现代社会的很多问题是法律和立法系统无法解决的，因为道德行为是无法用法律约束的。

I agree with this assertion insofar as it relates to constraints on certain personal freedoms. However, when it comes to the conduct of business, I think that moral behavior not only can but must be legislated for the purpose of alleviating societal problems.

1. Morality laws that impinge upon freedom of choice about our personal lives—to control what we do with and to ourselves—simply do not work in a democratic society.

2. Morality laws impinging on personal freedoms are not made any more useful or effective by purporting to serve the greater good of society, because on balance their costs far outweigh their benefits.

3. In sharp contrast to personal behavior, the behavior of businesses can and must be controlled through legislation.

道德和法律

学生和学者们在诠释学术研究对象时使用的方法更多的是一种个性化(因人而异)而非一种培训(模式化)。不同的诠释来自于具有不同个性的人在看待相同的目标、事实、数据或者事件的时候以及他们在看待不同事情的时候。

Disagree: The key factor in their interpretation is a person’s training and educational background, rather than personality.

1. Assuming that by personality the speaker embraces such personal attributes as individual temperament, disposition and general mood, and outlook, it seems to me that personality has little bearing on how students and scholars interpret the materials with which they work.

2. In sharp contrast, one’s educational background and training can serve as a strong influence on how one interprets historical events involving human affairs, statistical data, and especially art.

3. Educational training and background also affects how students and scholars interpret seemingly objective statistical data.

4. Finally, when it comes to how students and scholars interpret art, training and educational background play an especially significant role.

个体和整体之学术方法论