试卷说明：
◇ 本卷共分为 6大题 67小题，作答时间为 130分钟，总分 710 分，426 分及格。
Part I Writing. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Civil Servant Test Craze. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
The Influence of Mobile Phone on Students
本题共106.5分
一、听力选择题
2听音频：请点击左侧的播放器控制播放
回答2-36题。
A.
Power off the computer.
B.
Lock up the cabinet.
C.
Check her e-mail online.
D.
Leave with the man.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
A.Power off the computer.
B.Lock up the cabinet.
C.Check her e-mail online.
D.Leave with the man.
M：I’m ready to leave.Shall I power off the computer now and lock up the cabinet?
w：Well，I still want to check my e-mail before I go. So leave the computer to me.
Q：What is the woman likely to do next?
3
A.
The funny TV program.
B.
The message from her sister.
C.
The telephone conversation.
D.
The brilliant textbook.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: B
A.The funny TV program.
B. The message from her sister
C.The telephone conversation.
D.The brilliant textbook.
M：I don’t find the TV program funny at all.But how could I hear your laughers even before I entered the house?
w：No ,it isn’t.I was reading the text message I my sister sent me from her phone.It was brilliant.
Q：What made the woman laugh?
4
A.
He has never heard of the news.
B.
He isn’t very fond of changes.
C.
He is trying to make some adjustment.
D.
He may have problem in graduating.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: D
A.He has never heard of the news.
B.He isn’t very fond of changes.
C.He is trying to make some adjustment.
D.He may have problem in graduating.
W：Have you heard that they are going to raise the requirement for graduation?
M：Really ? That would be a disater for me.You know I barely meet the present requirement.
Q：What does the man mean?
5
A.
The man is thrilled by the flight.
B.
The man enjoys the modem atmosphere.
C.
The man has been to the place before.
D.
The man is in need of a good rest.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: D
A.The man is thrilled by the flight.
B.The mail enjoys the modem atmosphere.
C.The mall has been to the place before.
D.The mall is in need of a good rest.
w：Isn’t it gorgeous that we are now in the"big apple"? Look at the neon lights and the skyscrapers.Aren’t you thrilled?
M： Yes，after so many hours of flying, I can finally lie comfortably in bed.
Q：What call we learn from the conversation?
6
A.
Watch the TV program with the woman.
B.
Take the course on the nervous system.
C.
Prepare for the next day’s presentation.
D.
Help the woman with her coursework.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
A.Watch the TV program with the woman.
B.Take the course on the nervous system.
C.Prepare for the next day’s presentation.
D.Help the woman with her coursework.
W：There is going to be a TV program on human brain this evening.Shall we watch it together?
M：I’m sure you call benefit from it as you are attending lectures on the nervous system.But I just need to go over the prsentation again before I deliver it tomorrow.
Q：What will the man do in the evening?
7
A.
He is short of cash.
B.
He has no patient to wait.
C.
He is buying illegal drugs.
D.
He has an invalid prescription.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: D
A.He is short of cash.
B.He has no patient to wait.
C.He is buying illegal drugs.
D.He has an invalid prescription.
M：Excuse me,I’d like to have this prescription filled.How long should I wait and how much is it?
W：oh，I’m sorry ,There is no doctor’s signature here.I’m afraid I can’t：sell you the drugs.
Q：What problem does the man have?
8
A.
The woman lives too far from work.
B.
The car may not be a good choice.
C.
Subway suits hint very well.
D.
The traffic in the city is terrible.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: B
A.The woman lives too far from work.
B.The car may not be a good choice.
C.Subway suits him very well.
D.The traffic in the city is terrible.
W：I wish I had a car, Standing in a crowded subway train is really exhausting.
M：If you had a ca，it would take you two hours to get here from your home in the suburb ,not to mention the high cost of fuel.
Q：What does the man mean?
9
A.
Get good academic records.
B.
Make a list of what he should focus on.
C.
Show his appreciation to volunteers.
D.
Run for the Chairman of the Students’ Union.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: A
A.Get good academic records.
B.Make a list of what he should focus on.
C.Show his appreciation to volunteers.
D.Run for the Chairman of the Students’ Union.
W：For the nomination of the Chairman of the Students’Union ,I put your name in the list.
M：Really ?I appreciate your trust，but I prefer to focus on my academic study and volunteer work for now.
Q：What does the man intend to do?
W：Hey，Sunny，I would like to ask a few questions about marriage in Korea.What age do they usually get married?
M：I think the average age for Koreans to marry is about 27 to 28 for girls，and then 30 t0 31 for guys，(9)because, guys in Korea，they have to serve military service ,so that’s why it makes marriage a little bit later than other countries.I think.
W：Okay.And where are the like marriages usually held?
M：It is usually held at a wedding hall.And for people who believe in Catholic or Christian，they do it in churches or cathedrals.
W：Is it usually like expensive，and they have like big weddings ?Or they invite all locals or…
M：Well，it depends on people;but usually，(10)the groom invites about 100 people ,and the bride invites about the same.And then, relatives come and then friends come, so I think it’s like pretty big ,compared to western cultures.
W：It sounds expensive，but who pays for all that，for all the...
M：As long as I know，it’s about half and half for groom and bride.And for gifts，like usually guys provide home，and then the girls provide refrigerators and sofas and the gadgets in the home.
W：And can you tell me another unique thing in a Korean marriage?
M：(11)Wedding ceremonies in Korea ,it is made of two parts.The first part is like western style .We are wearing--brides wear this wedding dress，like white wedding dress and something like that.And then.The guys wear suits.And then in second part，we wear traditional Korean clothes.I think that’s kind of unique in Korean wedding.
10 Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A.
Because they want more freedom.
B.
Because they have to serve in the army.
C.
Because they want to get higher education.
D.
Because they follow traditional customs.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: B
Why does Korean men malty later than people in other countries?
A.Because they want more freedom.
B.Because they have to serve in the army.
C.Because they want to get higher education.
D.Because they follow traditional customs.
详解 对话开头，女士询问韩国人通常结婚的年龄，男士回答说女孩的平均结婚年龄为27到28岁，男孩的平均结婚年龄为30到31岁，因为他们不得不服兵役，故答案为B.。
11
A.
It is usually held in churches or cathedrals.
B.
It is often followed by a honeymoon trip.
C.
It usually has a large group of guests.
D.
It is often paid by groom.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
What can we learn about the wedding in Korea?
A.It is usually held in churches or cathedrals.
B.It is often followed by a honeymoon trip.
C.It usually has a large group of guests.
D.It is often paid by groom.
详解 对话中，女士询问男士婚礼的规模，男士回答说通常新郎邀请大约100人，新娘也是，婚礼规模比西方的要大，花费也大，故C.为答案。
12
A.
People strictly observe the traditional customs.
B.
People receive a lot of gifts from relatives and friends.
C.
People wear red clothes instead of white.
D.
People hold two parts of ceremonies.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: D
What is the unique thing about wedding ceremonies in Korea?
A.People strictly observe the traditional customs.
B.People receive a lot of gifts from relatives and friends.
C.People wear red clothes instead of white.
D.People hold two parts of ceremonies.
详解 对话中，女士询问男士韩国婚礼上有什么独特之处，男士回答在韩国婚礼仪式分为西式和传统两部分，西式穿白色婚纱礼服，传统仪式要穿韩服，故D.为答案。
M：Hey，I’m a little low on cash these days?
W：Really ? What about getting a new job?
M：No，there’s still a good half-year before graduating.
W：Yeah，those half-years，you should spend it wisely.This is the best chance to get a job.
M：What do you mean?
W：(12) Well ,I think this is your last chance to get a job before you graduate.Or what do you plan on after graduating ? Just hanging around ? Playing games?
13 Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A.
Looking for a new job.
B.
Plans before graduation.
C.
Part-time job experience.
D.
Financial difficulties.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: B
What are the two speakers talking about?
A.Looking for a new job.
B.Plans before graduation.
C.Part time job experience.
D.Financial difficulties.
详解 对话开头，女士询问男士是否找到新工作，男士回答说他半年后才毕业，而女士认为毕业前半年是找工作的好机会，并且询问男士对手毕业以后是否已经有了计划，故B.为答案。
14
A.
Find an opening.
B.
Study hard.
C.
Graduate early.
D.
Keep her part-time job.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: D
What is the woman going to do?
A.Find all opening.
B.Study hard.
C.Graduate early.
D.Keep her part-time job.
详解 对话中，男士询问女士有什么计划，女士回答说现在经济形势不好，她想继续做兼职工作，故D.为答案。
15
A.
Inspiring.
B.
Exciting.
C.
Depressing.
D.
Confusing.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
How does the mall think of getting graduated?
A.Inspiring.
B.Exciting.
C.Depressing.
D.Confusing.
详解 对话中，男士听完女士目前的打算后，想到自己即将步入社会而感到沮丧，故C.为答案。
16
A.
Apply for full scholarship.
B.
Study further at school.
C.
Stop regretting for graduation.
D.
Start a firm of his own.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: B
What does the woman advise the man to do?
A.Apply for full scholarship.
B.Study further at school.
C.Stop regretting for graduation.
D.Start a firm of his own.
详解 对话中，女士对男士说自己的朋友毕业后都想回校，并且现在的经济状况不利于找工作，所以建议男士多学点东西，等经济状况好转，再找一份好工作.故B.为答案。
17 Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.
It required all children to go to school.
B.
It lowered the age of entering the school.
C.
It rose the age of leaving school.
D.
It set different requirement in communities.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
What new policies did Norway government launch in the middle of 1950s?
A.It required all children to go to school.
B.It lowered the age of entering the school.
C.It rose the age of leaving school.
D.It set different requirement in communities.
详解 短文中讲到在20世纪50年代，挪威政府将学生毕业离校的年龄要求从14岁提到了16岁，故答案为C.。
18
A.
Malting educated changes nationwide takes decades of years.
B.
The younger students attend schools, the better their results are.
C.
Nine years of compulsory schooling is ideal in Norway.
D.
More years at school result in higher test scores.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: D
What did Galloway find in her research?
A.Making educated changes nationwide takes decades of years.
B.The younger students attend schools.the better their results are.
C.Nine years of compulsory schooling is ideal in Norway.
D.More years at school result in higher test scores.
详解 根据Galloway的研究，上9年学的孩子比上7年学的孩子分数高7分，而上8年学的孩子也比上7年的孩子分数高4分，故答案为D.。
19
A.
107,000 young Norway people.
B.
People who had 9 years of schooling.
C.
People who had 7 years of schooling.
D.
33 young people ages 12 to 16.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: D
Who are the subjects of the study in the journal Nature?
A.107，000 young Norway people.
B.People who had 9 years of schooling.
C.People who had 7 years of schooling9.
D.33 young people ages 12 t0 16.
详解 2004年，研究人员对33名年龄在12至16岁之间的孩子进行了研究，测试了他们的IQ分数，并将研究结果发表在《自然》期刊上，故答案为D.。
20
A.
The density of some gray matter increased.
B.
The density of some gray matter decreased.
C.
The area of the gray matter became bigger.
D.
The area of the gray matter became smaller.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: A
What is the change in people’s brains when their IQ scores increased?
A.The density of some gray matter increased.
B.The density of some gray matter decreased.
C.The area of the gray matter became bigger.
D.The area of the gray matter became smaller.
详解研究人员发现，当IQ分数上升时，大脑中某些区域的灰质密度有所上升，故答案为A.。
21 Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.
To learn how people think about ocean.
B.
To show how ocean affects people’s lives.
C.
To tell if something goes wrong with the oceans.
D.
To develop measures to deal with oceans’ problems.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
What’s the Ocean Health Index designed for?
A.To learn how people think about ocean.
B.To show how ocean affects people’s lives.
C.To tell if something goes wrong with the oceans.
D.To develop measures to deal with oceans’problems.
详解 短文开头部分明确指出，0cean Health Index的设计旨在发现海洋是否出现了问题，如果真的出现了问题，人们能够做些什么，故答案为C.。
22
A.
It is designed by an environmental group.
B.
It is funded by the Global Agenda Council.
C.
It is the first transparent measure of ocean health.
D.
It has changed people’s attitude towards the oceans.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
What is one of the distinguished features of the Ocean Health Index?
A.It is designed by an environmental group.
B.It is funded by the Global Agenda Council.
C.It is the first transparent measure of ocean health.
D.It has changed people’s attitude towars the oceans.
详解 短文中提到，根据Stone先生的说法，海洋健康指数是首个针对海洋健康进行的科学透明的测量，故答案为C.。
23
A.
Absorb the waste gas.
B.
Adapt to the climate.
C.
Be a source of protein.
D.
Serve as a healing place.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
What can oceans do for people?
A.Absorb the waste gas.
B.Adapt to the climate.
C.Be a source of protein.
D.Serve as a healing place.
详解 短文中间部分指出，海洋为人类提供了氧气、调节气候，而且四分之一的人从海洋中获取蛋白质，故答案为C.。
24 Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.
At the age of 18.
B.
At the age of 25.
C.
At the age of 50.
D.
At the age of 85.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
When does the worry begin to drop in a people’s life?
A.At the age of 18.
B.At the age of 25.
C.At the age of 50.
D.At the age of 85.
详解 根据2008年的一项研究，人们通常在50岁的时候会感到越来越幸福，而且焦虑情绪会逐渐下降，故答案为C.。
25
A.
They have the highest levels of stress.
B.
They go through a sharp drop of stress levels.
C.
They are the happiest group of people.
D.
They are least likely to report negative emotions.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: A
What do the findings tell about people between the ages of 22 and 25 ?
A.They have the highest levels of stress.
B.They go through a sharp drop of stress level.
C.They are the happiest group of people.
D.They are least likely to report negative emotions.
详解 短文中提到，根据Arthur Stone的研究，年龄在22至25岁之间的成年人"焦虑的程度最高"，故答案为A.。
26
A.
The grow-up of children.
B.
The stable source of income.
C.
Better control of the emotions.
D.
More and more happy experience.
本题共7.1分， 参考答案: C
What is the possible cause of the fact that happiness increases with age ?
A.The grow-up of children.
B.The stable source of income.
C.Better control of the emotions.
D.More and more happy experience.
详解 短文最后提到了幸福感随着年龄而增长的原因，有理论认为随着年龄的增长，人们更知道为自己所拥有的东西而感恩，能够"更好地控制情绪"，并且不再去想那些不好的经历，故答案为C.。
二、听力填空 Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
27听音频，回答下面各题。
Some people think of politics as a game. But an online game makes people 26 themselves doing one of the hardest jobs in American politics: cutting the federal budget. The game is called Budget Hero.
Students in Los Angeles and other cities have been playing it. Budget Hero lets them 27 how they want to spend federal tax dollars. The game uses information from the 28 Budget Office. It shows what effects each cost-cutting proposal would have.
The game was developed in 2008. In the newest 29 , students make decisions about what spending is important to them. Do they want to reduce taxes? 30 environmental protection? What should they do about defense spending? Making these decisions helps 31 their goals.
Jane Harmon, a former Democratic 32 from California who has served in Congress for almost twenty years, offered students some ideas. She now heads the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, which helped create Budget Hero. More than one million people have played it 33 , she says, and she thinks they have learned at least two things. One is how hard it is and the other is that it can be done if there’s a will to do it. Ms. Harmon also says the students are having more 34 than Congress at cutting the budget. She says that kids, and actually adults too who play this game, have open minds and they want to learn what the facts are. And sadly, a lot of Congress is a fact-free universe, and that is 35 for the country.
请回答(26)题__________. 本题共7.1分
此处应填入动词原形作make的补语。think of意为"认为"。
28 请回答(27)题__________.
本题共7.1分
此处应填入动词原形作let的补语。decide意为"决定"。
29 请回答(28)题__________.
本题共7.1分
此处应填入形容词来修饰Budget Office。Congressional意为"国会的"。注意此处Congressional Budget Office为专有名词，空格中的单词首字母需要大写。
30 请回答(29)题__________.
本题共7.1分
空格前是形容词的最高级形式newest，故此处应填入名词。version意为 "版本"。
31请回答(30)题__________. 本题共7.1分
空格所在句为问句，空格后为名词，推测为祈使句，故应填入谓语动词。spend…on意为"花费在……上"。
32 请回答(31)题__________.
本题共7.1分
空格位于help后，应填入动词原形。clarify意为"澄清，阐明"。
33 请回答(32)题__________.
本题共7.1分
空格位于形容词Democratic后，应填入名词。representative意为"代表"。
34 请回答(33)题__________.
本题共7.1分
空格所在句结构完整，应填入副词或副词短语修饰整句话。so far意为"迄今为止"。
35 请回答(34)题__________.
本题共7.1分
空格位于比较级more之后，应填入名词作其中心词。success意为"成功"。
36 请回答(35)题__________.
本题共7.1分
空格位于that is…for…结构中，应填入形容词。tragic意为"悲剧的"。
Section A
37根据以上内容，回答37-46题。
At age 17, as a senior in high school, Kavita Shukla filed for her second patent: a piece of paper that would transform how food is stored and kept fresh. Ten years later, her product is being used in 35 countries, has been called "the 36 paper" and was recently launched in Whole Foods. Fresh Paper is infused with organic spices that inhibit 37 and fungal growth; when stored with produce, it can keep food fresh two to four times longer than normal--like refrigeration without electricity. The spice mixture comes from an old family recipe passed along by Shukla’s grandmother, who once gave it to her after she 38 drank tap water on a visit to India. "Drink this and you won’t get sick," she was told.
On Friday, Shukla was joined onstage at the Women in the World Summit in New York by Rula Jebreal, a 39 and foreign-policy expert at MSNBC (微软全国有线广播电视公司). Jebreal lamented the fact that while the world’s farmers actually produce enough food to feed the world’s hungry, 13 billion tons of food are lost annually to spoilage. What’s more, some 1.6 billion people currently living without
40 to refrigeration struggle to keep their diets healthy. Shukla’s company, Fenugreen, which she started in 2010, 41 these people, along with food banks and small-scale farmers. "For so many people, this was about so much more than a piece of paper," she said. "It was about empowerment. "
Jebreal praised a low-tech solution in an era when many 42 are relying on high-tech innovation."What if I had 43 it as too simple?" Shukla asked. "Simple ideas are the ones that have the power to change things.., and they have the power to 44 " For Fresh Paper, simplicity meant accessibility, which was key to 45 the product reached anyone who could benefit from it. As the discussion drew to a close, Shukla reminded inventors everywhere that complicated isn’t always better: "Don’t ever discount your own simple idea. "
请回答(36)题__________. 本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: J
J)。详解 空格位于定冠词the和名词paper之间，推断此处应填入形容词。由上文可知Kavita Shukla在17岁时发明了保鲜纸，10年后，这一产品已被35个国家采用。因而此处应填入一个积极意义的形容词来修饰这种纸，故填入J)miracle"神奇的"。备选形容词中，average"平均的"和bacterial"细菌的"均不符合句意，故排除。
38 请回答(37)题__________.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: D
D)。详解 空格所在句"inhibit…growth"意为"禁止……生长"，可推断空格处单词与and后的fungal"真菌的"为并列关系，故应填入与其意义相近的形容词，D)bacterial"细菌的"符合句差;故为答案。备选形容词中，average"平均的"不符合句意，故排除。
39 请回答(38)题__________.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: B
B)。详解 空格位于after引导的时间状语从句中，从句主谓宾完整，因此应填入副词。结合句意"有一次她去印度参观时饮用了自来水，之后，祖母给了她这个方子"可知，斯库拉饮用自来水是偶然的行为，因此B)accidentally"偶然地"符合句意。
40 请回答(39)题__________.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: H
H)。详解 空格所在句为同位语，解释说明Rula Jebreal，故应填入表示职业的单数名词，意思上与expert相近。因此H)host"主持人"符合题意。备选名词中，innovators"改革者"为复数形式，故排除;access"途径"和guarantee"保证人"与上下文意思不符，故排除。
41 请回答(40)题__________.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: A
A)。详解 空格所在成分"living without to refrigeration"为后置定语，修饰主语people。空格位于介词without和to之间，应填入可以与to搭配的名词。备选名词中只有access与to搭配，故A)access"途径"为答案。其他均不符合句意，故排除。
42 请回答(41)题__________.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: M
M)。详解 空格所在句缺少谓语，主语是Siukla’s company，因此应填入第三人称单数形式的动词，并且与company相关。因此M)targets这里意为"以……为目标 (人群)"符合题意，故为答案。备选动词中，triggers也是动词第三人称单数形式，但书符合句意，故排除;其他动词形式均不符，故排除。
43 请回答(42)题__________.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: I
I)。详解 参空格位于形容词many与谓语动词are之间，应填入复数形式的可数名词作主语。备选词E，只有innovators为复数形式的可数名词，因此I)innovators"改革者"为答案。
44 请回答(43)题__________.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: E
E)。详解 空格所在句缺少谓语动词，且有助动词had，故应填入动词过去分词。备选动词中只有dismissed是过去分词形式，因此E)dismissed"摒弃"为答案。
45 请回答(44)题__________.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: L
L)。详解 空格位于动词不定式to之后，应填入动词原形。前文提到这种低科技含量的创新受到赞扬，并用虚拟语气表明不应因想法简单而放弃，结合旬意"简单的主意具有__________的力量"可知，L)spread"传播"符合文意，故为答案。备选项中另一动词原形transmit"传递"与句意不符，故排除。
46 请回答(45)题__________. 本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO本题共8.2分， 参考答案: F
F)。详解 空格位于动词短语was key to后，to在这里是介词，应填入动名词。备选动词中只有F)ensuring"确保"是动名词，故为答案。
Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
47 根据以下内容，回答47-56题。
Six Steps to Tackling Your Student Loans
[A] Any payment is a good debt payment, but a strategy can be useful too-even if your strategy means opening the envelope.
Open the envelope
[B] This is the hardest thing to do. The bills come with the "Sallie Mae" or "Discover" logo on them and you toss them aside, hoping to deal with them when you feel less besieged (围攻). You know you started owing some amount- $20,000, $50,000, $100,000—and that the interest is piling up, but you don’t know exactly how much or how. When faced with heavy debt, many people try to avoid seeing the numbers.
[C] This doesn’t work, even psychologically. Anyone who has let credit-card bills or mortgage bills pile up, 1reopened, knows that avoiding the envelope does not reduce your anxiety; it increases it. As those envelopes multiply, they take over your psychological state. In horror movies, it’s like the monster in the room behind the door. You don’t know what it looks like, but it keeps you scared and immobile. So, open the envelope.
[D] Or, even better, log in online. All student loan providers have a web site where you can see what you owe, your interest rates, and your payment schedules. SallieMae. com is no-frills, but still allows you to see your loans on one screen, including your interest rates. Discover. corn also has a pretty basic site. Citibank has a more complex site. Get used to logging into these sites pretty often; ff you need motivation, think of it as visiting your money while it’s in prison.
[E] The websites all have one thing in common: they let you see how much you owe, and what your interest is, and they make it easy to pay-but they don’t let you see how much your debt load is growing. This is a major motivating factor in paying down your loans. Identify your loans
[F] Are your loans held by the federal government--usually through Sallie Mae--or through "private" lenders like Citibank or Discover? if you don’t know who holds your loans, you can find out here, at the National Student Loan Data System.
[G] Why do you need to know who holds your loans? This will make a difference to your payment options and your interest rates, if you have a federal loan, for instance, your interest rate is probably very low, around 32% ; ff you have private loans, the interest rates are likely to be much higher, around 48%. Federal loans also give you options like requesting forbearance (延期还贷) ff you’re out of work or if your income is too low-handy for the times when you’re down on your luck.
Start seeing your debt in new ways
[H] The websites of lenders are often limited and only have basic information. To really tackle your student loans, it can often be useful to visualize how much progress you’re making. There are several ways to do that.
[I] One really useful new free site is Tuition. io, which gathers information for all your loans in one place. You can see your debt in colorful charts, play around with repayment plans, and, once you start paying your loans, you can see the numbers start to fall. That can be very motivating.
[J] For the same effect that you can customize yourself, try a Google Docs spreadsheet. There’s a template that already exists for paying down loans; it has the unpromising title of "Loan amortization schedule by Vertex42. corn" but it has very handy calculators built in so that you can tweak your monthly payments to see how much progress you can make if you increase or decrease your payments in any given month. If you don’t like that template, just create a Google Docs spreadsheet with the categories you need: date; loan name/number; loan interest rate; starting loan amount ( including how much you owe on that date) ; payment amount you made on that date; ending loan amount after that payment. After you have enough entries, you can start creating graphs; there are few things more satisfying than seeing that graph move downward as you pay off your debt.
[K] If you want to see your loans in a larger context of your whole financial picture, LearnVest is a great mobile app for iPhone. It gathers all your information income, loans, credit card debt by linking to your accounts. It serves up useful graphs on your net worth, comparing your assets to what you owe -and there’s nothing more motivating than seeing a "minus" sign next to your financial picture. LearnVest "also lets you track your spending, which may make it easier to see where to cut down on expenses so that you can put more into your loan payments. LearnVest also has a good website full of useful advice .Don’t be afraid to scare yourself
[L] Student loans can often be scary and that’s Why you should slay them. The more you see how much you owe, and how fast your interest is rising, the more motivated you can be to fight back by paying those loans. One staffer, after she saw how much money she was wasting on interest payments, increased her student loan payments by $ 75 a month.
[M] It can also be tempting to believe that your student debt is so big that nothing you do can ever make a dent in it. That’s completely untrue. Only paying your loans will shrink them. It will take years, true. It will take even longer if you don’t pay, or pay the minimum. There’s only one outcome of shirking your loans: ending up with bigger loans. Then you’re in an even bigger bind. No one is going to save you from student loans. Action counts.
Choose a strategy
[N] Any payment is a good payment, but a strategy can be very useful too. There are two aspects to loans :principal and interest .Principal is how much you’ve borrowed ,and the interest is what you’re paying every month for the privilege of having borrowed that money. Your goal is to pay down as much of the principal as possible. Your chief enemy here is interest: it grows fast, and makes the principal recede more distantly.
[O] So make sure you know the rank of your loans, in order from smallest to largest, and lowest interest to highest interest. Do whatever is possible to reduce the interest; as our columnist Helaine Olen points out, Sallie Mac offers you a 0. 25% reduction in your loan interest if you sign up for an automatic debit ( 借方 ) plan--just make sure the money is always going to be in your account. If you don’t want to do that, follow Helaine’s other piece of advice: you’re smarter to pay off the loans with the higher interest rate flint. This will create the biggest impact. Another popular strategy is the "snowball" method, where you pay the most on the smallest debt owed. So if you have a $20,000 loan and a $10,000 loan, the "snowball" method means you will start paying more towards the $10,000 loan. You’ll see it disappear faster. These two methods don’t always go together; so try what feels comfortable. The important thing is to see and track your progress.
[P] If your income isn’t enough, consider other methods of producing money: side projects, odd jobs, or selling things you don’t need on eBay or Craigslist. For those whose parents can afford it, working out a joint payment plan can make sense. One graduate we know struck a savvy (精明的) deal with his parents: if he made the minimum student loan payment every month, they would contribute $100 toward his student loans. That’s $100 he doesn’t have to cut from his own budget. As a benefit, making bigger payments will help you pay down the principal of the loan, since the minimum payments often only end up reducing your interest, which balloons back later. Even $ 50 more a month can help.
[Q] Here’s an example: if you have a $ 20,000 loan, with a 4.2% interest, rate, you will end up paying an extra $ 2,814 in interest alone over six and a half years. If you increase your payment by only $ 50 a month, you’ll cut that interest by $ 500 ; ff you can find a way to pay $ I00 more a month, you’ll save nearly $ 800 in interest. That’s $ 800 more in the bank, and $ 800 less wanted on pointless interest payments.
Take it in stride
[R] Most Americans owe some form of debt; learning how to handle it is a lifelong process. Most of all, don’t beat yourself up if you’re not perfect at paying down your loans. Some of the savviest financial players struggled for years with their own finances. We all learn in our own time and we rind what works for us and what doesn’t. Accept your own progress.
If you have a federal loan, you are allowed to pay back the loan later when you are fired.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: G
If you have a federal loan.you are allowed to pay back the loan later when you are fired.
详解 如果你有联邦贷款，可以在失业时延期还款。
译文 由关键词a federal loan， later ,fired定位到原文划线句。
48 LearaVest informs you about your spending so that you can see where to save money to pay off your debt.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: K
LearnVest informs you about your spending so that you can see where to save money to pay off your debt.
译文 LearnVest的消费查询可以让你看到应该在哪里减少开支，以便节省出更多的钱还贷。
定位 由关键词LearnVest，spending，save money定位到原文划线句。
49 Even for financial experts, financial problems may have taken them years to deal with.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: R
Even for financial experts.Financial problems may have taken them years to deal with.
译文 秘即便是金融专家，他们也可能曾经花费了多年的时间来处理财务问题。
定位 由关键词financial experts，for years定位到原文划线句。
50 You are advised to start with the loans with the higher interest rate.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: O
You are advised to start with the loans with the higher interest rate.
【O】So make sure you know the rank of your loans，in order from smallest to largest，and lowest interest to highest interest.Do whatever is possible to reduce the interest;as our columnist Helaine Olen points out，Sallie Mae offers you a 0.25% reduction in your loan interest if you sign up for an automatic debit(借方)plan-just make sure the money is always going to be in your account.If you don’t want to do mat，follow Helaine’s other piece of advice：you’re smarter to pay off the loans with the higher interest rate first.This will create the biggest impact.Another popular strate! is the"snowball"method，where you pay the most on the smallest debt owed.So if you have a$20，000 loan and a$10.000 loan.the"snowball"method means you will start paying more towards the $10.000 loan.You’ll see it disappear faster.These two methods don’t always go together;so try what feels comfortable.The important thing is to see and track your progress.
译文 人们应该优先偿还 利率高的债务。
定位 由关键词advised，higher interest rate定位到原文划线句。
51 Many Americans are in debt and learning how to handle it will take a lifetime.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: R
Many Americans ale in debt and learning how to handle it will take a lifetime.
译文 许多美国人都有债务，并且需要用一生的时间来学习如何处理债务。
定位 由关键词debt，handle，lifetime定位到原文划线句。
52 With Google Docs spreadsheet, you can create your own personalized debt graphs.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: J
With Google Docs spreadsheet，you can create your own personalized debt graphs.
译文 借助于Google Dos spreadsheet，你能够创建自己个性化的债务图表。
定位 由关键词Google Docs spreadsheet，personalized，graphs定位到原文划线句。
53 If you don’t have enough income, you are advised to try other ways of making money.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: P
If you don’t have enough income，you are advised to try other ways of making money.
译文 如果你收入不够，可以考虑别的赚钱方法。
定位 由关键词enough，income.making money定位到原文划线句。
54 Those student, loan providers’ websites don’t present the growth of your debt load.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: E
Those student loan providers’websites don’t present the growth of your debt load.
译文 学生贷款网站不展示你的债务增长额。
定位 由关键词websites，growth，debt load定位到原文划线句。
55 The result of inaction to your loans is to bring about bigger loans.
本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: M
The result of inaction to your loans is to bring about bigger loans.
译文 逃避债务的结果是带来更大的债务。
定位 由关键词result，bigger loans定位到原文划线句。
56 When you toss away envelopes containing your bills, you actually feel more anxious about it. 本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR本题共8.2分， 参考答案: C
When you toss away envelopes containing your bills，you actually feel more anxious about it.
译文 当你把装有账单的信封丢到一边时，实际上会让你更加焦虑。
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57 Questions 57-61are based on the following passage.
3D glasses help doctors perform invasive surgery when their hands are obscured from view.
Moviegoers aren’t the only ones wearing 3D glasses nowadays—doctors could benefit from them, too, a new study suggests.
In the past, doctors have been skeptical of using 3D technology in their work, preferring to rely on their own experience. But that may change, thanks to improved 3D glasses and even glasses-free systems .Funded by industry sponsors, the study of 50 surgeons using the new technology showed improvements in surgical precision and speed.
"While the technology still requires some free-tuning, technology without the need to wear special glasses will increase the popularity of 3D systems in operating rooms," study leader Ulrich Leiner of the Fratmhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI) in Berlin said in a statement.
Improvements to screens are driving developments in 3D technology. High-definition screens are already available. The next step is ultra-high definition, with a sixteen fold improvement in resolution, according to study co-author Michael Witte of HHI.
To evaluate whether new 3D technology was ready for hospital applications, researchers invited surgeons from the Klinikum rechts der Isar’s surgical hospital to test it out. A leading endoscope manufacturer and an international display company funded the study.
The surgeons tested four different systems: 2D, 3D with glasses, 3D without glasses and a mirror-based 3D system. The glasses-free model relied on an eye-tracking camera system that delivered separate images to each eye, creating a 3D effect in the brain.
The images came from endoscopic cameras used in surgery. The doctors practiced a simulated, routine surgical procedure in which they sewed up a wound in a model patient’s stomach using a needle and thread. Just as in a minimally invasive surgery, their hands were obscured from view and they relied
on the screen to see what they were doing.
"The results were astonishing," Hubertus Feuner, of the Klinikum rechts der Isar university hospital in Munich, said in a statement. The winning surgeon performed the procedure in 15 percent less time and with considerably increased precision, Feuner said.
The most surprising thing was that not only young surgeons benefited, but experienced surgeons also, according to the researchers. The winning doctor has worked at the hospital for more than 30 years and has conducted thousands of operations.
The surgeons in the study rated the 3D glasses system the highest, and the glasses-free system as comparable to the 2D one.
Once the technology is widely available, will doctors begin using it. "There’s no doubt that 3D will be a commodity in the future." Witte said.
The study’s findings will be presented at a congress of the Association of German. Surgeons in Berlin in April. The findings have not been published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal.
What can be inferred about 3D glasses from the second paragraph?
A.
Doctors usually have a poor eye sight.
B.
Moviegoers often wear 3D glasses to watch films.
C.
Some doctors are moviegoers.
D.
Moviegoers know how to perform surgery.
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: B
B)。定位到第二段：Moviegoers aren’t the only ones wearing 3D glasses nowadays—doctors could benefit from them，too，a new study suggests.
详解 理判断题。本题考查读者对该段言外之意的理解。定位段指出，如今戴着3D眼镜的并非只有电影爱好者，一项新的研究表明3D眼镜也能让医生获益，言外之意就是，电影爱好者经常戴着3D眼镜观看电影，故答案为B)。A)"医生视力不好"、C)"有些医生也是电影爱好者"和D)"电影爱好者会做手术"在文中并未提及，故均排除。
58What was the doctors’ attitude toward 3D technology in the past?
A.
Apathetic.
B.
Positive.
C.
Disappointed.
D.
Doubtful.
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: D
D) 定位 由题干中in the past定位到第三段第一句：In the past，doctors have been skeptical of using 3D technology in their work，preferring to rely on their own experience.
详解 参观点态度题。本题考查过去医生对3D技术的态度。定位句提到，在过去，医生对工作中使用3D技术持怀疑态度，他们更愿意依靠自身的经验，D)为skeptical的近义词，故为答案。A)"冷漠的"、B)"积极的"和C)"失望的"，均排除。
59To create a 3D effect in the brain, an eye-tracking camera system
A.
enabled each eye to receive separate images
B.
separated images for each eye
C.
delivered images of each eye through a camera
D.
delivered to each glass separate images
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: A
A)。定位 由题干中的eye.tracking camera system定位到第七段第二句：The glasses.free model relied on all eye-tracking camera system that delivered separate images to each eye，creating a 3D effect in the brain.
详解 事实细节题。本题考查视线捕捉摄像系统的功能。定位句提到，无需佩戴眼镜的系统依靠捕捉视线的摄像系统将独立的图像发送到每只眼睛，从而在大脑中形成3D效果，故A)为答案。B)"为眼睛分开图像"文章并未提及，故排除;C)"通过摄像机来传输眼睛的图像"是对文章意思的曲解，故排除;D)"将独立的图像发送到每个眼镜"与文意不符，故排除。
60The benefits that 3D technology may bring to surgeons are
A.
less precision and less time
B.
improved precision and less time
C.
improved precision and more time
D.
obscured views
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: B
B)。定位 由题干中的benefits that 3D technology may bring to surgeons定位到第九段第二句：The winning surgeon performed the procedure in l5 percent less time and with considerably increased precision.Feuner said.
详解 事实细节题。本题考查3D技术带来的好处。由定位句可知，费斯纳尔说，"测试中完成最好的医师不仅少花了15%的时间而且精准性得到大幅提高，即更高的精准性与更少的时间"，故答案为B)。同时，排除A)与C);D)"模糊的视线"文中并未提及，故排除。
61What can be inferred from the feedbacks of the surgeons?
A.
3D glasses system has the highest technology.
B.
3D glasses system is no better than 2D one.
C.
The glasses-free system is superior to the 2D one.
D.
3D glasses system is more helpful than the glasses-free system.
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: D
D)。定位 由题干中的feedbacks of the surgeons定位到第十一段：The surgeons in the study rated the 3D glasses system the highest，and the glasses—free system as comparable to the 2D one.
详解 推理判断题。由定位句可知，研究项目的外科医生们给3D眼镜系统的分数最高，而无需佩戴眼镜的3D系统和2D系统差不多，D)是对原文的转述，故为答案。A)"3D眼镜系统技术含量最高"在文中并未提及，故排除;B)"3D眼镜系统不比2D系统好"和C)"无需佩戴眼镜的3D系统比2D系统好"与原文逻辑不符,故均挑除。
62 Questions 62-66 are based on the following passage.
A recent BBC documentary, The Town That Never Retired, sought to show the effects of increasing the state pension age by putting retirees back to work.
Although the results were entertaining, they need not have bothered. Away from the cameras, unprecedented numbers of older people are staying in work .Since the start of the recession that began in 2008, the number of 16-to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597,000. Over the same period the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240 o000.
The greying of the British workforce dates back to around 2001, since when the proportion of older people working has nearly doubled. But it has accelerated since the start of the recession. There are several reasons why. Happily, people are living longer and healthier lives, which makes staying in work less daunting than it was. Less happily, low interest rates, a stagnant stock market and the end of many
defined-benefit ( 固定收益 ) pension schemes make it a financial necessity. And changing attitudes ,spurred by rules against age discrimination, are making it easier than ever.
Most older workers are simply hanging on at the office: 63% of workers over state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years. Over two-thirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs that they once performed full-time. A big advantage is that they do not pay national insurance contributions effectively a second income tax on younger workers.
According to Stephen McNair, director of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce, this flexibility explains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump. Instead of slashing the workforce, as in previous recessions, many firms have halted recruitment and cut working hours. At small businesses in particular, keeping on older workers is cheaper and less risky than training replacements.Over half of workers over state pension age work for businesses with fewer than 25 employees.
Christopher Nieper, who owns David Nieper, a womenswear manufacturer based in Derbyshire,prizes his semi-retired workers, who can be employed at short notice and do not need to work full-time to survive. Retired machinists can fill in if there is a surge in orders; former sales advisers can work as part-time consultants. As his competitors have moved production abroad, depleting the pool of trained labour,
retaining older workers and their skills has become even more important.
There is scope for the older workforce to expand. Workers over the age of 50 who are made unemployed find it harder to pick up new jobs, which could mean that more oldsters want to work than are able to. That would be good. The Office for Budget Responsibility, the fiscal watchdog, reported on July 12th that an ageing, unproductive population is the biggest long-term threat to Britain’s economic health.
Data from the OECD, a think-tank, shows that employment rates among workers approaching retirement age are split in Europe, with old workers hanging on best in the north. Government credit ratings follow a similar pattern. That Britain’s ageing workforce more closely resembles Germany’s than Italy’s could prove the country’s salvation(拯救).
Which of the following can be inferred from the BBC documentary The Town That Never Retired?
A.
What it intends to reveal is contrary to the reality.
B.
It has received good comments from audience.
C.
It aims to criticize the poor pension provision in the UK.
D.
It reflects the current phenomenon of retirees coming back to work.
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: A
A)。定位 由题干中的BBC documentary，The Town That Never Retired定位到第一段第一、二句：A recent BBC documentary，The Town That Never Retired，sought to show the effects of increasing the state pension age by putting retirees back to work.Although the results were entertaining，they need not have bothered.
详解 推理判断题。本题考查有关纪录片《永不退休的城镇》的理解。由定位句"英国广播公司最近推出一部纪录片《永不退休的城镇》，该纪录片旨在表现通过促使退休人员重回工作岗位来提高国家退休年龄这一政策所带来的影响。片子虽然有趣，但影片制作者们真是杞人忧天了"可知，实际情况是人们到了退休年龄会主动要求继续工作，与这部纪录片所要表达的内容相反，故答案为A)。B)"这部纪录片得到了观众的好评"为过度推断，该段第二句仅指出"片子虽然有趣"，故排除;C)"这部纪录片旨在批评英国糟糕的退休金条款"与D)"这部纪录片反映出目前退休职工重返工作的现象"均未在原文中提及，故排除。
63According to the passage, "it" ( Line 6, Para. 2 ) refers to__________.
A.
age discrimination
B.
the changing attitude
C.
a financial necessity
D.
staying in work after retiring
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: D
D)。定位 由题干定位到第二段最后一句：And changing attitudes，spurred by rules against age discrimination，are making it easier than ever.
详解 语义理解题。本题考查代词…it 的指代。定位句提到，而且在禁止年龄歧视规定的驱动下，人们的态度在慢慢改变，这也使之较以往更容易。该段主题为英国劳动力老龄化及其原因，定位句为劳动力老龄化的最后一点原因，故it指代退休后重返工作岗位，故答案为D)。
64According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is TRUE about the older workers in the UK?
A.
Most of them are loyal to their former employers.
B.
Most of them rarely challenge themselves by seeking new types of jobs.
C.
They do not have to pay national income tax.
D.
63% of them continue to work over the retirement age.
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: B
B)。定位 根据题干定位到第三段第一、二句：Most older workers are simply hanging on at the office：63% of workers over state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years.Over two—thirds of them work part-time，mostly doing jobs that they once performed full-time.
详解 事实细节题。本题考查英国老年劳动者的情况。定位句提到，大多数老年就业者还是坚守在原来的岗位：在超过国家退休年龄的工作者中，63%的人和雇主共事的时间已超过十年。这些人中，超过三分之二的人现在从事兼职，主要从事他们全职时曾做过的工作。换言之，年长的工作者大都很少挑战新类型的工作，故B)为答案。A)"大多数年长的工作者对之前的老板很衷心"为过度推断，故排除;C)"年长的工作者不用缴纳国家工资税"，该段最后一句指出"不用再支付国民保险税"，而非国家工资税，故排除;D)"63%的年长工作者超过退休年龄后继续工作"是对原文内容的曲解，故排除。
65According to Christopher Nieper, why are semi-retired workers favored in hiring?
A.
Because they can fill in the job vacancy in a brief time.
B.
Because the pool of labour in the UK is drained.
C.
Because they work harder than the yoking because of economic pressure.
D.
Because their working hours can be as flexible as they want.
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: A
A)。定位 由题干中的Christopher Nieper和semi-retired workers定位到第五段第一句：Christopher Nieper，who owns David Nieper，a womenswear manufacturer based in Derbyshire，prizes his semi—retired workers.who Can be employed at short notice and do not need to work full—time to survive.Retired machinists call fill in if there is a surge in orders.
详解 事实细节题。本题考查Christopher Nieper珍视他的半退休员工们的原因。由定位句可知，克里斯多夫很珍视他的半退休员工们，这些人可在短时间内上工而且并不需要全职工作来谋生，A)中的fill in the job vacancy和in abrief time分别对应原文的be employed和at short notice，故为答案。B)"因为英国劳动力已耗尽"，该段最后一句指出"抛弃了熟练的工人"，而非耗尽了所有的劳动力，故排除;C)"由于经济压力，他们比年轻的劳动力更努力工作"，定位句指出"这些人可在短时间内上工而且并不需要全职工作来谋生"，说明他们经济压力不大，与原文不符，故排除;D)"因为他们的工作时间自由，可以随意安排"为过度推断，故排除。
66It can be concluded from the last paragraph that __________.
A.
Britain’s ageing workforce is similar to Italy’s
B.
Britain’s credit ratings are higher than Italy’s
C.
Britain’s salvation is better than Germany’s
D.
Britain’s employment rates of ageing workforce are higher than Germany’s
本题共8.2分， 参考答案: B
B)。定位 由题干提示定位到最后一段.：……shows that employment rates among workers approaching retirement age are split in Europe，with old workers hanging Oil best in the north.Government credit ratings follow a similar pattern.That Britain’s ageing workforce more closely resembles Germany’s than Italy’s could prove the country’s salvation.
详解 推理判断题。定位句指出，临近退休工人的就业率在欧洲是不平衡的，在北部的老年员工就业情况最好。政府的信用级别也与此成正相关。英国的老年劳动力更类似于德国而非意大利，这一点可以证实这个国家的自救措施在起作用。由此可知，英国的老年劳动力的就业情况好于意大利，所以其政府的信用级别要高于意大利，故答案为B)。A)"英国老龄劳动力与意大利类似"与原文不符，故排除;C)"英国的解救措施好于德国"，定位句指出"英国的老龄化劳动力更类似于德国"，故无法判断孰重孰轻，为过度推断，故排除;D) "英国老龄劳动力的就业率高于德国"与原文不符，故排除。
Part VI Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
67中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜，有史记载用筷子的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸(zhu)，它表面上看似简单，却有多种功能。竹子是制作筷子最常见的原材料，其他的原材料有木头、骨头，在古代富人家中，贵金属(precious metals)做的筷子是很常见的。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物(mascot)，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有"和为贵"的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老东方文明的标志。 本题共106.5分
The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.The recorded history of chopsticks is more than three thousand years.Chopsticks are named zhu in ancient China.They look deceptively simple o se，but possess multi—various functions.Bamboo tends to be the most popular raw material to make chopsticks.Other
materials include wood and bone，and chopsticks made of precious metals are not uncommon among the wealthy in ancient times.Chopsticks are taken as a mascot by ordinary people in ancient China.For example，the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing for the couple to have a baby soon.Unlike eating、with knives and forks or、with one’s own hands.a pair of chopsticks implies the meaning of"Harmony is what matters".Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a mark of ancient oriental civilization.
1.第一句中，"在世界上独树一帜"可以译为be unique in the world;"有史记载"可以译为the recorded history。
2.第二句中，"表面上"用副词deceptively来表示。
3.第三句中，用一个双重否定的结构are not uncommon来表达"在古代富人家中，贵金属做的筷子是很常见的"这句话的含义。
4.第四旬中，"隐喻"在这里是指筷子的谐音，可以译为the partial tone。
6.第五句中"和为贵"可以译为Harmony is what matters。
6.第六句将中文的主动句译为英语的被动句，这样句子会显得更具有连贯性。
