2017年吉林高考英语完型填空专题模拟22
As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind farms; yet they never take “direct action”， even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies(财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favourable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民).
Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbonbased power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for noncarbon energy generation.
Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms’ impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.
We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.
The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.
72.We can learn from the first paragraph that________.
A.energy policy catches much attention of the public
B.the residents are in favour of the expansion of wind farms
C.many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies
D.the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents
73.Supporters think that the expansion of wind power ________.
A.is more rapid than that of carbonbased power
B.guarantees an increase in energy output
C.is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power
D.agrees with EU targets for noncarbon energy generation
74.It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A.an official report will settle the energy problem
B.the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms
C.the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation
D.political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts
75.Which of the following reflects the author’s opinion?
A.Increase political impact on energy policy.
B.Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.
C.Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.
D.Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.
【要点综述】 本文是一篇社会生活类文章。文章介绍了人们特别关心能源政策，尤其是风力发电站引起了多方的关注和不同观点的探讨。
72.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“…few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.”可知能源政策引起了公众更多的注意，因此A项正确。
73.D 细节理解题。第二段主要列举了支持者和反对者的观点。支持者认为风能一定是可再生能源，也是核能和碳能混合体的一部分，国家一直致力于满足欧盟的非碳能源生产的目标。因此D项正确。
74.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知B项正确。
75.C 推理判断题。根据第四段，尤其是其中的“…and let the country be the judge.”可知C项正确。
For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地), and elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.
If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we’re hanging from a cable in a long passage.
In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it，” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.
Today, as the world’s urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America’s total number of elevators—900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine’s “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that’s becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.
67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The general view of elevators.
B. The particular interests of experts.
C. The desire for a remarkable machine.
D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.
68. The author’s purpose in mentioning cars is ________.
A. to contrast their functions with elevators’
B. to emphasize the importance of elevators
C. to reveal their secret war against elevators
D. to explain people’s preference for elevators
69. According to Prof Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?
A. Vertical direction.
B. Lack of excitement.
C. Little physical space.
D. Uncomfortable conditions.
70. The author urges readers to consider ________.
A. the exact number of elevator lovers
B. the serious future situation of elevators
C. the role of elevators in city development
D. the relationship between cars and elevators
【要点概述】 本文是一篇议论文。文章告诉我们，电梯在美国人的生活中是非常重要的，它使人们向垂直方向发展。随着城市规模的扩大，电梯的使用越来越多，人们要更加关注电梯的作用。
67. A 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles.”可知，大部分人都认为电梯是不值得关注的机器，而Dr Christopher Wilk认为这是一种错误的想法，他认为电梯和汽车几乎同样重要。故this是指大众对于电梯的错误的看法，所以A项正确。
68. B 推理判断题。作者在第一段中提到汽车，提到了它的作用“…with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地)…”，然后提到电梯的作用“…elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.”，其目的是用汽车的作用说明电梯的作用及它的重要性。 所以B项正确。
69. C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“…that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience.”以及“‘We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.’”可知人们乘坐电梯的时候感觉是拥挤的、不愉快的，而这主要是因为电梯里的空间太小，给人压抑感。所以C项正确。
70. C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Today, as the world’s urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America’s total number of elevators—900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine’s ‘2012 Vertical Transportation Industry’—are a force that’s becoming more important than ever.”可知，随着城市规模的扩大，电梯的使用越来越多，它起的作用比以往更重要了，所以人们要更加关注电梯的作用。所以C项正确。
The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 per cent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zerocarbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.
“Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”In other words，old habits die hard, even in the bestdesigned ecohome.
Another part of the problem is information. Households and billpayers don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energyuse habits. Without specific information，it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback(反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 per cent energy savings using smart meters.
Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals’ behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器), for example.
Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.
66. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________.
A. zerocarbon homes
B. the behaviour of building users
C. sustainable building design
D. the reduction of carbon emissions
67. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“________”.
A. the ways
B. their homes
C. developments
D. existing efforts
68. What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about?
A. The importance of changing building users’ habits.
B. The necessity of making a careful building design.
C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
69. The information gap in energy use ________.
A. can be bridged by feedback facilities
B. affects the study on energy monitors
C. brings about problems for smart meters
D. will be caused by building users’ old habits
70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?
A. The social science research is to be furthered.
B. The education programme is under discussion.
C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.
D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.
【要点综述】 英国能源研究中心新的研究表明加强对人们的教育对于减少二氧化碳的排放是非常重要的。
66. B 细节理解题。文章第一句就提到了在能源使用方面，房子使用者的行为至少和设计一样重要，因此英国能源研究中心新的研究强调的是房子使用者的行为。
67. D 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知这里which指代的就是existing efforts。
68. A 推理判断题。文章第三段Katy的话强调的是房子使用者的消耗习惯所起的重要作用，因此A项正确。
69. A 细节理解题。文章第四段的“Feedback(反馈) facilities…could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use…”说明设施的反馈可以弥补信息差的局限性，因此A是正确答案。
70. C 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到房子使用者的行为是不可预测的。
However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make betterinformed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all：there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money”.People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage：“value for time”. The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
58.According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________.
A.making more money
B.taking more opportunities
C.reducing missed opportunities
D.weighing the choice of opportunities
59.The “leftover…time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________.
A.spared for watching the match at home
B.taken to have dinner with friends
C.spent on the way to and from the match
D.saved from not going to watch the match
60.What are forgone opportunities?
A.Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking.
B.Opportunities you give up for better ones.
C.Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D.Opportunities you make up for.
【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。在我们的生活中，无论是对金钱还是时间而言，我们都需要一直寻找更好的机会。本文从经济学的角度诠释了这些概念。
58.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.”可知机会成本，简单指某人的时间或者金钱是否可以被更好地用在其他方面，即权衡机会的选择，故D项正确。
59.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知“leftover…time”是指上文中提到的去体育场往返路上的时间，C项是同义句，故选C。
60.B 推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词forgone可以定位到本文第四段。根据第四段第一句“…every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo…”及最后一句的“…still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.”可知答案是B。
