Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
From my perspective as the U.S. ambassador to Japan, I would like to share a few thoughts about the direction in which I see U.S. science and technology (S&T) going and contrast it with what I see happening in Japan. 61. Japan is often portrayed as being proficient at commercializing technologies, whereas the United States is seen as leading in research and development (R&D).This statement may be historically accurate, but today’s reality is different. 62 A consensus has emerged among Japan’s Executive, parliament, businesses, and academic institutions that "Japan must stop being a nation of technology followers and become a nation of technology promotion” in order to ensure its future economic well-being.
One clear indicator of the seriousness of Japan’ s R&D efforts is the level of spending. For several years, Japan has invested a larger percentage of its gross domestic product in R&D than has the United States. 63 In July 1996, the Japanese cabinet approved a proposal to spend $155 billion on government S&T programs over the next 5 years, of which 95 percent is targeted at civilian technologies. As a result, Japanese government expenditures on civilian R&D have caught up with and will soon exceed U.S. funding in absolute terms.
We should welcome Japan’s increased efforts. 64. The United States has long encouraged Japan to invest more in its indigenous (本地的) science capabilities, because Japan shares a responsibility to contribute to the world community’s intellectual reserve, particularly in areas such as health, disaster prevention, the environment, and energy. As Japan’s abilities increase, opportunities also increase for the United States to benefit from Japanese research in much the same way that Japan has gained from U.S. accomplishments.
65. At the same time, however, as Japan addresses its relative weakness in basic research, the United States is on a path that will diminish our lead in S&T and constrict economic growth.. Science in America today faces decreased federal support, the declining quality of our 12-year educational system, the inability of our budget process to deal with long-range international research projects, and declining interest on the part of our brightest young people in pursuing scientific careers. （355 words）
Section IV Translation ( 5x4 = 20 points )
61．日本经常被描绘成精于技术商业化，美国则被视为领先科研发展潮流。
62．日本行政部门、国会、商界以及学术界一致认为，为了确保日本在未来经济上的繁荣，“日本不必再充当一个科技追随者的民族，而必须成为一个推动科技进步的民族。”
63．1996年，日本内阁通过了一项议案：在未来的五年之中，将1550亿美元用在政府资助的科技项目上，其中95％是以民用技术为目的的。
64．长期以来，美国一直鼓励日本在其本国的科学能力上更多地投资，因为日本有责任对国际社会的知识储备作出应有的贡献，尤其在健康、灾害预防、环境和能源领域更是如此。
65．然而，正当日本宣称基础研究相对薄弱的时候，美国同时已踏上一条将会缩小科技优势和抑制经济增长的道路。
