学生们在记忆知识的时候应该先学习有助于解释那些知识的理念、潮流和概念。仅仅死学知识的学生是学不到什么东西的。

1. If we learn only facts, we learn very little.

2. Postponing the memorization of facts until after one learns ideas and concepts holds certain advantages.

3. Conceding that students must learn ideas and concepts, as well as facts relating to them, in order to learning anything meaningful, I nevertheless disagree that the former should always precede the latter.

4. The speaker misunderstands the process by which we learn ideas and concepts, and by which we develop new ones.

5. Strict adherence to the speaker’s advice would surely lead to ill-conceived ideas, concepts and theories.

局部和整体之触类旁通

由于学习不是一种孤立的行为而是需要人们之间合作的，所以各种年龄的学生如果经常小组学习的话就会在学术上受益匪浅。

Agree

1. Younger students may learn patience, tact, experience and deliberation from elder ones.

2. Senior students may absorb inspiration, vigor, ambition, and enthusiasm from junior ones.

3. Teamwork spirit is crucial for student’s career success.

少数和多数之学习小组

通过书本获得的知识要比通过直接体验获得的知识要更加丰富和广泛。

The statement oversimplifies the issue of learning.

1. The knowledge to be gained from books is important in that it transcends the limitation of personal experience both in time and in space.

2. However, there is high likelihood that book knowledge may not apply to the particular situation one faces here and now.

3. Therefore, it is always necessary to test the knowledge gained from books through practice.

直接经验和间接经验