l Further notes on one text
At the butcher’s在肉店,参考Lession14的注释,对映的名词有:greengrocer’s(蔬果店)doctor’s(诊所)my mother’s(我妈妈的家)hairdresser’s(理发店)
How are you all keeping? 你们身体都好么?
for the weekend for强调一个时间段;at强调一个时间点
Aren’t you lucky! 你们真幸运!否定形式的感叹句。
Don’t you know! 你难道不知道么?
Isn’t he my friend! 难道你不是我的朋友么?
at church 做礼拜。注意以下不用不定冠词:church、school、hospital。
in the race 参加比赛 at the race 在赛场上(观看比赛)
hundreds of… 数以百计的…用来表示不确定的数量才用复数形式。
Five other cars were just behind him. 注意程度副词just的位置,在be动词之后。
l Expressions:
一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作、事件。
与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:
1. 句子中有“介词+表示过去时间的名词”构成的短语,如in 1949,on March fifth等时。例如:
Tom was born in 1990. 汤姆出生于1990年。
2. 句子中有表示时间的副词yesterday,或由yesterday构成的短语,如 yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening, the day before yesterday等时。 例如:
He went to Beijing with his parents yesterday. 他昨天和他的父母一起去北京了。
3. 句子中有“时间段+ago”构成的短语,如five days ago,two years ago等时。例如:
My father came to the school three years ago. 我父亲三年前来到了这所学校。
4. 句子中有“last +表示时间的名词”构成的短语,如last year,last month 等时。例如:
We visited the Great Wall last Sunday. 上个星期天我们参观了长城。
5. 句子中有其它表示过去的词语或短语,如once(曾经),then(那时),just now(刚才)等时。例如:
Your friend once telephoned to say goodbye to you. 你的朋友曾打电话向你告别。
I went to your home just now. 我刚去过你家。
|
时态 |
谓语 |
副词 |
|
现在进行时 |
be 现在分词 |
now at the moment |
|
一般现在时 |
单三 s/es |
频率副词 every each |
|
一般过去时 |
过去分词 |
yesterday just now last week an hour age in 1997 before 3 minute |
一般过去时的结构:
系表(be):描述过去的事实
陈述句:She was at the butcher’s just now.
一般疑问句:Was she at the butcher’s just now?
回答:Yes, she was./ No, she wasn’t.
问句:
Who was at the butcher’s just now?
Where was she just now?
When was she at the butcher’s?
行为动词:描述过去的状态
陈述句:I watched the teleplay yesterday.
一般疑问句:Did you watch the teleplay yesterday?
回答:Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
问句:
Who watched the teleplay yesterday?
What did you do yesterday?
When did you watch the teleplay yesterday?
过去分词的规则变化:
1. 在动词后加ed,清辅后读[t];浊辅或元音读[d]
lookèlooked
listenèlistened
2. 以t或d结尾的加ed,读[ed]
needèneeded
wantèwanted
3. 以e结尾,直接加d
phoneèphoned
hopeèhoped
agreeèagreed
4. 以重读音节短元音 辅音结尾的,双写辅音 ed
stopèstopped
(重读r音节也要用这条规则)
referèreferred
preferèpreferred
5. 以辅音 y的,变y为i加ed读[id],而元音则直接加ed
carryècarried
cryècried
