1 People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.

人们在从事危险活动之前应该认真地考虑一下后果。

2 Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.

领导者主要是由身负的责任所造就的。

3 There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.

特别是考虑到花费代价和精力，对于任何社会，投入巨大的努力拯救濒危的动植物是不合理的。

4 The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.

人类智慧终将优于机器，因为机器只是人类智慧的工具。

5 Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.

每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，违抗不公平的法律。

6 People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.

对于一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。

7 Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being.

Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.

有些人认为，社会应该拯救所有濒危的动植物，尽管花费人类的精力、时间和资金。也有人认为，社会没有必要拯救濒危物种，

特别是需要花费大量的资金和精力。

8 Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit.

Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.

有些人认为教育的目的是解放思维和精神。也有人认为正规教育往往遏制学生的思维和精神，而不是解放它们。

9 Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.

有些人认为zz领导向大众隐瞒信息是有必要的，甚至是有益的。也有人认为公众有知情权利。

10 Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s major field of study.

Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.

结论：大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。

原因：接受真正的教育的最佳途径是获得各种学科知识。