汉语主从复句的译法
(一)时间关系
汉语中表示时间关系的常用关联词有:一…就、正、刚…就…,等等。翻译时相应的英语词语是:as soon as、hardly(scarcely)…when、no sooner…than、while,等等。
1. 计算机刚一启动,就发现有病毒。
Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found.
或:The computer had hardly started when viruses were found.
(译成英语主从句,用hardly…when表示时间关系。在翻译时,when前面的动词用过去完成时,后面的用过去时。如果要强调“刚一…就…”,应将hardly置于句首,主句中动词必须倒装。no sooner…than…的用法与其相同。)
2. 我正在为解不开那道数学题发楞时,李老师来到我身边。
Mr. Li came up to me while I was staring blankly at that hard-to-solve mathematical problem.
(译成英语主从句,用while表示时间关系。)
(二)假设关系
汉语中表示假设关系的常用关联词有:如果、假如、即使(哪怕)…也,等等,翻译时一般用英语的if、even if、supposing that等词语译出。
1. 如果没有宇宙飞船,人类就不可能飞向太空。
If there had been no space ships,it would have been impossible for human beings to fly into space.
(将原文译成英语主从句,假设关系在译文中通过if和主句、从句中动词的虚拟语气来表达。)
2. 即使要卖掉我的房子,我还是要继续我的事业。
Even if I have to sell my house,I’ll keep my business going.
(译成英语主从句,用具有强烈假定性的even if 引导表假设的从句。)
