Controls

(C) Hunches

(D) Deductions

(E) Calculations

Answer: C

Fact事实，control控制、对照组，hunch直觉，deduction减去、演绎，calculation计算。

翻译：和流行的观念-科学是被清醒的客观所推动的-相反，科学总是运作在错误、令人愉快的意外事件、直觉和顽固的坚持错误中。

Unlike a judge, who must act alone, a jury discusses a case and then reaches its decision as a group, thus minimizing the effect of bias.

(A) Legal

(B) Professional

(C) Individual

(D) Unexpected

(E) Unarticulated

Answer: C

Legal法律的，professional专业的，individual个人的，unexpected不期望的，unarticulated表达不清的。

翻译：陪审团与法官不一样，法官必须单独行动，而陪审团则是以团体的形式来探究某一案例，并最终得出其结论，从而将个人偏见所致的后果降低到最低程度。

Before the Second World War, academics still questioned whether the body of literature produced in the United States truly constituted a literature, or whether such literature was only a provincial branch of English literature.

(A) Local

(B) National

(C) Historical

(D) Good

(E) Meaningful

Answer: B

Local当地的，national国家的，historical历史的，good好的，meaningful有意义的。

翻译：二战之前，学者们仍然怀疑在美国所产生的文学是否真正地构成了一种民族文学，或者这种文学只不过是一种英国文学的地方分支而已。

In response to the follies of today’s commercial and political worlds, the author does not express inflamed indignation, but rather the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.

(A) Rails at

(B) Avoids

(C) Suppress

(D) Affects

(E) Spurns

Answer: D

Indignation愤慨。Aphoristic警句的。Detachment超然。

Rail栏杆、铁轨、咒骂、指责，avoid避免，suppress镇压、压制，affect影响、感动、伪装，spurn摒弃。

翻译：对今天政界和商界的愚蠢行为作出了反应，这位作者并没有表达出火冒三丈的愤慨，而是模仿了一位世纪哲人的超然冷静的态度和刘畅的格言式的文句。

Although a few delegates gave the opposition’s suggestions a vitriolic response, most greeted the statement of a counterposition with .

(A) Dispiritedness

(B) Reluctance

(C) Resentment

(D) Composure

(E) Civility

Answer: E

Dispirited沮丧的，reluctant不情愿的，resent愤怒，composure沉着冷静，civil文明的。

翻译：尽管一些代表给了反方的建议一个尖刻的回答，大多数代表用文明礼貌的方式对待反方的陈述。