P1
Hydrogeology is a science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on the surface of the land, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere. The term "geohydrology" is sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for "hydrogeology".
Geohydrology is concerned with underground water.
There are many formations that contain water but are not part of the hydrologic cycle because of geologic changes that have isolated them underground.
These systems are properly termed geohydrologic but not hydrogeologic.
Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic. (107 words)
1. It can be inferred that which of the following is most likely to be the subject of study by a geohydrologist?
(A) Soft, porous rock being worn away by a waterfall
(B) Water depositing minerals on the banks of a gorge through which the water runs
(C) The trapping of water in a sealed underground rock cavern through the action of an earthquake
(D) Water becoming unfit to drink through the release of pollutants into it from a manufacturing plant
(E) The changing course of a river channel as the action of the water wears away the rocks past which the river flows
2. The author refers to "many formations" primarily in order to
(A) clarify a distinction
(B) introduce a subject
(C) draw an analogy
(D) emphasize a similarity
(E) resolve a conflict
P1
1
Hydrogeology is a science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on the surface of the land, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere.
水文学 HG 是一门研究地表上，土层中，岩层下和大气中的水体的特性，分布及循环的科学。
2
The term "geohydrology" is sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for "hydrogeology".
“地质水文学” GH 这个术语有时被错误地当作 “水文学” HG 的同义词。
3
Geohydrology is concerned with underground water.
地质水文学 GH 关注的是地下水。
4
There are many formations that contain water but are not part of the hydrologic cycle because of geologic changes that have isolated them underground.
很多情况下，地质变迁把一些水体隔绝地下，不参与水循环。
5
These systems are properly termed geohydrologic but not hydrogeologic.
这些水系就是地质水文学 GH 的研究对象，而与水文学 HG 无关。
6
Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic. (107 words)
只有当一个水系统的边界允许它内部的水参与水循环时，整个系统才应该被称为水文学 HG 的。
(
算个长句，也许需要我们支付一点耐心。
only when 引导了一个从句作为状语，“只有……的时候”，直到 cycle 是从句结束;后面的主句因为 only when 的前置发生了倒装，助动词 may 被提前，正常的语序是 The entire system may properly be termed Hgic only when bla bla bla…
1. It can be inferred that which of the following is most likely to be the subject of study by a geohydrologist?
(A) Soft, porous rock being worn away by a waterfall
(B) Water depositing minerals on the banks of a gorge through which the water runs
(C) The trapping of water in a sealed underground rock cavern through the action of an earthquake
(D) Water becoming unfit to drink through the release of pollutants into it from a manufacturing plant
(E) The changing course of a river channel as the action of the water wears away the rocks past which the river flows
选C
根据文中的信息推断，一个地质水文学家最可能是研究啥的。
句 3，4，5 明确地告诉我们 geohydrology 是研究不参与整个水循环的，某种封闭的地质结构内部的水的，根据这样的条件，选 C ，“因地震封闭在地下洞穴中的水”。
2. The author refers to "many formations" primarily in order to
(A) clarify a distinction
(B) introduce a subject
(C) draw an analogy
(D) emphasize a similarity
(E) resolve a conflict
选A
formation 形式，结构，虽然没有具体的修饰成分，但我们可以推断，应该是指一些地质结构，这些地质结构封闭了一些水使其不能进入地球的水循环圈。
作者提到 many formations 是为了界定 hydrogeology 与 geohydrology 的研究对象的区别，所以选 A 。
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