一、主旨大意题
这类问题主要测试考生把握主要内容与中心思想的能力。
常见问法：
What is the passage mainly about/ main idea?
What will be the best title?
What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?
主旨大意题的解题方法：
1. 文章主题句通常位于首段或者尾段，每一段的首句通常总领该段意思，可以速读后抓首
句来在脑中形成结构图。
2. 抓关键词。文章中反复提及的关键词应该出现在主旨句中，细枝末节的东西只能是干扰
项。
3. 标题的自明性。碰到给文章命名时，一定要记住这一规则，符合文意的题目一看你就知
道这篇文章讲了什么，绝对不会有驴唇不对马嘴之感。
【现场训练】
Passage 1
When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are
unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it
is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority .
This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.Music provides a kind of perception that cannot be acquired any other way.
When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as
music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science and technology do not tell
us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering
and celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more necessary
than people seem to realize.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Music education deserves more attention.
B. Music should be of top education priority.
C. Music is an effective communication tool.
D. Music education makes students more imaginative.
【解析】文章第一段讲述许多学生家长认为音乐这门学科没有用处。第二章批判了这一想
法，第三章强调了音乐的重要性。两个划线句子清晰表明文章主旨，抓住他们，题目迎刃而解。
Passage 2
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so
helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark
situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also
needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
What is the best title of the passage?
A. Everyone should have his own flashlight
B. The useful flashlight
C. What is modern flashlight D. Who need a flashlight?
【解析】答案为 B。本段讲述了 flashlight 的用处和带给人们的方便。A 项为过度引申，C、
D 项文中并未提及，无中生有。
本文导航第1页主旨大意第2页推理判断第3页情感态度第4页猜测词义第5页细节理解二、推理判断题
这种问题主要测试考生联系上下文和把握句意，从而进行推理的能力。
推理判断题总是会有一些标志性的词语，如：infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，
indicate(暗示)等。
常见问法：
It is implied in the passage that ________.
What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
What does the underlined word “it” (in paragraph....) means?
推理判断题的解题方法：
1. 题内选项推理。通过常识或者逻辑推理题内选项的正误，例如两个相互矛盾的选项通常
有一个是对的;
2. 定位原文。找出目标词/句/段，联系上下文，一一排除，碰到两难时，以文章主旨为取
舍标准。
【现场训练】
Passage 1
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are
disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In
hunting and gathering cultures , old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times
of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,
whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people
feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not.
It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _________.
A. it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive
B. infants could be left dead in times of starvation
C. parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children
D. death was considered to be freedom from hardships
【解析】段落首句即主旨句：寿命的延长加重了依赖性负担。题干要求推理狩猎文化下人
们对于老弱病残的态度。首先看选项，A“让老人生存是道德责任”，B“饥荒时弃婴儿不顾”，两
者对待老弱是截然不同的两种态度，我们可以猜测答案在两者中间产生;然后，定位原文，答
案 B 便呼之欲出了。
本文导航第1页主旨大意第2页推理判断第3页情感态度第4页猜测词义第5页细节理解三、情感态度题
这类问题主要测试考生对作者态度的把握。
常见问法：
The author’s attitude towards...might be summarized as(seems to be) .
Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards...?
The author is most critical of .
表示态度常见的词汇:
积极类： objective(客观的 ), impartial(公正的 )， helpful(有帮助的 )， positive(正确的 )，
supporting(支持的 )， admiring(羡慕的 )， interesting(引起兴趣的 )， unbiased(没有偏见的 )，
concerned(关心的)，confident(自信的)，impressive(给人印象深刻的)，optimistic(乐观的)等;
中立类：detached(超然的), factual(实际的), indifferent(无关紧要的)，impassive(冷漠的)，
uninterested(不感兴趣的)，ambivalent(矛盾的)，apathetic(无动于衷的)，neutral(中立的，不确定
的)，impersonal(不带个人色彩的)等;
消极类：disgusting(令人厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的)，intolerable(不能忍受
的 ) ， disappointed( 失 望 的 ) ， subjective( 主 观 的 ) ， biased( 有 偏 见 的 ) ， doubtful( 怀 疑 的 ) ，
compromising(折中的)，worried(担心的)，pessimistic(悲观的)，hostile(敌对的)等。
态度题的解题方法：
第一，某一事物是好是坏。作者对它是支持还是反对，态度都非常明确，而带中立色彩的
词最不可能是正确答案。问作者对某事物的态度时，表示“客观”的词多为正确选项，如：objective,
impartial, unbiased 等;问作者对其提到的人们的观点的态度时，答案只能是肯定或否定，支持或
反对。如：critical, approval, opposition, supporting 等。
第二，既然写了文章，那么作者的态度就不可能漠不关心，因此见到 indifferent，uninterested
这类词可以首先排除。
第三，注意不要把考生自己的好恶态度糅进其中，要注意区分作者本人的态度和作者引用
的观点的态度。
第四，当作者的态度没有明确提出时，考生要学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作
者态度，如：wonderful(y)，successful(y)，positive(ly)，active(ly)，negative(ly), unfortunate(ly),
doubtful(ly)等。
【现场训练】
Passage 1
Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes
the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional
health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these
hours. Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also
generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention, she says.
What is the author’s attitude towards working irregular hours?
A. positive B. negative C. indifferent D. objective
【解析】根据方法一和方法二，C、D 两项首先排除;根据方法四，unfortunately 可以反映
出作者的反对态度，即答案 B。
Passage 2
To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These
are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit
groups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the
dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.
Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and
convalescent hospitals?
A. Sympathetic. B. Unfriendly.
C. Optimistic D. Critical
【解析】 “dumping grounds”, “poorly”等一系列词汇可以推测出作者的消极态度，C 项排除;
而尾句作者描写这些濒临死亡人们的惨淡遭遇，清晰的显示出了他同情的态度，即 A。
本文导航第1页主旨大意第2页推理判断第3页情感态度第4页猜测词义第5页细节理解四、猜测词义题
这类考题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测。提问的方式主要有：
1. What does the underlined word “...” in the first paragraph mean?
2. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word?
3. The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by________.
4. According to the passage, the underlined word “...” is the closest in meaning to “_____”.
猜词题的解题方法：
1. 根据并列关系：由并列连词 and 确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。
2. 根据选择关系：由选择连词 or 推知前面或后面的词义。
3. 根据同位或解释关系：通过生词后的定语、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解
释说明来推测其意思。
4. 根据转折关系：表示转折的词有 but, however, otherwise, though 等;
5. 根据因果关系：既可由因推果;也可由果推因。表示因果关系的有 because, so that,
so/such...that...等。
6. 根据列举实例：根据 such as, for example 等后列举的实例可推测出前面某个词语的意思。
7. 根据构词法推测词义，有些词根词缀可以帮助我们推测词义。
【现场训练】
Passage 1
On the other hand, why do some medical-studies show changes in the brain cells of some people
who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with
modern scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of
serious memory loss, He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his
own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his
working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his
employer’s doctor didn’t agree.
The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by ________.
A. cured B removed C.discovered D. caused
【解析】根据上下文，“脑组织的变化”和“现代扫描仪器”之间的关系，显然“发现”最为恰
当。应对此类题目，准确定位、回归语境最为重要。
Passage 2
If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the
"novice" setting to get basic information about the animals. On the "expert" setting, on the other hand,
you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature, and exploration of bears.
The word “novice” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by ________.
A. scientist B. creator C. beginner D. expert
【解析】“on one hand”和“on the other hand”是一对表对比的两方面，因此可以推知“novice”
是“expert”的反义词，即 beginner。
本文导航第1页主旨大意第2页推理判断第3页情感态度第4页猜测词义第5页细节理解五、细节理解题此类题型是对文章中某句话、某段或者某一细节进行提问。
常见问法：
According to the text, it is important because …
Which of the following is the result of …
Which of the following is not the sb’s statement?
Which of the following is true?
事实细节的考查内容和形式可以说是五花八门，但是大致可以归纳为以下三种类型：
(1) According 型
题干中多用 who，what, where, which, when, why, how 等疑问词引导，利用词性、同义词、
近义词或一些意思相似的语句去考查考生对原文表达细节信息的词汇、惯用法的正确理解，要
求考生在文中寻找重要事实与细节。
考生可以利用题目的关键词去寻找文中对应词，在对应词周围找答案。
(2) 隐含的事实和细节型
测试考生对文章展示的细节的综合概括能力。
考生需要在读懂全文的基础上，综合概括作者展示的各种细节。
(3) 正误判断题
这类问题考察学生对细节的迅速定位和辨别判断能力。
考生首先要读懂问题题干与选项，然后回归原文进行查读，一一甄别，对号入座。应该注
意的是正确选项很少有原文的直接截取，通常为同义替换。如果感觉两个选项都对，则以文章
的主旨为判断主要依据。
细节题的解题方法：
1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜;
2.准确定位，找到与题干最匹配的原文语言重现;
3.找准关键词，明白其暗含的意思;
4.多读文章，正确使用排除法。
【现场训练】
Passage 1
The new study took place in Dares Salaam. 4, 200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The
pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with vitamins C and E. They also contained
several times more iron and foliate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant
women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the
foods in their diet.
A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPT ________.
A. all vitamins in the B group
B. vitamins C and E
C. much iron and foliate
D. antiviral substances
【解析】答案为 D。准确定位，原文重现：
The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with vitamins C and E. They also
A&B
contained several times more iron and foliate than the levels advised for women in developed nations.
C
Passage 2
Analysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average of
31 months old when they succeeded in fishing out their termites, where the boy chimps were aged 58
months on average. Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every dip and
used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not.
Which of the following is true about chimps fishing for termites according to the paragraph ?
A. Males often compete with females in fishing for termites.
B. Males could get out more termites with every dip.
C. Females could get out more termites with every dip.
D. Males are good at mastering technique for fishing for termites.
【解析】直接定位原文：Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every
dip and used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not.
第二节
技巧点拨篇
一、阅读解题步骤：“三步走”
1. 通读全文，抓住中心：首段原则，首末段原则(第一段非常重要)
思考：(1) 文章论述的主要内容是什么?
(2) 作者的态度有没有?
(3) 有没有一些核心的概念?
2. 仔细审题，回归原文：搜索题干中的关键词，如时间地点人物概念，根据关键词定位到
原文中，找出原文中对应的地方。
3. 仔细推敲，得出答案：仔细阅读涉及到该题目内容的句子或者段落，仔细推敲，联系问
题中的选项，运用技巧，选择符合题意且最接近文章内容的选项。
【现场训练】
Every year hundreds of thousands of visitors to New York City go to see the United Nations
Headquarters in midtown Manhattan. The 18-acre site includes four buildings – the Secretariat, the
General Assembly, the Conference building, and the Dag Hammarskjold Library. The United Nations
(UN) currently has 192 members, and the flags of those nations line the plaza in front of the General
Assembly Hall and Secretariat. The row of flags, displayed in English alphabetical order, from
Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, stretches from 48th Street to 42nd Street.
The decision to locate United Nations Headquarters in the United States was made in 1946 by the
UN General Assembly, then meeting in London. Several U.S. locations were considered, but a
donation of 8.5 million dollars from philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. secured the purchase of
land at the present site. And the City of New York provided a gift of additional land. The UN complex
was designed by an international team of prominent architects. American Wallace K. Harrison was
named chief architect, and ten other countries each nominated an architect to the Board of Design
Consultants. The 11 architects began the project in early 1947. The U.S. government provided an
interest-free loan to the United Nations for the cost of construction, which began in 1949.
The Secretariat Building, which houses the UN administrative offices, was completed in 1950,
and United Nations Headquarters officially opened in 1951. The Library was dedicated in 1961. Over
the years, changes have been made inside the buildings to accommodate the expanded membership of
the United Nations. Today the General Assembly Hall, the largest conference room, seats more than
1,800 people.
The UN Headquarters site is international territory owned by the member nations. It has its own
security force, fire department, and postal service. The postal service issues stamps that can only be
mailed from the Headquarters; tourists often mail postcards bearing these stamps.
Taking a guided tour is the only way for visitors to see the inside of the UN Headquarters. Tours
are led by professional guides representing all the member nations and are conducted in many
different languages. Visitors taking a tour see exhibits, various council chambers, and the GeneralAssembly Hall. If their timing is good, they might even see a council meeting in session.
The United Nations Headquarters displays many beautiful and meaningful works of art created
specially for its halls and chambers. Sculptures and statues donated by member nations adorn the
grounds of the complex. One sculpture, the Japanese Peace Bell, was made from the metal of coins
collected from 60 different countries. Japan presented the bell to the United Nations in 1954, and it is
rung every year on September 21, the International Day of Peace.
The Peace Bell and other sculptures, as well as paintings and murals inside the buildings, create
an impression of grandeur and dignity, reflecting the importance of the work being done at the United
Nations.
1. If you want to see the flag of the People’s Republic of China in front of the UN headquarters, you
would most probably find it ________.
A. near the 48th street
B. near the 42nd street
C. in the middle between 48th and 42nd streets
D. in the third position from the flag of Afghanistan
2. The UN was most likely formed ________.
A. before 1946 B. after 1946
C. in 1950 D. in 1947
3. As a response to the increase in the UN membership, ________ to meet the needs over the years.
A. more buildings have been built
B. internal changes have been made
C. old buildings have been enlarged
D. more new land has been purchased
4. Which of the following statements about the tour guide is true?
A. A tour guide may show his pride of his home country before visitors.
B. Each member country sends its tour guide to work in the UN Headquarters.
C. Each tour guide must be able to speak the languages of the member countries.
D. A tour guide should not just feel proud of his own home country before visitors.
5. This article is most likely written for ________.
A. general newspapers
B. magazines on architectural art
C. books on the international affairs
D. encyclopedic information brochure for students
