R
Rational expectations 理性预期
The theory according to which people optimally use all the information they have, including information about government policies, when forecasting the future
Real GDP 实际GDP
The production of goods and services valued at constant prices
Real exchange rate 实际汇率
The rate at which a person can trade the goods and services of one country for the goods and services of another
Real interest rate 实际利率
The interest rate corrected for the effects of inflation
Real variables 实际变量
Variables measured in physical units
Recession 衰退
A period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment
Regressive tax 累退税
A tax for which high-income taxpayers pay a smaller fraction of their income than do low-income taxpayers
Reserve ratio 准备金率
The fraction of deposits that banks hold as reserves
Reserve requirements 法定准备金
Regulations on the minimum amount of reserves that banks must hold against deposits
Reserves 准备金
Deposits that banks have received but have not lent out
Rivalness 竞争性
The property of a good that one person’s use diminishes other people’s use
random walk 随机行走
a term used to describe the way prices of stock move, where the next movement cannot be predicted on the basis of previous movements