WRITING

1.目前许多大学生处理不好人际关系

2.出现这种现象的原因

3.我的看法

　　【范文】

On Students’Interpersonal Relationship

Positive interpersonal relationships are vital for optimal humsit growth and development. However, in recent years, educators have expressed their concern about the ability of interpersonal relationship among students in institutions of higher education.

According to a survey conducted by Hebei University, many college-age students regard interpersonal relationship as the biggest headache. Increasing diversity and rapid changes m our society make interacting with others more and more complex and difficult. With 1 united life experiences and social skills, college students face more challenges in dealing with interpersonal relationship. This is especially true for students coming from rural areas. Because of the lack of social skills, they are often rejected by others _ and rejection gives them even fewer chances to leam how to interact with others.

In my opinion, now that interpersonal relationship is important to students* devclopmentj colleges should offer courses about comprehensive interpersonal relationships. The course should address the knowledge，skills, attitudes and behaviors involved in participating in positive relationships in the family and with individuals at school, m the conununity and in the workplace.

1,Studying in Sydney, Australia

Australia—Attractive to International Students

Australia has been a popular choice for thousands of international students over many years. Australia’s universities and colleges have become increasingly recognized overseas for their exceptionally high standard. In addition, Australia is conveniently close to South-East Asia (Jakarta, the capital of Australia’s closest Asian neighbor, Indonesia, is only 5506 kilometers from Sydney.) Revised entry procedures for overseas students have made it possible for an increasing number to study in Australia. Sydney the largest Australian city, is the principle port of call for international airlines with services operating to Australia.

Sydney --- Location and History

Named after an ex-Governor of New South Wales, Sydney is the State’s capital city. Located on the south-east coast of Australia in the temperate zone, it enjoys a mild climate, averaging 14.5 hours of sunshine per day in summer and 10.25 hours in winter. It is also the largest, oldest and perhaps most beautifully situated city in Australia. First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, it is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation’s major industrial, business, and manufacturing centre.

The Harbour and Surrounding Suburbs

Sydney is home to nearly 4.4 million people (as of 1997). The suburbs reach out from the city centre and harbor some 55 km to the north, 35km to the west and 30 km to the south, creating a metropolitan area of about 3000 square kilometers. The 57 square kilometer harbor is one of the largest in the world, and famous for the unmistakable 134 meter high arch of the Harbor Bridge and the graceful sails of the Opera House. It is a busy waterway with ferries, freighters and pleasure craft.

Residential Inner – City Suburbs

Not far from the city centre are the attractive old residential suburbs of Balmain, Glebe, and Paddington, where many people live in smart terraced houses. Art galleries, pubs, and restaurants abound in the cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow, whereas the suburbs surrounding the city’s colleges and universities consist mainly of family homes and multi-unit blocks – and ideal situation for students looking for a homestay, or to rent. Sydney’s newer suburbs now have a large multicultural population, and local shopping centres reflect the influences of many cultures.

The Cultural Climate

Sydney is home to the State Art Gallery of New South Wales, the State Conservatorium of Music, the Australian Opera, the Sydney Dance Company, and the Australian Ballet. The world-class Sydney Symphony Orchestra offers superb classical music all year round. Local theatre is innovative and well-supported, and large-scale overseas productions tour regularly.

Entertainment for Young and Old

As well as scores of cinemas and theatres throughout the city and suburbs, there are numerous clubs which appeal to people of all ages, and cater for all tastes. Pubs are the venue for smaller modern bands, while the big-name popular music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge Entertainment Centre in the heart of the city.

Dining Out

In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit everybody. In summer, café patrons often sit outside at tables under umbrellas, and enjoy the passing parade of shoppers. Students who prefer to cook at home can choose from several large weekend markets, where fresh fruit, fish, and vegetables may be bought more cheaply than at the local supermarket. Sydney also has its own Chinatown.

Shopper’s Delight

In the heart of the city are several big department stores linked by enclosed over-the-street crossings and underground walkways. Most noticeable are the towering Centrepoint complx and the Queen Victoria Building, both containing many shopping arcades, coffee shops and restaurants. Out of town, in the suburbs, there are huge regional shopping centres. At the weekend markets, bargains can be had when shopping for clothing as well as for a wide range of assorted goods.

Sporting Facilities

Australia is recognized as one of the most sports-conscious nations in the world. Sydney boasts an impressive number of facilities for all types of indoor and outdoor sporting activities. Wherever one goes, there are golf courses, cricket pitches, football ovals, tennis and squash courts, and, of course, indoor and outdoor swimming pools. Avid ice-skating and ten-pin bowling fans will find that these activities are also popular and inexpensive.

Conclusion

Whatever a student is interested in, it is certain to be available somewhere in Sydney. Outside the colleges and universities the scope for filling the leisure hours is enormous while on campus the choice is equally varied.

1. Since more and more international students study in Australia, entry procedures have been revised.

2. Sydney was first established as a settlement for convicted criminals.

3. Sydney is home to a large number of people from other countries.

4. The streets of Paddington are not very wide and contain houses arranged in rows.

5. Large-scale overseas productions are rarely shown in local small theatres.

6. The Entertainment Centre is only for international popular music artists who attract large audiences.

7. Vegetables may be bought more cheaply in large weekend markets.

8. When shopping for clothing or other goods in weekend markets, you can _____ with sellers.

9. Australia is famous as one of the most _______ nations in the world.

10. This passage aims to help _____ to adapt to life in Sydney.

答案与解析

1. N. 文章第一段说：Revised entry procedures for overseas students have made it possible for an increasing number to study in Australia. 把因果关系颠倒了。

2. Y. 文章第二段说：First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, it is a modern cosmopolitan city that …

3. NG. 文章根本没有提到过。

4. Y. 文章第四段说：Not far from the city centre are the attractive old residential suburbs of Balmain, Glebe, and Paddington, where many people live in smart terraced houses. Art galleries, pubs, and restaurants abound in the cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow,

5. N. 文章第五段说：Local theatre is innovative and well-supported, and large-scale overseas productions tour regularly. 颠倒事实。

6. N. 文章第六段说：there are numerous clubs which appeal to people of all ages, and cater for all tastes.正好相反。

7.Y. 文章第七段说：can choose from several large weekend markets, where fresh fruit, fish, and vegetables may be bought more cheaply than at the local supermarket.

8. bargain 文章第八段说：At the weekend markets, bargains can be had when shopping for clothing as well as for a wide range of assorted goods.

9. sports-conscious 文章第九段说：Australia is recognized as one of the most sports-conscious nations in the world.

10. international students 中心思想题。文章第一段第一句Australia has been a popular choice for thousands of international students over many years.

2.　Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife, Elizabeth McCourt, better known as "Baby Doe". Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West. Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas. Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking, or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines. At any rate, a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. "Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here." he said.

As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville’s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco.It was his custom to "grubstake" prospective miners, in other words, to supply them with food and supplies, or "grub", while they looked for ore, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.He did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.

Finally one day in the year 1878, so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for "grub". Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. These were persistent, however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. "Oh help yourself. One more time won’t make any difference," He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. the two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig. After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. Tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the "Pittsburgh Mine," made $1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.

Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000.This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh, yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time. Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor, and later became lieutenant governor of the state.

1. Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT.

A. because Tabor became its leading citizen

B. because great deposits of lead is expected to be found there

C. because it could bring good fortune to Tabor

D. because it was renamed

2. The word "grubstake" in paragraph 2 means.

A. to supply miners with food and supplies

B. to open a general store

C. to do one’s contribution to the development of the mine

D. to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered

3.T abor made his first fortune.

A. by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings

B. because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying

C. by buying the shares of the other

D. as a land speculator

4. The underlying reason for Tabor’s life career is.

A. purely accidental

B. based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site

C. through the help from his second wife

D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step

5. If this passage is the first part of an article, who might be introduced in the following part?

A. Tabor’s life.

B. Tabor’s second wife, Elizabeth McCourt.

C. Other colorful characters.

D. Tabor’s other careers.

难句突破

请翻译以下长句，

1. It was his custom to "grubstake" prospective miners, in other words, to supply them with food and supplies, or "grub", while they looked for ore, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.

答案与详解

【短文大意】本文主要讲述霍塞斯•奥斯汀•沃纳•泰勃发家的故事。

1. C细节题。因为Leadville可以为Tabor带来巨富。这一点不是Leadville得名的原因，因为在文章第二段中，讲到这一点时，提及三个原因：A.因为Tabor成为当地的居民代表人物，B.因为在Leadville有丰富的铅的储藏量。D.因为Leadville是因为Tabor重要而起的名，唯独C没有，因为到后来发现是银矿才给他带来巨富。

2. D词汇题。第二段中grubstake的词义与D所述内容是相同的，即"供给探矿者资金，衣物，食品以及其他物品"。(可参阅英华大辞典修订第二版64页)但此处还补充地讲，作为回报，供给者可以获得矿中资源一定份额。(见文章第二段第4行)

3. A细节题。Tabor第一次真正发财是他为两名矿工提供资助，为此他获得他们矿资源三分之一的股份。见文章第三段4-9行内容：两名开矿者从Tabor那儿借走价值17美元的物品，作为回报，Tabor获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。于是两位开矿者在一座山旁的不毛之地开始挖掘，九天之后，发现了银的富矿，于是Tabor又将两人的股份全买下，这样，银矿属于Tabor一个人所有，这个矿就是后来著名的"匹兹堡"矿。Tabor用17美元的投资换来了130万美元的收获。

4. B推断题。由原文可知泰勃的财产来源是有一定偶然性的，但是毕竟也是基于他开创的"grubstake"模式，因为A、D都不对，C更是没有根据，因为他还没有娶第二位夫人这一切就发生了。分析泰勃的做法，会得出B选项所示的结论。

5. B推断题。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么在文章的第二部分将介绍谁呢?key可以从文章第一句分析出来，在Leadville的黄金年代，其多彩的特点当中，Tabor及其第二任妻子Elizabeth McCourt是值得大书特书的，接着，文章都在讲述有关H.A.W.Tabor发家致富的历史，如先买下匹兹堡矿，后又买下Matchless矿，最后成为市长，代理州长，等等，所以涉及到的全是男主人公，因此下边再讲的话，应成为女主人公即Elizabeth McCourt的天地了，她是Tabor的第二任妻子。这是顺理成章的事。

长难句解析

①【解析】"It"是形式主语，真正的主语是"to"后面的句子，"while"引导时间状语从句。

【译文】他的通常做法是对来采矿的人"下注"，说得更明确一点就是泰勃供给这些人食品、用品等物品，作为回报，当他们采到矿后就会分给他一部分股份。

　　全文翻译

Leadville的繁盛时期，有诸多有趣的人物，其中就有H.A.W.Tabor 和他的第二任妻子Elizabeth McCourt ，他们被称为"Baby Doe"。他们的发家史迅速变成古西部的传奇。贺瑞斯、安斯汀、华纳、陶伯原是佛蒙特州的一个老师。1855年，他带着第一任妻子和两个孩子，乘着载有全部家当的马车来到了堪萨斯州的一个农场。也许是他不喜欢务农，也可能是他被科罗拉多州的金矿传奇所吸引，总之，几年之后，他从西部搬到了科罗拉多州的一个被称为加利福尼亚谷的小矿聚集地。之后他成为这个州的州长，便将这里重命名为Leadville。他预言大量的铅矿在这里将被发现。

结果，这里出现的不是铅矿，而是银矿，这些银矿成为Leadville的好运和财富。陶伯本身对矿厂了解很少，于是他开了一个综合经营店，销售从靴子到盐，面粉以及香烟等各式各样的东西给那些需要援助的采矿者，换句话来说，他提供食品和其他供应，一旦有人发现矿厂，作为回报，他也能从中获益。他做了很多年，但是他支助的人都没有发现任何有价值的东西。

1878年的一天，两个矿工来寻求“下注”。但陶伯已经打算放弃了，因为他在此方面花了太多钱却一无所获。他们坚持自己的要求，陶伯忙得没空和他们争吵，所以他说：“好吧，再多一次也无所谓了。”说完他就做生意去了。两个矿工得到了17美金的供给，作为回报，他们将会给予陶伯他们淘金所得的三分之一利润。他们选择了一块荒山挖矿。9天之后，他们挖到了一座很富足的银矿。陶伯买下了两个矿工的股份，独自拥有了整座银矿，这就是后来著名的匹兹堡矿。陶伯以17美金的投资获得了1300000美金的回报。

后来，陶伯在城外的荒山上用$117 000买下了一个举世无双的矿。这个矿甚至比匹兹堡矿更为惊人，它曾为陶伯创下每天$35 000的银产出。Leadville慢慢发展起来了，陶伯成为它的第一个市长，后来又成为这个州的副州长。

3

Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future ? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.

The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall(意外之财)in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费)and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say , damage to the environment would be insignificant . “We’ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan .

Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output – and just 3% of the nation’s.

1. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?

A) It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves.

B) It will help secure the future of ANWR.

C) It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports

D) It will increase America’s energy consumption

2. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry _______

A) believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields

B) tends to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oil

C) shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR

D) expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia

3. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that _________

A) it can cause serious damage to the environment

B) it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems

C) it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region

D) it will not have much commercial value

4. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para .3)?

A) Oil exploitation takes a long time

B) The oil drilling should be delayed

C) Don’t be too optimistic

D) Don’t expect fast returns

5. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozen earth ______.

A) remains a controversial issue

B) is expected to get under way soon

C) involves a lot of technological problems

D) will enable the U.S. to be oil independent

这是一篇报道性的文章。文中就美国阿拉斯加州北极地区国家野生动植物保护区(ANWR)地下资源是否开发，以保证美国未来能源的需要，列出了正反两方面的意见。布什总统主张开放这一地区的地下资源，是有业内也积极响应;但环保主义者却提出反对意见，认为此举杯水车薪(a drop in the bucket),无济于事。

1.本题为细节题，答案是C：(布什总统认为)这将有助于减少国家的石油进口。

根据第1段第3句He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence可作出判断。boost to the country’s energy independence(推进国家的能源自主)即“有助于减少国家的石油进口”，所以正确答案为C。

其他选项：选项A，浙江耗尽国家的资源;B，这将确保ANWR的未来;D，这将增加美国的能源消耗。

2.本题为简单推论题，答案是A：(美国石油业)相信在ANWR钻探将会有高产石油。

第1段末尾根据1998年的勘测，ANWR石油的产量为3 billion to 16 billion 桶，第2段谈到，The oil industry goes with the high end of the range(美国石油业倾向于这个范围的高端)，也就是说ANWR地区有高产石油。

其他选项：B，倾向于夸大美国对外国的石油的依赖;C，对在ANWR开采石油没显出什么兴趣;D，期待停止从沙特阿拉伯进口石油。

3.本题为细节题，答案是B：(反对者认为)这种做法对解决美国能源问题没多大作用。

参见文中第3段： there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels......a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems.

其他选项：A，此举会造成环境的严重的破坏;C，此举会耗尽阿拉斯加地区的石油储量;D，此举没多少经济价值。这些都不是反对者的主要论点。

4.本题为推论题，答案是C：不要太乐观。

原文的Not so fast也即是“ANWR的开采没那么快”，后面谈到消费者至少要等待10年才能获利(consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits),所以正确答案是C。

5.本题为推论题，答案是A：(ANWR的开采)仍然是一个有争议的问题。

文章从正反两方面提出了开发ANWR地区石油的利弊，但没有一个定论，因此正确答案是A。

其他选项：B，可望很快进行开发;C，包括许多技术方面的问题;D,将使美国能够在石油上独立自主。