一、Writing (Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Food Safety. You should write at least 150 words .following the outline given below.

1.接连发生的食品安全问题引起大家的密切关注，比如牛奶问题、鸡蛋问题等;

2.请分析一下食品安全的重要性;

3.你认为相关部门应采取什么措施加强食品安全。

【参考答案】：

On Food Safety

[1] The problem of food safety has attracted much attention　recently. [2] Everyone is astonished at the news that thousands of babies suffered from serious health problems because they had been fed with some poisonous milk products.

[3] The issue of food safety is so important that we cannot afford to ignore it. [4] For one thing, food safety concerns the well-being of all the people in the country. As is shown in the poisonous milk powder case, unsafe food does great harm to the health of consumers. [5] For another, failure to ensure the safety of food causes damage to the image of our government, especially when such food is exported to other countries. [6] Furthermore, unsafe food can undermine consumers’　confidence in the food industry, which may cause disastrous effect to our economy.

[7] Therefore, it is high time that our government should take all measures to make sure that all the food in our country is safe to eat. The government must strictly carry out food safety standards, and impose severe punishment on those who violate them.

【答案解析】

[1] 按照英文行文习惯，直接点明主题。

[2] 列举实例，说明食品安全问题的严重程度。

[3] 段落的主题句。

[4] [5] [6] 用:For one thing„For another„ Furthermore列举需要重视食品安全问题的原因。

[7] 总结全文。it is high time that„句型用于呼吁有关单位采取行动。take measures，impose pun-ishment on等都是亮点短语。

　　[写作指南]

根据写作提纲，本文的写作思路如下:

第一段介绍食品安全问题的现状，说明目前社会上存在严重的食品安全问题，指出该问题已经到了不容忽视的地步。

第二段主体部分从三个角度分析食品安全问题的重要意义:食品安全事关人民的身体健康;食品安全事关政府、国家的国际形象;食品安全事关国家产业竞争力。因此，我们必须要重视食品安全问题。

第三段呼吁有关部门采取措施加强食品安全管理，如严格执行食品安全标准，加强市场监管力度，对出现问题的企业从重处罚以起到震慑效果等。

　　[句型变换]

[1] 1. The problem of food safety has attracted much attention recently.

2. More and more people have been concerned about the issue of food safety recently.

3. Recently there has been a heated discussion on the topic of food safety.

4. Much has been discussed recently concerning the food safety problem.

[3] 1. The issue of food safety is so important that we cannot afford to ignore it.

2. The issue of food safety is of critical importance and it must be brought into our attention.

3. The food safety problem is so important that we must pay close attention to it.

4. The food safety problem is so important that it must be dealt with properly.

[4] [5] [6] 1. For one thing... For another... Furthermore...

阅读理解之选词填空

The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens(雅典)in 1896and only twelve nations participated. Besides the host nationman participants were tourists who __1__ to be in Greece atthe time. Though the whole affair was __2__ and the standardwas not high, the old principle of amateur sport was kept up.Since then the games had been held every four yearsexcept during the __3__ of the two World War. This was __4__ adeparture from the old Olympic spirit when wars had to stoPandmake way for the games.The games have grown enormously in scale and __5__performances have now reached unprecedented heights.Unfortunately the same cannot be said about their __6__ standard.Instead of Olympia, the modern games are now held in differentcities all over the world. Inevitably politics and commercialismget involvedas countries vie each other for(为 ...... 而互相竞争) the __7__ to hold the games because of the politicalprestige and commercial profit to be __8__ out of them. Inthe 11 th games held in Berlin in 1936, Hitler who had newlycome to __9__ in Germany tried to use the occasion for hisNazi propaganda. For the first time the Olympic flame wasbrought all the way from Olympia to the games site in relays,a marathon journey now often taking months to __10__.

A) honour

B) accomplish

C) had

D) moral

E) arrive

F) occured

G) end

H) power

I) happened

J) definitely

K) Physical

L) informal

M) interruption

N) especially

O) irregular

　　答案：

1.选I　2.选L　3.选M　4.选J　5.选K

6.选D　7.选A　8.选C　9.选H　10.选B

　　阅读理解之快速阅读

　　How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint Presentations

A) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.

The Text

B) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words.Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.

C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24.Use only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.

D) Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.

E) Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.

F) Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.

G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.Don’t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check” on your show when finished.

The Background

H) Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don’t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.

The Clips

I) Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words.

J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships.

The Presentation

K) If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you’re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.

L) Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don’t move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B” on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.

M) You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you’ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once.

Miscellaneous

N) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide” will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide” level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master” menu. Select the “slide master” menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.

1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.

2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.

3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.

4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word.

5. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read.

6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.

7. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.

8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can.

9. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you’ve drawn.

10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master” level.

　　答案：

1.A

A段讲到了微软的PowerPoint对学术及商业陈述形式的改变，可以直接定位到文章的首段。

2.B

根据题干中的信息词wording of the text定位到第一个小标题下的第一段。

3.C

根据题干中的信息词the font styles for the title and the text定位到C段。

4.F

根据题干中的信息词more formal situation和capitalizing定位到第一个小标题下的F段。

5.G

根据题干中的信息词Centering bulleted lists or text定位到第一个小标题下的G段。

6.H

根据题干中的信息词Sound effects定位到第二个小标题下的H段，Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such as sound effects。

7.J

根据题干中的信息词importing和two megabytes定位到第三个小标题下的J段。

8.L

根据题干中的信息词look at the audience定位到第四个小标题下的L段。

9.M

根据题干中的信息词Pressing the E key定位到第四个小标题下的M段。

10.N

根据题干中的信息词make changes at the “slide master” level定位到文章的最后一段可得答案。

　　阅读理解之仔细阅读

The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religio, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition. Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.

By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life.

In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha. In many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life.

Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments.

1. What is the passage mainly concerned about?

A. Religion has a variety of interpretation.

B. Religion is a reflection of ignorance.

C. Religion is not only confined to the Christian categories.

D. Religion includes all kinds of activities.

2. What does the word “observance” probably convey in Para. 1?

A. notice

B. watching

C. conformity

D. experience

3. According to the passage what people generally consider religion to be?

A. Fantastic observance

B. Spiritual practice

C. Individual observance of tradition

D. A complex of activities

4. Which of the following is not true?

A. It is believed by some that religion should be what it ought to be.

B. “The path of enlightenment” is a definition that the author doesn’t agree to.

C. According to the author, the committed believers define religion improperly.

D. The author doesn’t speak in favor of the definition of “the sacred”.

5. Which of the following is religion according to the passage?

A. Performance of human beings.

B. Buddha, monotheism and some tribal tradition.

C. Practice separated from culture.

D. All the above.

参考答案：

ACBDB

阅读理解之仔细阅读

The food irradiation process is a simple one. The new U.S. plant, Vindicator of Florida Incorporated in Mulberry, Fla., uses a material called cobalt 60 to irradiate food. Cobalt 60 is radioactive isotope (form) of the metallic element cobalt. Cobalt 60, which gives off radiation in the form of gamma rays, is also used for radiation therapy for cancer patients and for sterilizing hospital equipment. The radioactive isotope is created by bombarding cobalt with subatomic particles in a nuclear reactor. However, irradiation plants do not themselves contain nuclear reactors.

In the irradiation plant, food is exposed to thin rods of cobalt 60. The rods give off gamma rays, which disrupt chemical processes in contaminating organisms. The disruption breaks down the cell walls of organisms or destroys their genetic material. The dose, set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is enough to kill organisms on food, but not enough to produce significant changes in the food itself.

Although irradiation slightly decreases the nutritive value of foods, the loss is less than that produced by some other methods of food preservation. Canning, for example, results in a much greater loss of nutrients.

Those who object to irradiation say that the process may create substances not found in nonirradiated food. Since the 1960’s researchers have studied irradiated food at microscopic levels to try to find such substances, called unique radiolytic products. After reviewing these studies, the FDA determined that compounds formed during irradiation are similar to substance found in nonirradiated foods and are not dangerous to consume.

Destruction of microorganisms that cause illness is an important goal of irradiation. About 250 million cases of food poisoning or 1 per person—occur every year in the U.S., according to FDA estimates. Food poisoning can cause vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache—and, occasionally, death.

Because of the apparent safety of food irradiation, and the problems presented by contaminated food, scientific groups—including the American Medical Association, the World Health Organization, and the United Nations food and Agriculture Association—have voiced nearly universal support for the process. Worldwide, 38 nations have approved irradiation for 355 products.

Like microwave ovens, food irradiation has aroused apprehension and misunderstanding. Yet it has been scrutinized more thoroughly than other methods of food treatment that we have come to regard as safe, and it appears to be a method whose time has come.

1.Cobalt 60, besides irradiating food, is also employed to ___.

A.detect metallic flaws

B.run a nuclear reactor

C.cure cancer patients

D.strengthen concrete walls

2.Gamma rays used to irradiate food ___.

A.are generally not strong enough to destroy contaminating organisms

B.do not bring about significant changes in the food itself

C.may destroy some of the nutrients in the food

D.should be submitted to FDA for approval

3.Irradiated food ___.

A.certainly loses its nutritive value

B.maintains its nutritive value no different from the nonirradiated

C.keeps its nutritive value better than canned food

D.is recommended as the best of all preserved foods

4.With cases of food poisoning increasing, ___.

A.food irradiation should be carried out with care

B.it is more urgent to irradiate foods

C.medical researches into treatment of the diseased should be strengthened

D.Americans are beginning to accept food irradiation

5.The passage may be taken from ___.

A.a news report

B.a textbook of food processing

C.a book of popular science

D.a manual of food irradiation

　　答案：CBCCD