结尾段:
In conclusion, to sum up
all in all, on the whole, simply put, in one word, obviously, understandably, accordingly
结尾段包含因素:
Concession (C)
Reprise of the core statement (P) 复述核心观点
Explanation (E)
反证 (D)
Possible combinations
P E/ P D/ D P
C D P/ D C P/D P E, etc
D C P E/ E C P D, etc
论证结构(结合PNW使用)
comparison
reasoning
solution
claim
(1) Comparison
标志:more…than, less…than
A rather than B (A>B)
Instead of B, A (A>B)
审题:确定A,B双方;题目倾向
论证思路:①DCDRE
②分析 Positive vs Negative: 分析A和B的政府优劣
③Comparability(少):可能性
e.g. 讲义P13 ~227
A: existing social problems
( ) The solving of some existing problems is urgent and critical for the survival of a society. (Reason: Importance/ Necessity)
Example: unemployment, CPI, The Global Financial Crisis of late 2008, stock market crashes and bank bailouts
(-) Overemphasis of some existing problems could cause harmful effects.
(Effect) 负面观点若推不出来,可把其想极端些
Example: real estate; Economic Reform of China
B: long term research
( ) The investment for long-term research is of great importance for the development
Example: education, sustainable development, Environmental protection
Infrastructure construction 基础设施建设
Transportation, Energy, National defense 国防
(-) The consequences of some research are controversial/ unclear (Domain/ Effect)
Example: cloning, genetic engineering → moral/ ethics 伦理道德 (work ethics, family, ethics/ social ethics)
