1. Lacking more specific[1] information about how these other employees responded, it is impossible to assess the reliability[2] of the survey’s results or to make an informed recommendation.

出处：

结构：Lacking (absent) more specific information about … it is impossible to assess (evaluate) …

翻译：在没有更详细的资料表明其他雇员是如何回答的情况下，(我们)无法评估调查结果的可信度，也无法做出明智的建议。

2. The editorial fails to take into account possible differences between East and West Cambria that are relevant to how drivers react to speed-limit changes.

出处：

结构：1) … fails to take into account[3] possible differences between A and B …

2) A is relevant to B.

翻译：该社论没有考虑到东西Cambria之间的差别，这种差别与(不同地方的)司机如何应对限速方面的变化有关。

[1] Specific: 明确的，具体的，如：有明确的目标(have a specific aim);同时它的动词形式specify(具体说明)在Argument中也经常地用到，如本句也可以改为：Lacking information specifying how these other employees responded …

[2] Reliability: 来自于形容词reliable(都经常在Argument中用到，如：This survey is not statistically reliable.)，另外记住它的动词形式“rely on”

[3] 与后面的第15、16句一起看。