adumbrate  

 【考法1】vt.  部分地或有保留地揭露：to disclose partially or guardedly.

 【例】adumbrate a plan     透露計畫

 【反】revelation       完全顯示

 【考法2】vt.  預示著：to give a slight indication of beforehand

 【例】The strife in Bloody Kansas adumbrated the civil war that would follow. 發生在堪薩斯州的流血衝突預

示了之後的南北內戰的爆發。

 【近】forerun, harbinger, herald, prefigure

adventitious  

 【考法1】adj.  外來的，後天的：coming from another source and not inherent or innate

 【例】Moral considerations are adventitious to the study of art. 道德的考量對於藝術研究來說是不必要的。

 【近】alien, extraneous, external, foreign, supervenient

 【反】constitutional, essential, intrinsic, inborn, inbred, innate, inherent 天生的

adversary  

 【考法1】n.  敵手，對手：one that contends with, opposes, or resists : enemy

 【例】political adversary  政敵

 【近】antagonist, foe, opponent

 【反】ally, amigo, friend  聯盟，朋友

advert  

 【考法1】vi.     引起注意；提到：to call attention; refer:

 【例】He adverted to the problem in the opening paragraph.   他開門見山地引出了問題。

 【派】advertent a    留意的

 【反】inattentive, remiss, heedless, negligent  疏忽的

advocate  

 【考法1】vt.  支持，提倡：to speak, plead, or argue in favor of; support

 【例】advocates traditional teaching methods    提倡傳統教學方法

 【近】back, champion, endorse, patronize

 【反】impunge  提出異議