2017年吉林高考英语完型填空专题模拟20
Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money). The purpose is to let children learn from experiences at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.
The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance.
In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowances soon after they receive them. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget (预算). Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. The object is to show young people that a budget demands a choice between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics.
Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your children for working around the house. These jobs are a normal part of family life. Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it.
Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice. You have to cut costs and plan for the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowances can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance. A saving account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest.
Compounding works by paying interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two per cent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two per cent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot, but over time it adds up.
1.Parents give their children allowances in order to ________.
A.show off their wealth of family
B.let them make more money
C.make them learn the value of money
D.help them manage family finance
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The time to give allowances.
B. The way to spend allowances.
C. The amount of allowances given to children.
D. Considerations taken to give allowances.
3.Why are parents advised to offer young children allowances strictly as planned?
A.To help children learn to make a budget.
B.To have children save money for larger costs.
C.To let children make fewer mistakes.
D.To give them more allowances next time.
4.What does the author intend to tell the readers?
A.The methods of limiting allowances.
B.The advice on a better family budget.
C.To teach children how to use allowances wisely.
D.How to offer allowances to children properly.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了如何培养孩子的经济头脑的问题。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一句“Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money).”可知，父母给孩子零花钱目的是让他们了解钱的价值，故选C项。
2.D 段落大意题。根据第二段的第二句“Timing is another consideration.”并结合全段可知，本段主要讲的是在给孩子零花钱时要有所考量，故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的倒数第二句“The object is to show young people that a budget demands a choice between spending and saving.”并结合本段的整体内容可知主要是培养孩子们的预算意识，故选A项。
4.C 写作意图题。根据文章第一段第一句和文章的整体内容可知，本文的主要目的是教育孩子们如何有效地花自己的零花钱，故选C项。
I once had a house guest from Cuba. During his visit, I happened to throw an old broken blender(搅拌机) in the trash. The next day it was sitting on my counter—in working order. In his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesn’t work properly. They take the time and figure out how to fix it. In Cuba, they are still driving cars from the 1960s, mainly because they do not have a choice.
In contrast, the US is a “throwaway” society. Statistics show that each American produces six pounds of trash per day. I believe a combination of factors has contributed to this phenomenon.
Planned obsolescence(废弃) is not a secret. It is a manufacturing(制造业) philosophy developed in the 1920s and 1930s, when mass production became popular. The goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. This pressures consumers to buy again.
Planned obsolescence does keep costs down. Instead of making an expensive product that will last a long time, businesses produce more affordable, disposable(一次性的) items. Some electronic items have become so inexpensive that it is cheaper to replace them than to repair them.
Busy people often value their time and convenience more than money. If a car starts to have mechanical problems, replacing it with a newer, more reliable model may be more appealing than tolerating it being in the garage for a week.
In addition, advertising trains consumers to want what is new and improved. It convinces them that the more they have, the happier they will be.
Unlike people in many developing countries, we live in a world of abundance. A study by Dr Timothy Jones of the University of Arizona also found that in the US, 40～50 per cent of all food ready for harvest is wasted. Abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the American way of life.
1.In Cuba, people usually fix a broken item instead of buying a new one because ________.
A.wasting is prohibited there
B.they are poor
C.they are interested in fixing things
D.they live a low-carbon life
2.According to the article, planned obsolescence ________.
A.began before mass production became popular
B. is intended to encourage consumers to buy more things
C. results in higher prices of items
D. requires factories to produce high-quality products
3.Which of the following is NOT true about the “throwaway” society in the US?
A.People prefer to buy a new blender rather than repair the broken one.
B.A large quantity of food has been wasted.
C.People believe that the more they have, the happier they will be.
D.People all hold the belief that money comes first.
4.What may be the writer’s attitude towards a throw-away society?
A.Supportive. B.Critical.
C.Tolerant. D.Optimistic.
【文章大意】 有一次，作者在扔掉用坏的搅拌机时，碰巧家里有一位来自古巴的房客，房客第二天把作者扔掉的搅拌机拿了回来并修理好。由此作者比较了古巴和美国两个国家人的社会生活的差异，认识到了在古巴这样贫穷的国家，人们过得非常节俭，而在美国这样物质极大充足的国家，浪费现象非常严重。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章首段中的“In his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesn’t work properly.”可知，在古巴人们买不起东西才会对用坏的东西进行修理，故B项正确。
2.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. This pressures consumers to buy again.”可以判断B项正确。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“Busy people often value their time and convenience more than money.”可知，忙碌的人们把时间和便捷看得比
金钱更重要，所以D项内容错误。
4.B 推理判断题。据文章末段中的“…40～50 per cent of all food ready for harvest is wasted. Abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the American way of life.”可知，作者认为物质的充足造成了浪费现象，所以作者对一次性物品充斥的社会是持批判态度的，故B项正确。
What’s a “gift”? If you look it up in the dictionary, you’ll see that it’s another word for a present. For example, “They brought him some gifts.” However, if you’re German, “gift” means something completely different: poison!
The word “gift” is an example of a “false friend”—a word that looks the same in two languages, but actually has two different meanings. As English is basically a mixture of German, French and Latin, there are many words that are similar in these languages. For example, the English word “education” is “education” in Spanish. And the English words “word”，“book”， “nine”， “house” are “wort”， “buch”， “neun”，“haus” in German.
These similar-looking words can be very helpful when learning other languages—they’re our “friends”. However, sometimes they can turn out to be “false friends”. Here are a few examples.
In English, someone who is “sensible” thinks before he acts and shows good judgement. For example, “The sensible thing to do would be to consult a lawyer.” However, in Spanish, “sensible” means “sensitive” (showing understanding of other people’s problems, needs or feelings).
The English word “coin” refers to a piece of money made of metal. For example, “I had a few coins in my pocket.” But the French word “coin” means “corner”.
The English word “library” is a place where you can go to borrow books. For example, “I borrowed six books from the library.” But the Spanish word “libreria” refers to a bookshop where you buy books.
The English word “actually” means “in fact”. For example, “Actually I’m not Italian; I’m from America.” But the Spanish word “actualmente” means “currently” or “at the moment”.
Finally, the English word “embarrassed” means “ashamed”. For example, “They looked a bit embarrassed.” However, the Spanish term “embarazada” means “pregnant”.
1.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that English ________.
A.is easy to master
B.is simpler than Spanish
C.has a complex background
D.has changed greatly throughout history
2.Which of the following pairs of words are “true friends” according to the author?
A.Nine and neun.
B.Library and libreria.
C.Actually and actualmente.
D.Embarrassed and embarazada.
3.According to the passage, in Spanish ________.
A.“coin” means “corner”
B.“gift” refers to something negative
C.“educacion” simply means “book”
D.“sensible” doesn’t necessarily mean “wise”
4.The author develops the passage mainly by ______.
A.following the order of space
B.comparing different ideas
C.providing typical examples
D.analysing the cause and effect
【文章大意】 本文讲的是英语是德语、法语、拉丁语的混合语言，有很多单词看起来很相似，这对学习其他语言是有帮助的，但还有很多单词虽然看起来相似，意思上却有很大的不同。作者举了很多这样的例子。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“As English is basically a mixture of German, French and Latin…”可知C项正确。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“…the English word ‘education’ is ‘education’ in Spanish. And the English words ‘word’， ‘book’， ‘nine’， ‘house’ are ‘wort’， ‘buch’， ‘neun’， ‘haus’ in German.”可知A项正确。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知D项正确。
4.C 文章结构题。纵观全文可知作者给出了很多的例子。
Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 per cent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometres) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered(驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.
In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.
24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons ________.
A. were the biggest bird in the world
B. lived mainly in the south of America
C. did great harm to the natural environment
D. were the largest bird population in the US
25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ “________”.
A. escape B. ruin
C. liberation D. evolution
26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A. To seek pleasure.
B. To save other birds.
C. To make money.
D. To protect crops.
27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A. It was ignored by the public.
B. It was declared too late.
C. It was unfair.
D. It was strict.
【要点综述】 本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。在美国，18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很多。人们认为旅鸽数量多，会有永久的供应，于是杀害了成千上万的旅鸽。而在19世纪末，美国人伐木驱散了旅鸽。1897年密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在该州已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群了。最后一只旅鸽于1914年在辛辛那提动物园死去。
24. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…a number equal to 24 to 40 per cent of the total bird population in the United States…”可知选D。
25. B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.”可知，人们认为旅鸽数量多，会有永久的供应，于是杀害了成千上万的旅鸽。由此判断undoing的意思是“死亡，毁灭”。故选B。
26. C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.”可知，人们杀死旅鸽主要是为了赚钱。故选C。
27. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.”可知，在密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在该州已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群了，由此可推断旅鸽的数量已经很少了，因此这项法律通过得太晚了。故选B。
