Sample Three
Directions:
You are going to read a text about Olympic Games, followed by a list of explanations. Choose the best explanation from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (1-5). There is one extra explanation which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Olympic Games (modern), international sports competition, held every four years at a different site, in which athletes from different nations compete against each other in a variety of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics. Through 1992 they were held in the same year, but beginning in 199 they were rescheduled so that they are held in alternate evennumbered years.
(1) Modern Olympic Gamesfrom past to present
The modern Olympic Games began in Athens, Greece, in 1896, two years after French educator and thinker Pierre de Coubertin proposed that the Olympic Games of ancient Greece be revived to promote a more peaceful world.
(2) International Olympic Committee
The Olympic Games are administered by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.
(3) Awarding the Games
In order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes.
() Athletes and eligibility
Although the Olympic Charter, the official constitution of the Olympic movement, proclaims that the Olympics are contests among individuals and not among nations, the IOC assigns to the various NOCs the task of selecting national Olympic teams.
(5) Ceremonies
The Olympic Games have always included a number of ceremonies, many of which emphasize the themes of international friendship and peaceful cooperation.
[A] Although they were founded as part of a vision of world peace, once the modern Olympic Games became a truly important international event they also became a stage for political disputes. The most controversial Olympics were the Berlin Games of 1936.
[B] From the start of the modern Olympic Games, male amateur athletes of every race, religion, and nationality have been eligible to participate. Although Coubertin opposed the participation of women in the Olympics and no women competed in 1896, a few female golfers and tennis players were allowed to participate in the 1900 Games. Female swimmers and divers were admitted to the 1912 Games, and female gymnasts and trackandfield athletes first competed at the 1928 Games. Women’s Olympic sports have grown significantly since then, and currently women account for approximately half of the members of teams.
[C] Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.
[D] The program for the 1896 Games, including only summer events (the Winter Olympics were not established until 192), included about 300 athletes from fewer than 15 countries competing in 3 events in nine different sports. In contrast, the program 100 years later for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, included more than 10,000 athletes from more than 190 countries competing in 271 events in 29 different sports.
[E] IOC members are officially considered to be representatives from the IOC to their own nations, not delegates from their own countries to the IOC. Most members are elected to the IOC after serving on the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of their own countries.
[F] The opening ceremony has always included the parade of nations, in which the teams from each nation enter the main stadium as part of a procession. The Greek team always enters first, to commemorate the ancient origins of the modern Games, and the team of the host nation always enters last. The opening ceremony has evolved over the years into a complex extravaganza, with music, speeches, and pageantry. It is eagerly anticipated and well attended.
Sample Three:
1. D 2. E 3. C . B 5. F
解析
这篇文章从历史、奥委会、运动会的举办、运动员参赛资格和仪式五个方面介绍了奥林匹克运动。注意正确的选项中有与每段标题相对应的文字。
译文
现代奥林匹克运动会是国际体育盛会，每四年在不同地点举办，来自不同国家的运动员在不同的体育项目中竞争。有两类奥运会，夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。1992年，它们是在同一年举行的，不过从199年开始它们间隔一年举行一个。
现代奥运会——从过去到现在
现代奥运会开始于1896年希腊雅典，是在法国的教育家、思想家皮埃尔顾拜旦提议复兴古代奥运会来促进世界和平之后两年。1896年奥运会只有夏季项目(冬季奥运会直到192年才建立)。来自少于15个国家的约300名运动员参加了9个大项中的3个小项。与此形成对比的是，100年后的1996年亚特兰大奥运会有来自超过190个国家的超过1万名运动员参加了29个大项中的271个小项。
国际奥林匹克委员会
奥运会由国际奥林匹克委员会负责管理，委员会的总部设在瑞士洛桑。国际奥委会的成员被认为是奥委会派往各国的代表，而不是各国派到奥委会的代表。大多数成员都是在本国的奥委会工作过后被选入国际奥委会。
奖励运动会
为了举办奥运会，申办城市必须向国际奥委会递交申请提案。在所有的提案都被提交了之后，国际奥委会举行投票。一般来说，会提前数年决定举办国，使举办国有时间做准备。在选择举办国时，国际奥委会会考虑许多因素，主要包括哪个城市承诺或已经建造了最好的设施以及哪个组织委员会最有可能高效地举办奥运会。国际奥委会还考虑世界上哪些地区没有举办过奥运会。
运动员的参赛资格
尽管奥林匹克宪章这部奥林匹克运动的官方文献宣称奥运会是个人而不是国家之间的竞争，国际奥委会把选拔各国奥运代表团的任务交给了各国的奥委会。从现代奥运会一开始，属于任何种族、宗教和国籍的业余男运动员都可以参赛。尽管顾拜旦反对女性参加奥运会，而且1896年的奥运会没有女性参加，有一些女性高尔夫球和网球的选手参加了1900年奥运会。1912年的奥运会允许女性游泳和跳水选手参加，1928年首次允许女性体操和田径运动员参加。从那时开始，女性奥林匹克运动有了长足的发展，现在女性运动员大约占各代表队人数的一半。
仪式
奥运会总是有一些仪式，它们大多强调全世界友谊、和平合作的主题。开幕式总是包括各国代表队入场式，每个国家的代表队都进入主体育场。希腊队总是第一个入场的，这是为了纪念现代奥运会的起源，主办国代表队总是最后一个入场。数年来，开幕式已经演变成了一个盛会，有音乐、演说和表演。开幕式很受人瞩目而且参加的人很多。
