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Import quota 进口限额
A limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domestically
Imports 进口
Goods and services that are produced abroad and sold domestically
In-kind transfers 实物转移支付
Transfers to the poor given in the form of goods and services rather than cash
Income effect 收入效应
The change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer to a higher or lower indifference curve
Income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性
A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers’ income, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income
Indexation 指数化
The automatic correction of a dollar figure for the effects of inflation by law or contract
Indifference curves 无差异曲线
Curves that show consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction A good for which an increase in income reduces the quantity demanded
Inferior good 低档商品
A good for which, other things being equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in quantity demanded
Inflation 通货膨胀
An increase in the overall level of prices in the economy
Inflation rate 通货膨胀率
The percentage change in the price index from the preceding period
Internalizing an externality 外部性的内在化
Altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actions
Investment 投资
Spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housing
imperfect competition 不完全竞争
any market structure in which there is some competition but firms face downward-sloping demand curves