2016年大学英语六级试题强化模拟测试卷(十)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition an the topic: Surfing on the Web. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1.有人网上冲浪为了娱乐;
2.有人认为应充分利用网络来学习;
3.我的观点。
Surfing on the Web本文导航第1页写作第2页阅读第3页阅读第4页阅读第5页完形第6页翻译第7页答案第8页答案第9页答案第10页答案
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Cancer is the world’s top "economic killer" as well as its likely leading cause of death. Cancer costs more in 36 and lost life than AIDS, malaria, the flu and other diseases that spread person-to-person. Chronic diseases
including cancer, heart disease and diabetes 37 for more than 60 percent of deaths worldwide but less than 3 percent of public and private 38 for global health, said Rachel Nugent of the Center for Global Development, a Washington-based policy research group. Money shouldn’t be taken away from fighting diseases that. 39___ person-to-person, but the amount 40 to cancer is way out of whack (重击) with the impact it has, said Otis Brawley, the cancer society’s chief medical officer.
Cancer’s economic toll (损耗) was $895 billion in 2008--equivalent to 1.5 percent of the world’s gross 41 product, the report says. That’s in terms of disability and years of life lost--not the cost of treating the disease, which wasn’t addressed in the report. Many groups have been pushing for more attention to non-infectious causes of death, and the United Nations General Assembly has set a meeting on this a year from now. Some policy experts are 42 it to the global initiative that led to big increases in spending on AIDS nearly a decade ago. "This needs to be discussed at the UN--how we are going to deal with this rising burden of 43 disease", said Dr. Andreas Ullrich, medical officer for cancer control at WHO.
Researchers used the World Health Organization’s death and disability reports, and economic data from the World Bank. They 44 disability-adjusted life years, which reflect the impact a disease has on how long and how 45 people live.
A) productively I ) productivity
B) supplying J) chronic
C ) shifting K ) comparing
D ) spread L) domestic
E) account M) doubtful
F) funding N) clumsily
G) calculated O) disability H) devoted本文导航第1页写作第2页阅读第3页阅读第4页阅读第5页完形第6页翻译第7页答案第8页答案第9页答案第10页答案
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Daylight Saving Time (DST)
How and When Did Daylight Saving Time Start?
A) Benjamin Franklin--of "early to bed and early to rise" fame-was apparently the first person to suggest the concept of daylight savings. While serving as U.S. ambassador to France in Paris, Franklin wrote of being awakened at 6 a.m. and realizing, to his surprise, that the sun would rise far earlier than he usually did. Imagine the resources that might be saved if be and others rose before noon and burned less midnight oil, Franklin,tongue half in cheek, wrote to a newspaper.
B) It wasn’t until World War I that daylight savings were realized on a grand scale. Germany was the first state to adopt the time changes, to reduce artificial lighting and thereby save coal for the war effort. Friends and foes soon followed suit. In the U.S. a federal law standardized the yearly start and end of daylight saving time in 1918--for the states that chose to observe it.
C ) During World War II the U.S. made daylight saving time mandatory (强制的) for the whole country, as a way to save wartime resources. Between February 9, 1942, and September 30, 1945, the government took it a step further. During this period daylight saving time was observed year-round, essentially making it the new standard time, if only for a few years. Many years later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was enacted, mandating a controversial month-long extension of daylight saving time, starting in 2007.
Daylight Saving Time: Energy Saver or Just Time Suck?
D) In recent years several studies have suggested that daylight saving time doesn’t actually save energy-and might even result in a net loss. Environmental economist Hendrik Wolff, of the University of Washington, coauthored a paper that studied Australian power-use data when parts of the country extended daylight saving time for the 2000 Sydney Olympics and others did not. The researchers found that the practice reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening but increased energy use in the now dark mornings--wiping out the evening gains. That’s because the extra hour that daylight saving time adds in the evening is a hotter hour. "So if people get home an hour earlier in a warmer house, they turn on their air conditioning," the University of Washington’s Wolff said.
E) But other studies do show energy gains. In an October 2008 daylight saving time report to Congress, mandated by the same 2005 energy act that extended daylight saving time, the U.S. Department of Energy asserted that springing forward does save energy. Extended daylight saving time saved 1.3 terawatt (太瓦) hours of electricity. That figure suggests that daylight saving time reduces annual U.S. electricity consumption by 0.03 percent and overall energy consumption by 0.02 percent. While those percentages seem small, they could represent significant savings because of the nation’s enormous total energy use.
F) What’s more, savings in some regions are apparently greater than in others. California, for instance, appears to benefit most from daylight saving time--perhaps because its relatively mild weather encourages people to stay outdoors later. The Energy Department report found that daylight saving time resulted in an energy savings of one percent daily in the state.
G) But Wolff, one of many scholars who contributed to the federal report, suggested that the numbers were subject to statistical variability (变化) and shouldn’t be taken as hard facts. And daylight savings’ energy gains in the U.S. largely depend on your location in relation to the Mason-Dixon Line, Wolff said."The North might be a slight winner, because the North doesn’t have as much air conditioning," he said. "But the South is a definite loser in terms of energy consumption. The South has more energy consumption under daylight saving."
Daylight Saving Time: Healthy or Harmful?
H) For decades advocates of daylight savings have argued that, energy savings or no, daylight saving time boosts health by encouraging active lifestyles--a claim Wolff and colleagues are currently putting to the test. "In a nationwide American time-use study, we’re clearly seeing that, at the time of daylight saving time extension in the spring, television watching is substantially reduced and outdoor behaviors like jogging, walking, or going to the park are substantially increased," Wolff said. "That’s remarkable, because of course the total amount of daylight in a given day is the same. "
I) But others warn of ill effects. Till Roermeberg, a university professor in Munich (慕尼黑), Germany, said his studies show that our circadian (生理节奏的) body clocks--set by light and darkness--never adjust to gaining an "extra" hour of sunlight to the end of the day during daylight saving time.
J) One reason so many people in the developed world are chronically (长期地) overtired, he said, is that they suffer from social jet lag. " In other words, their optimal circadian sleep periods don’t accord with their actual sleep schedules. Shifting daylight from morning to evening only increases this lag, he said. "Light doesn’t do the same things to the body in the morning and the evening. More light in the morning would advance the body clock, and that would be good. But more light in the evening would even further delay the body clock. "
K) Other research hints at even more serious health risks. A 2008 study concluded that, at least in Sweden, heart attack risks go up in the days just after the spring time change. "The most likely explanation to our findings is disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms," One expert told National Geographic News via email. Daylight Savings’ Lovers and Haters
L) With verdicts (定论) on the benefits, or costs, of daylight savings so split, it may be no surprise that the yearly time changes inspire polarized reactions. In the U.K., for instance, the Lighter Later movement--part of I0:10,a group advocating cutting carbon emissions--argues for a sort of extreme daylight savings. First, they say, move standard time forward an hour, then keep observing daylight saving time as usual--adding two hours of evening daylight to what we currently consider standard time. The folks behind Standardtime.com, on the other hand, want to abolish daylight saving time altogether, calling energy-efficiency claims "unproven. "
M) National telephone surveys by Rasmussen Reports from spring 2010 and fall 2009 deliver the same answer.Most people just "don’t think the time change is worth the hassle (麻烦的事). " Forty-seven percent agreed with that statement, while only 40 percent disagreed. But Seize the Daylight author David Prerau said his research on daylight saving time suggests most people are fond of it. "1 think if you ask most people if they enjoy having an extra hour of daylight in the evening eight months a year, the response would be pretty positive."
46. Daylight savings’ energy gains might be various due to different climates.
47. Disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms may be the best explanation to higher heart attack risks in the days after the spring time change.
48. A research indicated that DST might not save energy by increasing energy use in the dark mornings, though it reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening.
49. Germany took the lead to save wartime resources by adopting the time changes and reducing artificial lighting.
50. A university professor studied the effect of daylight saving time and sounded the alarm of its negative effects.
51. Social jet lag can partly account for people’s chronic fatigue syndrome in developed countries. 52. The figure of a study in the U.S. suggested that DST could save a lot of energy nationally.
53. Supporters of daylight savings have long considered daylight saving time does good to people’s health. 54. A group advocating cutting carbon emissions launches the Lighter Later movement to back a kind of extreme daylight savings.
55. A scholar contributing to a federal report suggested that the amount of saved energy had something to do with geographic position.本文导航第1页写作第2页阅读第3页阅读第4页阅读第5页完形第6页翻译第7页答案第8页答案第9页答案第10页答案
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ) , B) , C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The unique human habit of taking in and employing animals--even competitors like wolves--spurred on human tool-making and language, which have both driven humanity’s success, Pat Shipman says, paleoanthropologist of Penn State University. "Wherever you go in the world, whatever ecosystem (生态系统), whatever culture, people live with animals," Shipman said.
For early humans, taking in and caring for animals would seem like a poor strategy for survival. "On the face of it, you are wasting your resources. So this is a very weird behavior," Shipman said. But it’s not so weird in the context something else humans were doing about 2.6 million years ago: switching from a mostly vegetarian diet to one rich in meat. This happened because humans invented stone hunting tools that enabled them to compete with other top predators. Quite a rapid and bizarre switch for any animal. So we invented the equipment, learned how to track and kill, and eventually took in animals who also knew how to hunt--like wolves and other canines. Others, like goats, cows and horses, provided milk, hair and, finally, hides and meat.
Managing all of these animals--or just tracking them--requires technology, knowledge and ways to preserve and convey information. So languages had to develop and evolve to meet the challenges. Tracking game has even been argued to be the origin of scientific inquiry, said Peter Richerson, professor emeritus (名誉退休的) in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of California, Davis. One of the signs that this happened is in petroglyphs (史前岩画) and other rock art left by ancient peoples. At first they were abstract, geometric patterns that are impossible to decipher (破译). Then they converge on one subject: animals.
There have also been genetic changes in both humans and our animals. For the animals those changes developed because human bred them for specific traits, like a cow that gives more mill or a hen that lays more eggs. But this evolutionary influence works both ways. Dogs, for instance, might have been selectively taken in by humans who shared genes for more compassion, Those humans then prospered with the dogs’ help in hunting and securing their homes.
56. What do we learn from the first paragraph about animals?
A) Animals have driven humanity’s success.
B) Tool-making and language are uniquely human habits.
C) Employing wolves is uniquely human habit.
D) People live with animals everywhere.
57. Why did Shipman say taking in animal is a poor strategy for survival?
A) Early humans were poor in survival resources.
B) Taking in animal was a very weird behavior.
C) Early humans didn’t know how to track and kill.
D) Early humans switched from a vegetarian diet to meat.
58. Why did languages have to develop and evolve to meet the challenges?
A) Early humans should have communication in tracking game.
B ) Language can enable humans to compete with other top predators.
C) Animals should understand the orders given by humans.
D) Language could give a rapid and bizarre switch for any animal.
59. What do we learn from the statement of Pat Shipman and Peter Richerson?
A) Caring for animals seemed common after people invented tools.
B) After language developed early humans learned how to track and kill.
C) Managing and tracking animals are the origin of modem science.
D) Language developed from abstract to specific because of animals.
60. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A) Animals changes are developed by themselves.
B) Human bred animals for specific genes.
C) Evolutionary influence works on both humans and animals.
D) Genes could make the dogs help people in hunting.本文导航第1页写作第2页阅读第3页阅读第4页阅读第5页完形第6页翻译第7页答案第8页答案第9页答案第10页答案
Passage Two
Questions 61. to 65 are based on the following passage.
He has influenced generations of artists but John Baldessari’s own celebrity came relatively late. A physically imposing 79-year-old, he seemed slightly uncomfortable at a press conference at the Metropolitan Museum, where a travelling retrospective of his work has just opened for its final stop. Asked to distil his art for the many who have not heard of him, he responded cheerfully that it was not the job of an artist to "spoon-feed" viewers but to make them feel intelligent.
For decades Mr Baldessari has made art that challenges convention. Though his work is heavily conceptual, it is not designed to alienate--and is often very funny. In the wake of abstract expressionism, when painting was all, Mr Baldessari was investigating what it meant to make a painting, what the rules were, and how far he could stretch them. In the 1960s he created a series of works that featured mostly text on canvas, painted by sign professionals.
One, in black letters on canvas, reads "PURE BEAUTY". The words sit there like a taunt (嘲弄), a question, a declaration.
"I do not believe in screwing the bourgeoisie," Mr Baldessari explained in an interview. The irony in his work is not designed to reveal what is vacant in art, or what is silly about those who buy it. He just wants people to question what they are looking at. He pokes fun at the art establishment, but he lets viewers in on the joke. Art, he says, supplies"spiritual nourishment". Asked if a show at the Met sat uncomfortably with his subversive streak, Mr Baldessari did not miss a beat: "I would be happy to hang in a broom closet at the Met. It’s a huge honour."
Mr Baldessari attributes some of his experimentation to having grown up in National City, California, a suburb just north of the Mexican border and well beyond the reach of any art scene. He was culturally isolated, but also free from the pressures of rejection. "I was trying to find out what was irreducibly art." His boldest early work was his "Cremation Project" in 1970, when he ceremonially burned nearly all the paintings he had made between 1953 and 1966. "I really think it’s my best piece to date," he wrote of it at the time.
He supported himself by teaching, mainly at the progressive California Institute of the Arts in Valencia. He earned a reputation for being a revolutionary and generous teacher who inspired students to renounce painting and view art as something that happens in the brain. "Artists are indebted to him," said Marla Prather, who organised the show at the Met. He taught countless people how to make art from the ordinary stuff of life. Now the man himself is finally getting his due.
61. The main idea of this passage is ________.
A) what the progress of Baldessari’s art creating is
B) how Baldessari defines art
C) why Baldessari investigate the roles for art
D) how Baldessari became famous
62. The word "spoon-feed" (Line 4, Para. 1 ) means _________.
A) showing the ideas to people by means of holding a spoon
B) forcing people to accept the ideas
C) providing people with materials to create art
D) cheering up the people seeing the pictures
63. Which of the following is not the principal feature of Baldessari’s work?
A) Conceptual.
B) Ironic.
C ) Isolated.
D ) Funny.
64. What’s the purpose of John Baldessari’s using irony in his works?
A) He hopes people can challenged what they see.
B) He uses irony to attract people to buy them.
C ) He wants to make his work really funny.
D) He uses it to reveal what really matters in art.
65. The highlight of John Baldessari’s job as a teacher is that ________
A) he needs much more money to run his travelling shows
B) he wants students to readjust their perspective on art
C) he thinks school is the best place to create art
D) he wants to talk students into giving up painting本文导航第1页写作第2页阅读第3页阅读第4页阅读第5页完形第6页翻译第7页答案第8页答案第9页答案第10页答案
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口约占世界总人口的22%。在过去相当长的时期里，由于诸多原因，贫困一直困扰着中国。20世纪80年代中期，中国农村绝大多数地区凭借自身的发展优势，经济得到快速增长，但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面的制约，发展相对滞后。中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了以解决贫困人口温饱问题为主要目标的有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发，极大地缓解了贫困现象。本文导航第1页写作第2页阅读第3页阅读第4页阅读第5页完形第6页翻译第7页答案第8页答案第9页答案第10页答案
Part I Writing
[范文]
Surfing on the Web
Some believe that surfing the Internet is a main source of entertainment. Firstly, on the Internet there are a variety of videos and online games which could make one feel relaxed and amused. Secondly, you can chat online with your friends and will no longer feel lonely.
Yet others think differently. They argue that the Internet should be used to facilitate our study, for example, to get informed of the latest progress on a subject by visiting related websites. Moreover, the web can serve as an efficient means to contact their classmates or tutors to discuss or solve a problem.
In my opinion, we should make good use of the Internet to benefit our study. As college students, we are supposed to study hard and make preparation for our future. Although we do can relax ourselves by web surfing occasionally, the great convenience it brings us on academic study should not be missed.
有些人认为上网是一种主要的娱乐方式。首先，网上有各种各样的视频和网络游戏，能使人们感到轻松和愉悦。其次，人们可以与朋友们在线聊天，排解寂寞。
但其他人却不这么认为。他们认为我们应该利用网络来促进学习，例如通过访问有关网站了解关于某学科的最新研究进展。另外，网络也可以作为与同学和老师联系的一种有效方式，便于大家讨论或解决问题。
我认为，我们应该充分利用网络来促进我们的学习。作为大学生，我们应该努力学习，为我们的将来做好准备。尽管我们的确可以偶尔上网放松自己，但是网络在促进学习方面带给我们的巨大便利不应该被忽视。
【要点用法】
a variety of各种各样的 serve as作为
feel relaxed and amused 感觉轻松和愉悦 make good use of充分利用
facilitate促进，帮助 be supposedt0应该
get informed of了解 0ccasionany偶尔，间或本文导航第1页写作第2页阅读第3页阅读第4页阅读第5页完形第6页翻译第7页答案第8页答案第9页答案第10页答案
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
(参考译文】
癌症不仅是可能导致人类死亡的头号杀手，同时也是世界头号“经济杀手”。比起艾滋病、疟疾、流感以及其他传染性疾病，癌症对[36]生产力造成的消耗更大，夺取的生命更多。雷切尔·纽金特指出，全世界60%以上的死亡是由癌症、心脏病、糖尿病这类慢性疾病[37]导致的，但它们获得的全球公共7L私A_健康[38]经费不到3%。纽金特来自全球发展中心——一个总部设在华盛顿的政策研究团队。癌症协会的医学主管奥帝斯·布劳利称，我们不应该减少用于抵御在人与人之间[39]传播的传染性疾病的资金，但[40]用于
防御癌症的资金与其严重的影响并不相称。
有报道称，2008年由癌症造成的经济损失达8950亿美元，相当于全球[41]国内生产总值的1.5%。这一数据还只是计算了癌症造成的残疾和寿命减少的损失，并不包括治疗癌症所需的花费——该报告没有对
这一项进行讨论。很多组织都在为导致死亡的非传染性疾病争取更多的关注，而且从现在起，联合国大会每年将为此举办一次会议。一些政策专家将这[42]比作十年前为艾滋病争取到大幅经费增长的全球运动。
世界卫生组织癌症控制医学官员安德烈亚斯·乌尔里希博士说：“这需要在联合国讨论，即如何应对[43]慢性疾病的负担增长问题。”
根据世界卫生组织的死亡和残疾报告以及世界银行提供的经济数据，研究人员[44]计算出了“伤残调整生命年”。此数据反映了疾病对人类寿命长短以及[45]劳动能力的影响。
【答案解析】
36.I
语法判断：空格前是介词in，空格后and连接的并列结构是名词词组lost life，故应填入名词。
语义判断：备选的名词有三个，funding(经费)、productivity(生产力)和disability(残疾)。and后的lost life对应前一句中as well as后的leading cause of death，因此and前空格处应对应前一句中as well as前的economic killer。而三个词中只有productivity与经济有关。因此填productivity。
37.E
语法判断：此句缺少谓语，且此处在陈述一个事实，应该用一般现在时;主语为复数diseases，故空格处应填入动词原形。
语义判断：备选的动词原形有两个：spread和account，可与for搭配的只有account。这里表示“全世界60%的死亡是由癌症、心脏病、糖尿病这类慢性疾病导致的”。因此选E。
38.F
语法判断：这里是由but连接表示转折关系的并列结构，空格前是介词of 形容词，后面是for，可看出空格处应填名词。
语义判断：备选的名词还有两个：funding(经费)和disability(残疾)。but表转折关系，disability和deaths没有转折关系;but前后对比的是这类疾病导致的死亡很多但得到的经费却很少。因此应填funding。
39.D
语法判断：that引导的定语从句缺少谓语，此处表示一般事实所以应该用一般现在时，先行词是复数名词diseases，因此此处应填动词原形。语义判断：备选的动词原形只剩spread。此处表示“在人与人之间传播的疾病”，因此填spread。
40.H
语法判断：此处句子结构是完整的，空格处应该填一个修饰amount的词，空格后是to，因此应填一个非谓语动词。amount与后面的名词cancer是被动关系，因此应填一个过去分词作定语。
语义判断：备选的过去分词有两个：calculated和devoted。能和t0搭配的是devoted。此处的意思是“用于防御癌症的资金。”
41.L
语法判断：空格后是名词product，空格处应填一个修饰它的形容词。
语义判断：备选的形容词有三个：chronic(慢性的)、domestic(国内的)、doubtful(怀疑的)。gross
Domestic product是固定用法，表示“国内生产总值”，故选L。
42.K
语法判断：句子缺少谓语，而空格前是系动词are，且主语是人，因此空格处应填入一个现在分词构成进行时。
语义判断：备选的现在分词有三个：comparing(比较)、supplying(提供)和shifting(移动)。此处是指专家将这比作十年前为艾滋病争取到大幅经费增长的全球运动。因此应填comparin9。
43.J
语法判断：句子结构完整，空格前为of，空格后为名词disease，应填入形容词修饰disease。
语义判断：备选的形容词还有两个：chronic和doubtful。根据上下文可知这里的disease指的是cancer，而前文提到的cancer属于chronic disease。因此此处填chronic。
44,G
语法判断：句子缺谓语，前一句中的used为过去时态，所以此处也应是过去的动作，因此填动词过去式。
语义判断：备选的动词过去式只剩calculated一个了。这也与前面的repoas以及data相呼应，意思是“研究人员计算出了‘伤残调整生命年”’。
45。A
语法判断：空格处所填词应与and前的long相对应，词性也应该相同，都是修饰动词live，因此应填副词。
语义判断：备选的副词有两个：productively意为“有生产能力地”，clumsily意为“笨拙地”。疾病对人类生活的影响应该是不好的方面，比如影响寿命长短以及劳动能力，clumsily与此不符。因此应填productively。
Section B
【答案解析】
46.F
解析：题干意为，夏令时带来的能源收益可能会因为不同的气候而有差异。注意抓住题干中的关键词daylight savings’energy gains，various和different climates。文章段落中，提到能源节约量与天气有关的内容在F段出现，该段前两句提到，一些地区的节能量明显比其他地区要大。例如，加利福尼亚州似乎是从夏令时中获益最大的——可能是因为那里的气候相对温和，鼓励人们在户外待到更晚。由此可知，题干对原文进行了概括和同义改写，故答案为F。
47.K
解析：题干意为，睡眠障碍和生物节律紊乱可能是春季时间变化后心脏病发病率上升的最佳解释。注意抓住题干中的关键词disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms，explanation和higher heart attack risks。文章段落中，提及睡眠障碍和生物节律紊乱以及心脏病发病率上升的内容在K段出现，该段第二句提到，2008年的一项研究总结道，至少在瑞典，在春季时间变化后不久，心脏病发病率就上升了……接着第三句引用了一位专家的话：“根据我们的调查结果，最合理的解释是睡眠障碍及生物节奏紊乱。”由此可知，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为K。
48.D
解析：题干意为，一项研究表明，尽管实行夏令时能减少夜间照明及电量消耗，但却因为增加了晨间的用电量而可能无法节约能源。注意抓住题干中的关键词increasing energy use in the dark mornings和reduced lighting and electricity consumptionin the evening。文章段落中，提到了增加晨间的用电量和减少夜间照明及电量消耗的是D段，该段第三句提到，研究人员发现这种做法减少了夜间照明及电量消耗，但是却增加了晨间的用电量，因为现在早晨很昏暗——这就抵消了夜间节约的能源。由此可知，题干对原文进行了同义改写，故答案为D。
49.B
解析：题干意为，德国率先通过采取时间变化和减少人工照明来节约战时资源。注意抓住题干中的关键词Germany，thetime changes和artificiallightin9，，文章段落中，有关德国的内容在B段出现，该段第二句提到，德国是第一个采取时间变化以减少人工照明从而为战事节约煤炭资源的国家。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为B。
50.I
解析：题干意为，一位大学教授研究了夏令时的作用并警示人们其带来的消极影响。注意抓住题干中的关键词a university professor和sounded the alarm of its negative effects。文章段落中，提及夏令时会带来负面影响的内容在I段出现，该段首句指出，但是其他人却警告人们夏令时所带来的负面影响。德国慕尼黑一所大学的教授蒂尔·伦内伯格说，他的研究显示，我们的生物钟是根据白天和黑夜确定的，永远都适应不了夏令时期间白天快结束时所多出的那“额外”一小时的目光。由此可知，题干是对原文的概述，故答案为I。
51.J
解析：题干意为，社会时差是发达国家的人们患长期疲劳综合征的部分原因。注意抓住题干中的关键词social jet lag和chronic fatigue syndrome。文章段落中，提到社会时差和人们长期疲劳的内容在J段出现，该段第一句提到，发达国家中的很多人长期感觉过度劳累，原因之一就是，他们遭受“社会时差”的折磨。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述。故答案为J。
52.E
解析：题干意为，美国一项研究的数据表明实行夏令时能在全国范围内节约很多能源。注意抓住题干中的关键词figure，save a lot of energy和nafionally。文章段落中，提到整个国家节能总量大的内容在E段出现，该段最后两句提到，这个数字意味着，夏令时使美国年耗电量降低了0.03%，也使整体能耗减少了0.02%。尽管这些百分比看起来很小，但是，由于国家总能耗量很庞大，它们所代表的节能量还是很大的。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为E。
53.H
解析：题干意为，夏令时的支持者长期以来认为夏令时对人们的健康有好处。注意抓住题干中的关键词supporters of day light savings和do good to people’s health。文章段落中，提及夏令时支持者以及夏令时与人类健康的关系的内容在H段出现，该段第一句提到，几十年来，夏令时的倡导者一直宣称，不管夏令时能否节约能源，它都有利于健康，因为它倡导的是积极的生活方式。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为H。
S4.L
解析：题干意为，倡导降低碳排放量的一个组织发起了“晚亮灯运动”以支持一种极端的日光节约时制。注意抓住题干中的关键词a group advocating cutting carbon emissions，Lighter Later movement和a kind of extreme day light savings。文章段落中，提及“晚亮灯运动”的内容在L段出现，该段第二句提到，在英国，“晚亮灯运动”——作为10：10(倡导降低碳排放量的一个组织)开展的运动的一部分——提倡一种极端的日光节约时制。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为L。
Ss。G
解析：题干意为，协助撰写联邦报告的一位学者表示，能源的节约量与所处的地理位置有关。注意抓住题干中的关键词a scholar contributing to a federal report和geographic position。文章段落中，提及能源节约量和地理位置的关系的内容在G段出现，该段第二句提到，沃尔夫表示，夏令时给美国带来的能源收益主要取决于某个地区与梅森一狄克森线的相对位置。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
【答案解析】
56.D
定位：根据题干信息将答题线索定位到第一段：
解析：选项A说动物促进了人类的成功，但第一段中说促进人类成功的因素是制作工具和语言能力的发展，而这两种能力来自于人类驯养和利用动物的习惯，显然选项A的概括是不准确的、选项B说制作工具和使用语言是人类独有的习惯，但文章中说的却是驯养和利用动物是人类独有的习惯，显然该选项偷换了概念。选项c说利用狼是人类独有的习惯，但文章并没有把人类驯养狼抽象为人类的一个“习惯”，文章说的“独特习惯”是指宏观的驯养和利用动物，该选项也属于偷换概念一第一段的最后一句说“无论你走到世界上的哪个角落，无论那里的生态系统如何，文化如何，人类都和动物生活在一起”，而选项D是“在任何地方人类都和动物生活在一起”，符合原文，所以D正确。
57.A
定位：根据题干中的关键词apoor strategyfor survival，可以把答题线索定位到第二段的第一句话
解析：文章第二段的第一句话说驯养和照顾动物似乎不是一个能使人类生存下来的好策略，即表示这种方法不利于人类自己的生存，接下来希普曼说从表面上看，这是在浪费资源，这是一种很怪异的行为，而选项A说早期人类的生存资料少，两者正好契合，所以本题应该选A。选项B也是希普曼说的话，但并没有解释为什么驯养动物不是使人类生存下来的好策略。选项C说早期的人类不知道如何追踪和猎杀动物，但是第二段的中间部分提到人类开始食用肉类，“这是因为人类发明了用来捕猎的石制工具”，从这两点可以看出，早期人类是有能力捕杀动物的。选项D说人类从素食转向食用肉类，但文章中说的是“从以素食为主转向食用大量的肉类”，显然选项D的概括不够准确，而且不是希普曼这么说的原因。
58.A
定位：根据题干中的关键信息词develop and evolvetomeetthe challenges，可以把答题线索定位到第三段的第二句话。
解析：第三段的第二句话是以so开头的，由此可以看出第三段的第一句话讲的就是原因。第三段的第一句提到“要管理好所有这些动物——或者只是追踪它们，都需要记载和传达信息的技术、知识以及方法”。选项A说早期的人类在追踪猎物时需要相互沟通，其中的communication与原文中的preserve and convey information属于同义替换，所以本题应该选A。文章第二段中提到了stone hunting tools that enabled them to compete with other top predators，但选项B把stone hunting tools替换成了language，属于偷换概念。选项c和D文中没有提及。
59.C
定位：根据题干中的信息词Pat Shipman和Peter Richerson，可以把答题线索分别定位到文章第一、二、三段。
解析：在第二段的第三句，Pat Shipman表示早期人类驯养和照顾动物的行为“是一种很怪异的行为”，这与选项A的表述是相违背的。选项B说“语言发展以后，早期的人类学会了如何追踪和猎杀动物”，但从第一段Pat Shipman的表述可知，是“人类驯养和利用动物的独特习惯”促进了人类语言能力的发展，该选项颠倒了因果关系，所以错误。第三段的第三句话说“追踪猎物甚至被认为是科学探索的发端”，这与选项C的内容完全吻合，所以本题应该选C。选项D说“动物使得语言的发展从抽象到具体”，但文章倒数第二段的最后两句讲的是“史前岩画和岩石艺术”的发展是从抽象到具体的动物形象，
所以选项D不正确。
60.C
定位：根据题干，将答案定位到最后一段。
解析：选项A说动物的变化是自发产生的，但是最后一段第二句说“对于动物来说，它们发生变化是因为人类为了特定的特性驯养它们”，所以该选项错误。选项B说人类为了特定的基因饲养动物，但文章说的是“人类为了特定的特性饲养它们”，该选项错在偷换概念，，文章最后一段的第三句说this evolutionary influence works both ways，这句话的前面讲了人类如何影响动物的变化，而这句话的后面讲到了动物如何影响人类，所以选项C正确。选项D的说法文中没有提及。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
【答案解析】
61.B
定位：本题要求概括文章的主旨，所以要在大致浏览全文以后再做解答。
解析：选项A和C在文中没有提及。选项B说的是“巴尔代萨里是如何定义艺术的”，如果浏览过全文就会发现，文章从头到尾都在讲述巴尔代萨里对艺术的独特看法，并且文章倒数第二段的第三句说“我过去一直想并明白艺术归根结底是什么”，这印证了选项B的内容，所以本题选B。选项D说文章在讲巴尔代萨里是如何成名的，虽然文章讲到他成名较晚，但是并没有重点描述他成名的过程，所以排除。
62.B
定位：根据题干信息直接找到spoon.feed所在的句子，即第一段的最后一句。
解析：第一段的最后一句表达的是巴尔代萨里的艺术观点，由分句中的but一词可知，spoon—teed viewers和make them feel intelligent意思相反，后者表示“让他们感觉自己很聪明”，因此spoon.Feed viewers是要把一些观点强加给观众，这与选项B的表达一致，所以本题应该选B。与选项C的内容最接近的一句话是最后一段的倒数第二句，但是“教会了无数的人如何用生活中的普通素材去搞艺术”和“为人们提供搞艺术的材料”是不一样的概念，可排除。选项A和D的内容都不符合逻辑，可迅速排除。
63.C
定位：根据题千暂时无法将答题线索进行精确定位，只能逐一查看答案。
解析：conceptual出现在第二段的第二句话，是直接用来描述他的作品的，所以选项A是巴尔代萨里作品的特点之一。文中没有直接出现ironic这个词，但是第三段的第二句出现了the irony in his work，可知他的作品具有讽刺意味，所以选项B也是特点之一。isolated出现在倒数第二段的第二句，但是它描述的不是他的作品，而是他早先在家乡时的处境，即“在文化上是孤立的”，所以选项C讲的不是其作品的特点，故本题选C。funny出现在第二段的第二句，也是用来描述其作品的。
64.A
定位：根据题干中的ironyin his works，可以把答题线索定位到第三段的第二句话.
解析：第三段的第二句话从反面提到了巴尔代萨里作品的讽刺性，然后紧接着又从正面介绍了讽刺的
目的：“他只是想让人们对看到的东西提出质疑”，而选项A表示“他希望人们能对看到的事物提出质疑”，两者表述一致，所以本题选A。选项B很明显不正确，可排除。选项c中提及的funny虽然也是他作品的特点，但它并不和ironic构成因果关系，所以选项C也错误。选项D文中没有提及。
65.B
定位：根据题干中的信息词job as a teacher，可以把本题答案锁定在最后一段。
解析：选项A文中没有提及，而且很明显是错误的。文中说“他启发学生，让他们……把艺术看作是发生在头脑中的一种东西”，由此可知他作为老师时教导学生改变他们对艺术的看法，这一点与他本身挑战传统艺术的一贯做法也是一致的，所以本题选B。选项C文中没有提及。选项D乍看之下好像是正确的，因为文中也出现了renounce painting，似乎与giving up paintin9是同一个意思，但是文中的“renounce painting”是要学生“摒弃传统绘画观念”，而不是真的不让学生们画画了，所以该选项也不正确?本文导航第1页写作第2页阅读第3页阅读第4页阅读第5页完形第6页翻译第7页答案第8页答案第9页答案第10页答案
Part IV Translation
【参考答案】
China is the largest developing country in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the world’s total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid- 1980s, the economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own advantages, but a small number of areas still lagged behind because of the constraints of their economic social, historical, and natural conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program for development-oriented poverty relief in a planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.
【难点精析】
1.发展中国家：英语中对应的表达为developing country，该句结构简单，直译即可。
2.人口约占世界总人口的……：此句紧接上文，和前面一个分句共享一个主语China，为了指代清楚并且避免重复，此处的“人口”可译为its population。表达“(数量、比例上)占”有一个常用的词组account for。“世界总人口”如果直译的话是the world’s total population或者the total population of the world，但是由于该分句的主语中已经出现了一次population，故此处可将total活用作名词，意为“总数”。
3.在过去相当长的时期里：该分句如果直译的话可译为for a long time in the past，但是根据语境，此处 “相当长的时期”指的是“中国历史中的一个很长的时期”，又由于该分句所在句的主语随后紧接着出现，因而可以意译为for a long period of its history。
4.由于诸多原因：此处较为简单，可以有多种译法。“由于”可以用because of，due to，out of来表达。也可以用一个简洁的单词for。“诸多”的表达方式也有很多，如many，various，a lot of，lots of等。因而该分句可简洁地译为for various reasons
5.贫困一直困扰着……：表达“被贫困所困扰”较为常用的译法是be plagued by，由于此处表达的是过去已经发生并且其影响持续到现在的一种状态，因而注意时态要采用现在完成时。此处可译为…has been plagued by poverty。
6.20世纪80年代中期……发展相对滞后：该句较长，翻译时要注意平衡句子的结构。“经济发展较快，，中的“经济”指的是“中国农村绝大多数地区的经济”，在翻译时可以照此调整一下句子的语序，“滞后”，常用lag behind来表达。
7.中国政府在致力于……缓解了贫困现象：该句内容较多，翻译时可以根据语义将该长句拆分成两个独立的句子，即：“q-国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发：扶贫开发以解决贫困人口的温饱问题为主要目标，极大地缓解了贫困现象。”“‘致力于”可以用短语work on来表达。‘扶贫开发”实际上是一个项目，因而可灵活译为a program for development—oriented poverty relief。本文导航第1页写作第2页阅读第3页阅读第4页阅读第5页完形第6页翻译第7页答案第8页答案第9页答案第10页答案
答案
1.D 2，A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.D 21.B 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.C
26. in collaboration with 27.discontent
28. questionnaires 29.responses
30.polled 31.Ironically
32.responsible 33.were willing to
34.reluctant 35.came out
36.I 37.E 38.F 39.D 40.H 41.L 42.K 43.J 44.G 45.A 46.F 47.K 48.D 49.B 50.I 51.J 52.E 53.H 54.L 55.G 56.D 57.A 58.A 59.C 60.C 61.B 62.B 63.C 64.A 65.B
