List 1 abandon-----align
abacus [5AbEkEs] n. 算盘(frame with balls for calculating)
(类)abacus·calculated=balance·weighted 算盘·计算=天平·称量(工具及其作用)
abacus·calculate=sextant·navigate算盘·计算=六分仪·航海(工具及其作用)
abandon [E5bAndEn] vt. 放弃(to give up without intent to return)n. 放任，放纵
(类)abandon·inhibition=voluble·terseness 放纵·压抑=罗嗦的·简洁(反义)
abandon·inhibition=conscious·numbness 放任·压抑=有意识的·麻木(反义)
abandon·inhibition=tranquility·agitation 放纵·压抑=冷静·激动(反义)
abandon·inhibition=despair·hope 放纵·压抑=绝望·希望(反义)
(反)salvage ◆ abandon 救助 ◆ 放弃(to withdraw one’s support or help from)
(例)He abandoned himself to despair. 他自暴自弃。
abase [E5beIs] v. 贬低降低地位、威望或尊严(to lower in rank, prestige, or esteem)
(类)abase·prestige=damp·ardor 降低·声望=抑制·热情 (动作及其相关对象)
abase·status=shorten·length 降低·地位=缩短·长度 (动作及其相关对象)
curtail·duration=abase·strength 缩减·持续时间=降低·力量 (动作及其相关对象)
(记)a base(降低)→贬低 (同)bemean, degrade, demean, humiliate
(例)A man who betrays a friend abases himself. 叛友者实为自贬身份。
abash [E5bAF] vt. 使不安，使愧疚(to destroy the self-possession沉着 or self-confidence of)
(类)unabashed·embarrassment=unheralded·announcement
不知羞耻的·局促不安=未预告的·宣告(反义)
【注：unabashed：not abashed 意思是不知羞耻的。同undisguised, unapologetic, brazen,
shameless, barefaced, blatant, brassy, brazenfaced, impudent, overbold, unblushing】
(反)embolden ◆ abash/ faze 使大胆 ◆ 使不安/ 使狼狈
(同)confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, faze
(记)bash联想：bath洗澡→在别人面前洗澡是令人害羞的
abate [E5beIt] v. 减轻，减低(to reduce in degree or intensity)
(类)abate·tax=alleviate·distress 减轻·税=减轻·压力(动作与其相关对象)
abate·force=fade·loudness 减轻·力量=减弱·声音(动作与其相关对象)
abate·intensity=taper·width 减轻·强度=逐渐变细·宽(动作与其相关对象)
abate·degree=discount·price 减轻·程度=减价·价格(动作与其相关对象)
(反)intensify 强化 promote促进 augment 增加 increase in intensity 剧烈增长
(例)the storm abated slowly 暴风雨逐渐减弱。
(同)lull, moderate, relent, slacken, subside, wane
(记)ab(否定) ate(吃)联想：不吃是为了减轻体重。
abbreviate [E5bri:vIeIt] v. 缩写，缩短,(to make briefer)
(类)abridge·word=abbreviate·letter
删减·词语=简化·文字(动作及其相关对象)
abbreviation·sentence=synopsis·narrative
句子缩写·句子=叙述摘要·叙述(动作及其相关对象)
abbreviation·sentence=abridgment·essay
句子缩写·句子=文章删节·文章(动作及其相关对象)
(反)extend 扩增 protract 延长 (同)abridge, curtail, cut,retrench, slash
(例)to abbreviate the December to Dec 把December 简写为 Dec
abdicate [5AbdIkeIt] v. 让位，放弃(to relinquish formally)
(类)abdicate·throne=recant·belief让位·王位=放弃信仰·信仰(动作及其相关对象)
(反)abdicate ◆ constitute 让位 ◆ 任命
abdicate ◆ assume 放弃 ◆ 采纳
abdicate ◆ usurp 让位 ◆ 篡位
(记)ab dic(说话，命令) ate 联想：不再命令→退位
(同)discard, shed,slough, renounce, resign
abdomen [5AbdEmEn] n. 腹，下腹(stomach and bowels)
aberrant [A5berEnt] adj. 异常的，非常规的(deviating from the usual or natural type)
(类)aberrant·standard=digressive·topic 异常的·标准=离题的·主题
(反)aberrant ◆ normal 异常的 ◆ 正常的
(记)ab err(=error错误) ant→走向错误→越轨的
(同)anomalous, atypical, deviant
(例)a rocket on an aberrant course 逸出轨道的火箭
abet [E5bet] v. 帮助、支持、怂恿(to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose)
(类)abet·assistance=counsel·guidance 协助·帮助=顾问·指导(同义)
abet·encouragement=elucidate·clarity 协助·鼓励=阐明·清晰(行为及其结果)
(反)stymie;frustrate;obstruct;thwart;impede;forestall(阻挠)
(记)联想：因为一个赌，所以要帮助
(例)abetted the thief in robbing the bank. 怂恿盗贼抢劫银行
abeyance [E5beIEns] n. 中止，暂停，搁置(temporary inactivity)
(反)abeyance ◆ continuance 暂停 ◆ 继续
abeyance ◆ fulfillment 中止 ◆ 施行
(同)doldrums,latency, quiescence, suspension
(记)abey=obey 遵守。联想：遵守停火(暂停)协议。
(例)The law go into abeyance. 这项法律停止生效。
abhor [Eb5hC:] vt. 憎恶，痛恨(to regard with extreme repugnance)
(类)abhorrence·dislike=adoration·fondness 厌恶·不喜欢=崇拜·爱(程度)
(反)abhor ◆ greatly admire 痛恨 ◆ 非常崇拜
(记)ab hor(恨,怕) 参考：horrible 可怕的
(同)detest, execrate, loathe, contemn, disdain
abiding [E5baIdIN] adj. 永久的，持久的(to remain stable or fixed in a state)
(反)evanescent;ephemeral(短暂的)
(同)enduring, firm, steadfast, steady
(记)来自abide容忍 联想：能忍的人能够持久地做一件事
(例)an abiding love of music. 对音乐持久的爱好an abiding friendship 永恒的友谊
abject [5AbdVekt] adj. 卑微的;精神不振的(cast down in spirit)
(反)exultant(得意洋洋的) spirited(生气勃勃地) exciting(兴奋的)
(记)ab ject(抛扔)→抛掉的→可怜的，精神不振的 参考：reject拒绝，丢弃;project投射
(例)He was made abject by suffering他被痛苦折磨得无精打采。
abjure [Ab5dVJE] v. 发誓放弃(renounce upon oath)
(反)affirm 肯定 espouse支持 embrace支持(干扰：insist)
(记)ab jure(发誓)→发誓不要 参考：jury 陪审团perjury 伪证adjure恳请 conjure 恳求
(例)He abjured the errors of his former faith他发誓放弃以前信念的错误。
ablution n. 洗澡;洗礼(a washing of the body, especially as part of a religious rite)
(记)词根：lut(洗)参考：dilute 稀释;另类记忆：参看pollution 联想：被污染所以要洗干净。
abnegation [5AbnI^eIFn] v. 放弃，自我牺牲(renunciation;self-sacrifice)
(反)abnegate ◆ reaffirm 放弃 ◆ 重新肯定
(记)neg(反对，否认)→放弃; 参考：negative(消极的)renege(背信，否认)
abolition [E5bRlIFn] n. 废除，废除奴隶制
(类)anarchist·government=abolitionist·slavery
无政府主义者反政府=废奴主义者反奴隶制
(反)abolition ◆ persist in slavery 废除奴隶制 ◆ 坚持奴隶制
(记)参考：abolish(废除) abolish ◆ establish 废除 ◆ 建立
abominate [ E5bCmineit ] v. 憎恶(to hate or loathe intensely)
(反)abominate ◆ esteem 憎恶 ◆ 尊敬
(同)abhor, detest, execrate, loathe
(记)ab omin(=词根：omen 预兆)→不好的兆头→憎恶;参考：ominous：预兆的，恶兆的
另类记忆：bomb(炸弹)联想：人们都很憎恶炸弹。
aboriginal [ 7AbE5ridVEnEl ] adj.土著的, 原来的n.土著居民
(记)ori(=起源，升起)参考：origin起源oriental东方的
abortive [E5bC:tiv] adj. 早产的, 流产的, 失败的(failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless)
(例)We had to abandon our abortive attempts. 我们不得不放弃我们失败的尝试。
(记)Abort，Retry，Fail?异常中断，重试，失败?计算机上经常出现的提示
abound [E5baund] vi. 多, 大量存在, 富于, 充满(to be great in number or amount)
aboveboard adj. 无欺诈的(free from all traces of deceit)adv. 光明磊落地(forthright，straight)
(反)surreptitious ◆ barefaced/ aboveboard 暗中的 ◆ 公然的/ 无欺诈的
chicanery ◆ aboveboard action 欺诈 ◆ 光明磊落
abrade [E5breiVEn] v. 磨损(to rub or wear away especially by friction：erode)
(类)abraded·friction=vaporized·heat 磨损由于摩擦=蒸发由于加热
(反)abrade ◆ augment 磨损 ◆ 增加
(同)corrade, erode, gall, graze, rub, ruffle, wear
abreast [ E5brest ] adv 并排地，齐头并进的，比肩的(up to a particular standard or level)
(例)keeps abreast of the latest trends 与最新的潮流齐头并进。
(记)a breast 胸
abridge [E5brIdV] v. 删减，缩短，压缩(to reduce the length of a written text;condense)
(反)condensed ◆ unabridged 浓缩的 ◆ 未压缩的
(反)amplify(扩大) extend in length;protract(延长)
(记)参考：abbreviate缩写;brief简报
(例)The rights of citizens must not be abridged. 公民权利不能擅予削减。
abrogate [5AbrEJ^eIt] v. 废除(法令等);取消(to abolish by authoritative action)
(反)embrace支持 uphold支持 institute创立
(记)ab(否定) rog(问) ate→不再值得过问→干脆取消;参考：interrogate(审问)
(例)This custom was abrogated years ago. 这一惯例多年前业已废除。
abrupt [E5brQpt ] adj. 突然的, 陡峭的, 生硬的(unexpectedly sudden)
(记)rupt折断 参考：rupture 破裂，裂开bankrupt破产corrupt v. 腐败，堕落
abscission [Ab5siFn] v. 切断
(反)abscission ◆ process of grafting 切断 ◆ 嫁接
abscond [Ab5skRnd] v. 潜逃(to depart secretly and hide oneself)
(类)abscond·leave=(steal/ pilfer)·take 潜逃·离开=偷·拿(偷偷与正常)
abscond·depart=secrete·store=lurk·wait 潜逃·离开=隐藏·储藏=埋伏·等待
scheme·plot =follow·shadow=leave·abscond 策划·阴谋=跟随·尾随=离开·潜逃
(记)abs(离开) cond(隐藏) 参考：recondite(深奥的)condiment (调味品)
absentminded adj.心不在焉的，茫然的
absolute [5AbsElu:t] v. 绝对的，无限制的(complete;totally unlimited;certain)
(类)inevitable·chance=absolute·variability不可避免不会偶然=绝对不会改变(反面特征)
(反)absolute ◆ qualified 绝对的 ◆ 有限制的
absolve [Eb5zRlv] v. 赦免;使无罪(to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt)
(类)exculpatory·absolve=motivational·stir=hortative·encourage
辩解的·赦免=激发的·煽动=劝告的·鼓励(目的)
(反)inculpate 治罪 indict起诉
(记)ab solve(解决) 联想：问题解决→无罪赦免 参考：solvent(可溶解的)
(同)exempt, discharge, dispense, excuse, relieve
(例)They agree to absolve us from our obligation. 他们同意免除我们的责任。
absorb [ Eb5sC:b ] vt. 吸收, 吸引;对光线吸收(不反射)
(反)exude流出;dissipate驱散 reflect反射
abstain [Eb5stein] v. 主动戒绝，自我抑制 (to refrain from something by one’s own choice)
(类)mandatory·comply=forbidden·abstain 强制的·服从=禁止的·戒除(前者要求后者)
(记)ab(否定) stain(污点) 联想：不要污点→主动戒绝坏毛病
(例)abstain from traditional political rhetoric. 避开不用传统的zz修辞
abstemious [Ab5sti:mIEs] adj. 有节制的(restraint especially in the consumption of food)
(类)reticent·talk=abstemious·gorge 沉默寡言的很少谈论=节制的不贪吃
(类)abstemious·indulge=austere·decorate有节制的不放纵=简朴的不修饰(反面特征)
参考：timeworn·novelty=convolution·simplicity 陈旧·新颖=复杂·简单(反义)
【干扰：austere·decorate】(注意反面特征关系与反义关系的不同)
(反)abstemious ◆ indulgent 节制的 ◆ 放纵的
abstract [5AbstrAkt] vt. 1. 摘要，提炼, 抽象化 2. 心不在焉
(反)abstract ◆ elaborate 提炼 ◆ 使复杂
abstraction ◆ attention 心不在焉 ◆ 关注
(记)abs tract(往外拉)联想：摘出 参考：tractor 拖拉机 retract 撤回，收回
abstruse [Eb5stru:s] adj. 深奥的(difficult to comprehend;recondite)
(类)abstruse·comprehension=indiscernible·vision 深奥的·理解=看不见的·显现(难以)
(反)accessible(可了解的)patent(明显的)
(记)abs(不) trus(进入，推)→不能进入→深奥的 参考：protrusion伸出 intrusion侵扰
truss (支架：起到支撑，推一把的作用)
(例)Your statement is a bit too abstruse. 你的话很难理解。
absurb [ Eb5sE:d ] adj.荒谬的, 荒唐可笑的(insane，loony;preposterous)
(反)rational 理性的sensible有判断力的
abundant [E5bQndEnt] adj. 丰富的，盛产，富于
(反)infrequent, rare, uncommon; inadequate, scanty , scarce
abuse [E5bju:s] v. 辱骂，毁谤(to attack in words;revile)滥用，虐待
(类)declamation·grandiloquence=diatribe·abuse 雄辩·夸夸其谈=恶骂·辱骂(同义)
【注】grandiloquence：a pompous style in language;declaim：to speak pompously
(类)polemic·disputatious=invective·abusive 好争论的·好争辩的=漫骂的·辱骂的(同义)
diatribe·abuse=burlesque·mockery 恶骂·辱骂=讽刺的嘲笑·嘲笑(同义)
(例)verbal abuse. 污言秽语 to abuse a privilege 滥用特权 to abuse a horse虐待一匹马
(记)ab(表否定) use(用)不怎么好好用→滥用
abut [ E5bQt ] v. 邻接, 毗邻(lie adjacent)
(类)contiguous·abut=simultaneous·coincide毗邻的·毗邻=同时发生的·同时发生(形动同义)
(记)观察：a和b在字母表中毗邻;u和t 在字母表中也毗邻→邻接, 毗邻
abysmal [E5bIzmEl] adj. 深不可测的，无底的(immeasurably low or wretched)
(类)stygian·dark=abysmal·low 极黑的·黑=极深的·低的(程度)
(记)来自：abyss(深渊)a byss(谐音：必死)联想：一个人跳入深渊必死。
acarpous [ei`kB:pEs] adj.不结果实的(effete, no longer fertile, worn out)
(记)carpo-前缀，表示果实 参考：carpodermis果皮
accede [Ak5si:d] v. 同意(concede)加入(条约)(to become a party to an treaty)
(反)demur (反对)
(记)cede(放弃，割让)→放弃自己的意见→同意;参考：concede让步 recede后退
academic [ 7AkE5demik ] adj. 学院的，学术的，理论的
(记)参考：academician 学会委员，院士，大学生
accelerate [Ek5selEreIt] v. 加速，促进(to move faster：gain speed)
(类)accelerate·speed=prolong·duration 加速·速度=延长·持续时间(动作及其相关对象)
expedite·process=accelerate·pace 促进·过程=加速·步调(动作及其相关对象)
(反)accelerate ◆ retard 促进 ◆ 阻碍
(记)celer (速度)→加速 参考：celerity(敏捷，速度)
accentuate [Ak5sentjueit] v. 重读, 强调(to stress or emphasize; intensify)
(记)ac(加强) cent(=cant唱，说) uate→重读;参考：accent 重音
access [5Akses] n. 通路(passage)，入口 vt. 接近
accessible [Ek5sesIbl] adj. 易接近的;可理解的(easy to approach;obtainable)
(类)cache·hidden=summit·inaccessible 隐藏处是隐藏的=顶点是难以达到的(正面特征)
(反)abstruse ◆ accessible/ patent 深奥的 ◆ 容易理解的/ 明显的
(记)来自access (通路，入门)cess(走)参考：success，process
accessory [Ek5sesErI] adj.附属的(additional object;useful but not essential thing)
(反)accessory ◆ of primarily importance 附属的 ◆ 主要的
(记)刚入门(access)一般都要当下属。参考：process 过程
(例)accessory of a bicycle 自行车的附件
accidental [AksI5dentEl] adj. 意外的，偶然的(occurring unexpectedly or by chance)
(类)inventiveness·accidental=effect·casual
创造发明·意外的=必然结果·偶然的(反面特征)
【注】effect：something that inevitably follows an antecedent 必然结果
(反)safeguard·accident=hedge·loss 安全装置·事故=篱笆·丢失(防止关系)
intentional·accidental=arrogant·humble 故意的·意外的=傲慢的·谦逊的(反义)
(记)cid(落下)→意外的 联想：苹果落下是意外的，但牛顿从中发现必然的规律。
参考：incident(事件，事变) deciduous(每年落叶的)
acclaim [ E5kleim ] n/v. 称赞，欢呼(to praise enthusiastically and often publicly)
(同)commend，applaud，compliment，hail，kudize，praise，recommend
(派)acclaimed adj. 受欢迎的
acclimate [E`klaImIt] vt. 使适应气候环境(to adapt to a new climate, environment)
(反)acclimate ◆ make unfamiliar with 使适应 ◆ 使不熟悉
(记)ac climate(气候) 联想：适应气候、环境
acclivity [ E5kliviti ] n. 向上的斜坡(an upward slope, as of a hill)
accolade [5AkEleId] n. 推崇备至，赞扬(an expression of praise)
(反)accolade ◆ cutting remark / speak ill/ derogate 称赞 ◆ 苛评/ 挑毛病/ 贬损
accolade ◆ criticism/ excoriate /disapprobation 赞扬 ◆ 批评/ 严厉的责难/ 不赞成
accolade ◆ reprobate/ reproof /denigration 极力赞扬 ◆ 斥责/ 谴责/ 毁誉
accolade ◆ swearword / denunciation / castigation 极力赞扬 ◆ 咒骂/ 谴责/ 斥责
(记)cola 联想可乐，可乐产品在全球得到赞誉
(例)The play received accolades from the press. 这部戏受到报纸的称赞。
accommodate [E5kRmEdeIt] v. 提供方便(to provide with something desired as a helpful service)
(类)obliterate·remove=accommodate·supply 删除·除去=提供方便·供给(同义)
(记)参考：commodity n.日用品，商品(用来提供生活上的方便)
accomodating adj. 能够通融的，乐于助人的
accompany [E5kQmpEni] vt. 陪伴, 伴奏
accomplice [E5kCmplis] n.同谋，帮凶(one associated with another especially in wrongdoing)
accomplish [E5kCmpliF] vt. 完成, 实现(to succeed in doing; bring to pass)
(记)参考：accomplished 娴熟的;有造诣的：毫无疑问的;不容置疑的
accord [ E5kC:d ] vt.使符合，使一致(to cause to conform or agree; bring into harmony)n.一致
(记)参考：in accord with 和…一致
accost [E`kCst] vt. 问候，致意(greet, hail, salute)大胆靠近(to approach boldly or in a challenging
or sometimes a defensive manner)
(类)accost·approach =importune·request 大胆靠近·接近=不断要求强求·要求
(前者是后者的特殊方式)干扰：(bequest·give)(glorify·praise)
(例)We were accosted by a beggar who demanded money.
我们大着胆子靠近一个要钱的乞丐。
accountability n. 有责任，有义务
(记)来自account 帐目，说明
accret [A`kri:t] v. 逐渐增长(to make larger or greater, as by increased growth)
(类)accrete·growth=erode·destruction=inch·advance
渐增是逐渐增长=腐蚀是逐渐破坏=缓慢移动是逐渐前进
强调逐渐的过程(干扰：endure·tolerance同义)
(反)accrete ◆ wear away 渐增 ◆ 销蚀
accretion ◆ reduction in substance caused by erosion 渐增 ◆ 因腐蚀减少
accrue [ E5kru: ] vi.自然增加, 产生
accumulate [E5kju:mjJleIt] vi. 积聚，堆积(to gather or pile up especially little by little;amass)
(反)dissipate ◆ accumulate 消散，浪费 ◆ 积累
accurate [5Akjurit] adj. 正确的, 精确的
accuse [ E5kju:z ] v. 谴责，指责(to charge with a shortcoming or an erro)
acerbic [E5s:bItI] adj. 酸的，涩的(acid in temper, mood, or tone)
(反)acerbic ◆ sweet 酸的 ◆ 甜的
acerbity ◆ saccharin 酸 ◆ 糖精
(记)a cer(谐音：涩)或者从形近词acid(酸的，刻薄的)角度进行记忆
acidulous [ E5sidjulEs ] adj. 微酸的，尖酸刻薄的(slightly sour in taste or in manner)
(记)acid酸 参考：acidity 酸度，酸性
achromatic [AkrEJ5mAtIk] adj. 非彩色的, 无色的(possessing no hue)
(类)achromatic·hue=extraneous·essence=transitory·permanence
无色的·色调=无关的·本质=短暂的·永久
(记)a(表示无) chroma(色彩)→无色的
acknowledge [Ek5nClidV] vt.承认(to admit the existence, reality, or truth of)
acme n.顶点，极点(the highest point or stage)
(类)acme·mountain=crest·wave 山顶·山=浪尖·海浪 (事物及其顶点)
acme·surpass=impossible·execute 顶点无法超越=不可能的无法执行
(同)apex , apogee climax, peak, pinnacle, summit zenith
acolyte [5AkElaIt] n.侍僧, 助手
(记)谐音“爱客来的” 联想：爱客人来的助手
accorn [5eIkC:n] n.橡树果, 橡子
acoustic [E5ku:stIk] adj.有关声音的, 声学的
acquaint [E5kweInt] vt. 使熟知，通知(to make familiar : cause to know firsthand)
(记)参考：acquaintance认识，熟人
acquiesce [AkwI5es] v. 勉强同意;默许(to accept tacitly or passively)
(类)intransigent·acquiesce=deferential·offend 不妥协的·默许=恭敬的·冒犯(反面特征)
(反)resist 抵制 defy 抗拒
(记)ac quiesce(=quiet安静) 联想：保持沉默→默许
(同)assent, accede, agree, consent
(例)We acquiesced in their plan. 我们只得默认他们的计划。
acquisition [AkwI5zIFn] n. 获得(the act of acquiring)
(反)divestiture ◆ acquisition 剥夺 ◆ 获得
【注：divest ：v. to deprive or dispossess especially of property, authority, or title】
(记)来自acquire 获得，得到。参考：acquired 后天努力得到的acquisitive渴望获得的，贪婪的
acre [5eikE] n. 英亩
(类)ream·paper=acre·land 纸的单位·纸=亩·土地
acquit [ E5kwit ] vt. 宣告无罪(to free or clear from a charge or accusation)
acrid [5AkrId] adj. 辛辣的，刺鼻的(sharp and harsh in taste or odor)
(类)acrid·odor=grating/ piercing·sound 刺激的·味道=刺耳的·声音(形修饰名)
acrid·gentleness=forthright·guile 辛辣的·温和的=直率的·狡诈(反面特征)
(反)acrid ◆ gentle 辛辣的 ◆ 温和的
acrimonious [AkrI5mEJnIEs] adj. 刻薄的(caustic especially in feeling, language, or manner)
(反)acrimonious ◆ harmonious 刻薄的 ◆ 和谐融洽的
(记)acri(尖，酸)→刻薄的
(例)His tendency to utter acrimonious remarks alienated his audience.
说话刻薄的习惯使他疏远了听众。
acrobat [ 5AkrEbAt ] n.杂技演员, 随机应变者
(记)acro高 bat走 →高空行走(如阿迪江)→杂技演员
参考：acrophobia恐高症acronym首字母缩写词
actuate [ 5Aktjueit ] vt. 促使
(记)act行为 uate→使有作为→促使 参考：activate 刺激，使活泼
acuity [ E5kjuiti ] n. 锐利，视力或观察力敏锐;敏捷(acuteness of vision or perception; keenness)
acumen [E5kju:mEn] n.敏锐，聪明(keenness and depth of perception)
(类)alacrity·prompt=acumen·shrewd 敏捷·快速=敏锐·干练(同义)
(反)acumen ◆ unable to discerning 敏锐 ◆ 不能辨别的
(记)acu(尖) men →敏锐 参考：acupuncture 针灸
(例)His business acumen helped him to succeed where others had failed.
他在商业上的敏锐帮他在其他人失败的地方获得成功。
acute adj. 敏锐的，锐角的;(医)急性的(having a sudden onset 发作, sharp rise, and short course)
(类)perspicacity·acute=caprice·whimsical 敏锐·敏锐的=反复无常·多变的(名形同义)
(反)acute ◆ mild 急性的 ◆ 温和的
(例)acute disease. 急性病
adage [5AdidV] n. 谚语(a saying often in metaphorical form that embodies a common observation)
(同)saying, word, proverb, saw 谚语, byword 格言，谚语，笑柄
(记)ad age(时代)联想：谚语在不同时代都禁得起检验。易混淆：badge徽章
adamant [5AdEmEnt] adj. 坚硬的;固执的，不动摇的(unshakable especially in opposite)
(类)adamant·flexibility=refractory·control 坚固不柔软=难以操作的不可控制
impossible·execute=adamant·move 不可能的不可操作=顽固的不改变路线
(反)vacillatory 动摇 incline to yield 容易妥协的
(记)a dam大坝 ant 一个大坝上的蚂蚁;如果不够固执和坚强，千里之堤，如何毁于蚁穴呢?
(例)He was adamant in his determination to punish the corrupt officials.
他下了决心，坚决惩治那些贪官污吏。
adapt [E5dApt] vt. 修改，使适应(to bring into correspondence or make suitable)
(反)adapt 修改 ◆ remain unchanged 保持不变的
(例)a species that has adapted well to winter climes. 很适应冬天气候的物种
(记)ad apt(灵巧的，适当的;本身就是一个词啊)
addendum [ E5dendEm ] n. 附录，补遗(a supplement to a book)
(类)addendum·document=postscript·letter 附录附属于文件=附言附属于信件
(记)由add 而来，参考另外一词：append 附加，添加
addict [E5dIkt] v. 沉溺，上瘾(to devote(oneself)to something habitually)
(类)disabuse·error=rehabilitate·addiction
打消错误念头·错误=回到从前状态·上瘾(动作与其相关对象)
inured·tolerance=addicted·dependency 习惯的容易忍受=上瘾的容易依赖
(记)ad dict(要求)→不断要求→上瘾 参考：dictator独裁者
addition [E5dIFEn] n. 加;增加物
(例)Our baby brother is an addition to our family. 新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。
(记)in addition (also;as well as也;另外，加之)
in addition to(over and above; besides 加于…之上;除…之外又)
additive：adj. 附加的n.添加剂
address [ E5dres ] v. 致词(to deliver a formal speech to)对付，处理，着手解决(to deal with)
(例)He addressed himself to the problem. 他忙于处理问题。
adhere [Ed5hIE] v. 依附，粘着(to hold fast or stick by gluing or grasping)
(反)adhere ◆ detach 依附 ◆ 分离
adherent ◆ forerunner 追随者 ◆ 先行者
adjacent [E5dVeisEnt] adj.邻近的，接近的，毗邻的(close to;lying near)
adjourn [E5dV:n] vi. 延期，休会(to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place)
(类)convoke ◆ adjourn 召集，召开会议 ◆ 休会，中止
(记)ad journ(=journey旅行)→ 因为旅行停止开会。参考：journal 刊物 journalism新闻学
(例)The meeting will be adjourned till next Wednesday. 会议暂停,下星期三继续举行。
adjudicate [ E5dVu:dikeit ] v. 判决, 宣判, 裁决
(记)来自judge法官 参考：judicious明智的;prejudice偏见，成见
adjunct [5AdVQNkt] n. 附属物，附件(something added to another thing but not essentially a part of it)
(类)adjunct ◆ essential element 附属部分 ◆ 基本部分
(记)ad(增加) junct(结合，连接) 联想：加上连接→附属物 参考：conjunct 结合的，共同的
adjure [E5dVuE] vt. 恳请，(以起誓或诅咒等形式)命令
(记)参考：perjury 伪证 abjure发誓放弃 conjure 恳求
adjust [ E5dVQst ] vt.调整，使适合
adjutant [ 5AdVutEnt ] n. 副官，助手
ad-lib [Ad 5lIb] adj. 即兴的(spoken, composed, or performed without preparation)
(类)ad-lib·impromptu=side·divergent 即兴的·即兴的=偏向一侧的·偏离的(同义)
administration [ Edminis5treiFEn ] n. 管理, 行政部门
admission [Ed5mIFn] n. 许可入场，录取(the act or process of admitting)
(记)参考：admit允许admissible可容纳的，可允许的
admonish [Ed5mRnIF] v. 告诫，责备 (to reprove or express warning in a gentle, earnest manner)
(类)peccadillo·sin 小罪·罪(小和正常)
不确定：admonishment·castigation =告诫·苛责(程度)
admonish·denounce=punish·pillory 告诫·公开责备=惩罚·示众(一般/ 公开关系)
pretense·deceive=admonition·reprove 伪装是一种欺骗=告诫是一种责备
alibi· exculpate=warning·admonish 用托词的方式来辩解=用警告的方式来告诫
(记)参考：monitor 班长，监视器(负责监督)
(同)reprove, chide, monish;rebuke, reprimand, reproach
(例)He admonished those frantic football fans to change their wicked ways.
他告诫那些疯狂的足球迷们改变那种捣蛋的做法。
adobe [ E5dEubi ] n.砖坯, 土坯
(记)美国Adobe公司, 是著名图形软件photoshop等的生产商 区别：abode住所
adolescent [ 7AdEu5lesnt ] adj.青春期的 n.青少年
adopt [ E5dCpt ] vt. 收养，采用
(记)ad opt选择→采用 参考：option 选择
adore [E5dC:] vt. 崇拜，热爱，非常喜欢(to regard with loving admiration and devotion)
(类)adoration·affection=abhorrence·dislike=fascination·interest
崇拜·好感=痛恨·讨厌=强烈爱好·爱好(程度)
adulate·fawn=woo/ love·adore 谄媚·奉承=热爱·崇拜(程度)
(记)ad ore说→表白崇拜之情 参考：inexorable无情的oration演说，致词
(派)adorable 可崇拜的，可爱的
adorn [ E5dC:n ] v.装饰
(记)ad orn装饰 参考：ornament 装饰 suborn贿赂
adroit [ E5drCit ] adj.熟练的，敏捷的
adulate [5AdjJleIt] v. 谄媚，奉承(to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly)
(类)fulminate·criticize =adulate·flatter
严责·批评=谄媚·奉承(程度)(干扰：relate·narrate同义)
aversion·disinclination=adulation·admiration 厌恶·不愿=谄媚·赞赏(褒贬程度)
(反)scorn 咒骂 disdain 轻蔑蔑视 vituperate辱骂 disparage 贬损
adulation ◆ somber affection 热烈的赞扬 ◆ 低沉的感情
adulterate [E5dQltEreIt] vt. 掺杂，掺假 adj. 伪造的，掺杂的
(类)embellish·austere=adulterate·pure 装饰·朴素=掺杂·纯净 (消除关系)
adulterate·purity=enervate·vigor 掺杂·纯度=衰弱·活力(消除关系)
adulterate·pure=bolster/ brace·weak=dismantle·unity
掺杂·纯净=支持·不牢固=拆除·整体(消除关系)
demanding·satisfactory= closed-mind·sway (注：词性不对)
苛求的·满意=死心塌地的·动摇(难以)(干扰：adulterate·pristine掺杂的不纯净)
(反)tainted ◆ unadulterated 弄脏的 ◆ 没有搀杂的
adulteration ◆ purification 掺假 ◆ 净化
(例)adulterate coffee with ground acorns; 在咖啡中掺入磨碎的橡树子
(记)与adulate和adulter(成年人)一起记;成年人爱干一些阿谀奉承，掺假使坏的事情。
adumbrate [5AdQmbreIt] vt. 隐约预示(to suggest or disclose partially)
(反)revelation ◆ adumbration 显示，揭露 ◆ 有保留的揭示
(记)ad umbra(=shadow 影子) ate 联想：事情有影子→预示 参考：umbrella 伞
advent [ 5AdvEnt ] n.不寻常事物的出现，到来
(例)the advent of the computer. 计算机的出现
adventitious [7Adven5tiFEs] adj. 外来的，非与生俱来的(not inherent but added extrinsically)
(反)constitutional, essential, intrinsic; inborn, inbred, innate, inherent
adventure [ Ed5ventFE ] n. 冒险, 冒险的经历 v. 冒险
(派)adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的, 敢做敢为的
adversary [5AdvEsErI] n. 敌手，对手(an opponent; an enemy)
(类)supplicant·humility=adversary·resistance 恳求者·谦卑=对手·反抗(正面特征)
(反)ally ◆ adversary 联盟 ◆ 敌手，对手
(记)参考：adverse 敌对的, 相反的 adversiy 不幸，灾难 versus与…相对 简写：vs
adversity [ Ed5vE:siti ] n.不幸, 灾难, 逆境(a state of hardship or affliction; misfortune)
advert [5Adv:t] vi. 注意，留意 n. 广告(to turn the mind or attention)
(反)advertent ◆ inattentive 留意的 ◆ 不注意的
inadvertence ◆ careful attention 疏忽 ◆ 仔细留意
(例)advert to a problem. 注意到一个问题
advertise [5AdvEtaIz] vt. 广告(to announce publicly esp. by a printed notice or a broadcast)
(类)advertising·commercial=publishing·journal 广告·电视或广播广告=出版·期刊(种属)
advisable [ Ed5vaizEbl ] adj.可取的, 明智的(worthy of being recommended or suggested; prudent)
advisory [ Ed5vaizEri ] adj. 顾问的, 咨询的, 忠告的
advocate [5AdvEkEt] vt. 主张，提倡(to plead in favor of)
(反)advocate ◆ denounce 主张 ◆ 谴责
(记)ad(增强) voc(声音,叫喊) ate 联想：大声叫喊→主张;参考：revoke 废除
(例)He advocates building more schools. 他主张多建几所学校。
aegis [ 5i:dVis ] n. 盾，保护，庇护
(例)a child whose welfare is now under the aegis of the courts.
儿童福利现在处于法庭的保护之下
aerate [5eEreIt] v. 充气(to supply or impregnate with air)
(类)aerate·oxygen=hydrate·water 充气·氧气=使成水化合物·水
(反)aerate ◆ remove air from 充气 ◆ 放出空气
(记)aer(气：air的变形) ate(表动作)→充气 参考：aerial空气的aeronautics航空学
aesthetic [i:s5WetIk] n. 美学
(类)aesthetics·beauty=epistemology·knowledge 美学·美=知识起源学·知识
gourmet·food=aesthetic·art 美食家·食物=美学·艺术
(记)esthete：词根“感觉”;本身是一个词：美学家。参考：anaesthesia 麻醉(无感觉)
affable [5AfEbl] adj.易于交谈的，和蔼的(characterized by ease and friendliness)
(反)rascible易怒的 testy暴躁的
(记)参考fable(寓言，说)联想：通过寓言向人们和蔼的讲道理。参考：ineffable 不能说的
(例)an affable smile. 慈祥的微笑
affectation [ 7Afek5teiFEn ] n.假装, 做作(a show, pretense, or display;artificiality)
affected [E5fektId] adj. 假装的，做作的(assumed artificially or falsely)
(类)posturer·unaffected=bigot·tolerant 装腔作势的人不矫揉造作=顽固不化的人不宽容
(反)affected ◆ natural 做作的 ◆ 自然的
affected ◆ artless 做作的 ◆ 朴实的
affection [E`fekFEn] n. 爱，情感
(类)kiss·affection=shrug·indifference 吻表达友爱=耸肩表达冷漠
swagger·bravado=caress·affection 大摇大摆出于虚张声势=爱抚出于爱情
mercurial·mood=fickle·affection 多变的情绪=善变的感情
(反)antipathy 厌恶
(记)affect (影响) 好影响(affection)，坏影响(affectation)参考：affectionate爱的
affidavit [AfI5deIvIt] n. 宣过誓的书面陈述(a sworn statement in writing made esp. under oath)
(类)affidavit·statement=wedding·ceremony 宣誓过的书面陈述·陈述=婚礼·仪式(种属)
(记)fid(相信)参考：confidence 信心，保密 confide vt. 倾诉，委托 perfidy 背叛
affiliate [E5filieit ] v. 使成为会员，结盟(to bring or receive into close connection as a member)
(反)affiliation ◆ dissociation 结盟 ◆ 分裂
(记)fili(子女)参考：filial子女的
affinity [E5fInItI] n. 天然倾向或喜好(implies a susceptibility or predisposition on something)
(反)aversion厌恶 repugnance厌恶 antipathy 厌恶
(例)He have an affinity for mathematics. 他天生喜欢数学。
affirm [ E5fE:m ] v. 断言, 确认, 肯定
affix [ E5fiks ] vt. 使附于, 粘贴 n. 词缀(prefix前缀;suffix后缀)
affluent [5AflJEnt] adj. 丰富的, 富裕的(having a generously sufficient material possessions)
(反)needy 非常贫困的 impecunious贫困的
(记)flu(流动) ent 联想：不断流入→富裕的
afflict [ E5flikt ] vt.使痛苦, 折磨
affront [ E5frQnt ] n/ vt. 公开侮辱, 冒犯, 面对
(例)Such behavior is an affront to society. 这种行为是对社会的蔑视
aftermath [5B:ftEmAW] n.结果, 后果(a consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune)
agenda [E5dVendE] n. 议程(a list or outline of things to be considered or done)
(类)minute·agenda=log·itinerary 会议记录·议程=航海日志·行程安排
syllabus·course=agenda·meeting=itinerary·trip=program·concert
教学大纲安排课程=议程安排会议=行程表安排旅程=节目程序安排音乐会
agape [ E5^eip ] adj.adv. 大张着嘴的;目瞪口呆地
agglomerate [ E5^lCmEreit ] n.大团, 大块 adj.成块的, 凝聚的vt. 使成团, 使成块, 使凝聚
aggrandize [E5^rAndaIz] vt. 增加，夸大(to make appear great or greater：praise highly)
(反)disparage贬低 relegate降级 efface抹掉 (干扰：undermine破坏)
(记)grand (大) 参考：grandiloquent 夸张的，夸大的
aggravate [5A^rEveIt] vt. 加重，恶化(to make worse, more serious, or more severe)
(反)console ◆ aggravate grief 抚慰，安慰 ◆ 加重悲伤
(反)alleviate 减轻 succor援助，减轻(to go to the aid of ：relieve)
(记)grav(重)→加重
aggregate [5A^rI^eIt] n. 集合体 v. 集合，合计(to collect or gather into a mass or whole)
(反)disaggregate ◆ coalesce 分散 ◆ 接合
aggregate ◆ isolated units 集合体 ◆ 隔离的单位
aggregate ◆ disperse 聚集 ◆ 分散
disaggregate ◆ join together 分解 ◆ 连接，结合
(记)greg(团体) 联想：集合;参考：gregarious(社交的，群居的)
list 2 aggressive ------- arachnid
aggressive [5E^resIv] adj. 好斗的，侵略性的(Inclined to behave in a hostile fashion)
(反)even-tempered 性情平和的
【注】even adj. 平的，公平的，偶数的 参考：even-handed 公平的
(例)an aggressive young executive. 一个进取心很强的年轻管理人员
aggrieve [E`^ri:v] vt. 使委屈，使苦恼(to give pain or trouble to)
(反)gratify 使满足
(同)distress,constrain, grieve, hurt
(派)aggrieved 悲痛的，被错误对待的，受委屈的(Treated wrongly)
aghast [E5^B:st] adj. 惊骇的, 吓呆的
(记)源自 ghost 鬼
agile [5AdVail] adj. 敏捷的, 轻快的, 灵活的
agitate [ 5AdViteit ] v. 搅动, 煽动，激动;使不安，使焦虑
(类)agitated·frenetic=literate·erudite 激动的·极度激动的=有文化的·博学的(程度)
insurgent·rebel=incendiary·agitate 叛乱分子·叛乱=煽动者·煽动 (正面特征)
agnostic [ A^5nCstik ] n. 不可知论者
COWARD: BRAVE 懦夫:勇敢的
|
hero: cynical martyr: impatient philanthropist : selfish agnostic: intuitive traitor : careful |
英雄:玩世不恭的 烈士:不耐烦的 慈善家:自私的 不可知论者:直觉的 叛徒:谨慎的 |
答案：(C) |
agog [E5^R^] adj 热切渴望的;极度兴奋的(eager)
(类)interested·agog=careful·meticulous 感兴趣的·热切的=仔细的·小心翼翼的(程度)
agony [5A^EnI] n. 苦恼，极大的痛苦(intense pain of mind or body)
(类)painful·agonizing=important·paramount 痛苦的·极大痛苦的=重要的·最重要的(程度)
agonized·distress=obsessed·concern 极大痛苦的·苦恼=困扰的·关心(程度)
agrarian [ E5^rZEriEn ] adj.有关土地的, 耕地的,农业的
(类)agrarian·farming=mercantile·trade 农业的·农业=商业的·商业(名形同义)
(记)agr(农业)参考：agriculture农业;agronomy农学
agreeable [ E5^riEbl ] adj. 使人愉快的, 惬意的, 适合的(to one’s liking;pleasing)
ailment [ 5eilmEnt ] n. 小病, 不适(a mild illness)(注ail ：trouble;be ill生病)
airborne [ 5ZEbC:n ] adj.空气传播的, 空降的, 空运的
airtight [5eEtaIt] adj. 密闭的，不透气的(impermeable to air or nearly so)
(类)foolproof·fail=airtight·leak 极其可靠的不会出故障=密封的不会泄漏
【注】foolproof ：adj. so simple or reliable as to leave no opportunity for error or failure
alabaster [ 5AlEbB:stE ] n.雪花石膏 adj.雪白的
(记)ala—上海方言;联想：上海人的皮肤白→雪白的
airy [ 5ZEri ] adj. 通风的(open to the air);轻快的(light-hearted; gay);空洞的，不切实际的
alacrity [E5lAkrItI] n. 敏捷，轻快;渴望，乐意(promptness in response：cheerful readiness)
(类)alacrity·prompt=acumen·shrewd 敏捷·快速=敏锐·干练(同义)
alacrity·apathetic=temerity·timid 渴望·缺乏感情的=卤莽蛮勇的·胆怯的(名形反义)
husbandry·dissipate=alacrity·procrastinate 节约·浪费=敏捷·延迟(反义)
(反)alacrity ◆ hesitance and reluctance 乐意(敏捷，欣然) ◆ 犹豫和不情愿
(反)dilatoriness 迟缓，拖延 hesitance 犹豫，踌躇
(例)He accepted the invitation with alacrity 他欣然接受了邀请。
albeit [C:l5bi:It] conj. 尽管，虽然(表示让步和转折)
(例)clear albeit cold weather. 虽然天冷但仍很晴朗
albino [Al5bi:nEJ] n. 白化病 (an organism exhibiting deficient pigmentation)
(类)albino·pigment=prairie·tree 白化病缺乏色素=大草原缺乏树
alchemy [5AlkEmI] n. 炼金术(medieval chemistry)
(类)alchemy·chemistry=false drug·treatment 炼金术·化学=假药·治疗(种属，特征"假")
alcove [ 5AlkEuv ] n.凹室, 壁橱(niche，recess)
alert [ E5lE:t ] adj.提防的, 警觉的(vigilantly attentive)n. 警报
alias [ 5eiliAs ] n.别名, 化名(an assumed name)
alibi [5AlIbaI] n. 托辞，借口，辩解(an excuse usually intended to avert blame or punishment)
(类)alibi· exculpate=warning·admonish 托词目的是辩解=警告目的是告诫
alibi·exculpate=sophism·deceive 托词目的是辩解=诡辩目的是欺骗
alienate [ 5eiljEneit ] v. 疏远(to make unfriendly, hostile, or indifferent)
(反)unite 联合 reunite 重新联合
(同)estrance, alien, disaffect, disunify, disunite, wean
alight [ E5lait ] vi. 飞落，下车 adj.点着的(lighted)照亮的(Illuminated)
align [E5laIn] vt排成一行，调准(to be in precise adjustment or correct relative position);结盟
(反)aligned ◆ improperly adjusted 准确调整的 ◆ 调整不当的
aligned ◆ irregular 排成一行的 ◆ 不规则的
aligned ◆ askew/ awry 排成一行的 ◆ 歪斜的
aligned ◆ warped 排成一行的 ◆ 弯曲的
(例)aligning the wheels of a truck. 调整卡车的轮子
We must align ourselves with the workers. 我们必须和工人们站在一起。
(记)a lign(=line直线，排队)
