Externality 外部性
the impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander
Economic rents 经济租金
payments made to a factor that are in excess of what is required to elicit the supply of that factor
Efficiency wage theory 效率工资理论
the theory that paying higher wages (up to a point) lowers total production costs, for instance by leading to a more productive labor force
Economies of scope 范围经济
what exists when it is less expensive to produce two products together than it would be to produce each one separately
Efficient markets theory 有效市场理论
the theory that all available information is reflected in the current price of an asset
Elasticity of labor supply 劳动供给弹性
the percentage change in labor supplied resulting from a 1% change in wages
Equity, shares, stock 股票
terms that indicate part ownership of a firm, which the firm sells in order to raise money, or capital
Equity capital 股份资本
capital, such as shares (or stock), supplied to a firm by its owners(shareholders); the returns received by the owners are not guaranteed but depend on how well the firm does
Exchange efficiency 交换的效率
the condition in which whatever the economy produces is distributed among individuals in an efficient way
Exchange rate 汇率
the rate at which one currency (such as dollars) can be exchanged for another(such as marks, yen, or pounds)
Excise tax 货物税
A tax on a particular good or service
Expected return 预期收益
the average return--a single number that combines the various possible returns per dollar invested with the chances that each of these returns will actually be paid
Export-led growth 出口导向型增长
the strategy that government should encourage exports in which the country has a comparative advantage to stimulate growth