E
Economics 经济学
the study of how society manages its scarce resources
Economies of scale 规模经济
the property that long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases
Efficiency 效率
the property of a resource allocation of maximizing the total surplus received by all members of society; The property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources
Efficiency wages 效率工资
Above-equilibrium wages paid by firms in order to increase worker productivity
Efficient scale 有效规模
the quantity of output that minimizes average total cost
Elasticity 弹性
A measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to one of its determinants
Equilibrium 均衡
A situation in which supply and demand have been brought into balance
Equilibrium price 均衡价格
the price that balances supply and demand
Equilibrium quantity 均衡数量
the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded when the price has adjusted to balance supply and demand
Equity 平等
the fairness of the distribution of well-being among the various buyers and sellers; The property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of society
Excess demand 超额需求
A situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied
Excess supply 超额供给
A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded
Excludability 排他性
the property of a good that a person can be prevented from using it
Exports 出口