l Further notes on one text
later that morning 那天上午的晚些时候
We both tried to get the coins. 这里面get是得到的意思
It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.
1. happen to 只能是以物作主语。
2. a friend of mine 我的一个朋友,也可以说one of my friends。
What’s up? 怎么了
as quickly as they could是状语,修饰ran away。这是一个比较状语从句
l Expressions
1. 简单的同位语:
所谓同位语,就是两个词含义相同,而两者互为补充。后者叫前者的同位语,如课文中:
While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.
Tommy是boy的同位语
He put them both into his mouth. 他把两个都放到了嘴里
both是them的同位语。
We both tried to get the coins. 我们两人试图把这两枚硬币拿出来
both是we的同位语。
名词性同位语:
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother’s. 昨天,我遇到了我哥哥的朋友,汤姆。
Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university.
玛丽是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一,她正准备上大学。
We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子,一个男孩和一个女孩。
代词性同位语:
Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?
We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。
可见,如果作同位语的是一个短语或句子,那么要用逗号分隔,如课文中的:
Our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.
但如果同位语和被修饰的都一个词的话,那么,就不用逗号分隔
We both tried to get the coins.
下面是一个简单的例子:
It’s my friend, Jim Green.
It’s my friend Jim.
2. 以When和While引导的时间状语从句
本课中所学习的When、While、As都可以引导时间状语从句:
When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.
当我丈夫进到客厅时,他掉落了一些硬币。
While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.
在我们吃饭的时候,我们的小男孩汤米在地板上找到了两枚硬币。
Just as I was opening the front door, the telephone rang.
当我打开前面,电话铃响了。
可见,如果从句在前,那么用逗号分隔,如果主句在前,则不用。
本课中应该注意的问题是:
1. When和While/as的区别在于,when 当…时;While在…期间。也就是说:When常跟瞬间性动词;而While必须跟持续性动词的从句。
2. When有着很广的时间点,而使用when/as时,主句和从句的动作必须是同时发生的。
3. When和as引导的从句不常用进行时态,就算用进行时态,也是因为有瞬间性动词做从句,起强调作用。
When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived. 当我要将要离开,邮递员到了。
4. When不用于主句和从句都是进行的情况,这种情况要用While,但如果说,从句中是瞬间性动词,那么,仍然用When,但要把从句的时态变成其它时态。
When I was opening the front door, the telephone rang.
5. 如果从句是主句和从句的动作同时发生,而且从句是瞬间性动词,那么when/while/as可以互换。
When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
当她在打电话时,我正在写信。 [make为延续性动词]
3. 过去进行时:
表示过去某时正在进行的动作,或过去某个时间段正在发生的事件。另外一点:当过去一个动作现在发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行。(时间状语从句)与现在时行的区别在于,事件发生在过去。比较好理解。
结构:was/were 现在分词
I was reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday evening.
I was reading a book when my farther came home.
状语:过去进行时的状语与一般过去时的状语是一样的,比如yesterday、last night。和具体的时间连用:at 7 o’clock。
过去进行时被用来介绍故事背景,如果表达过去对象的状态.那么也用过去进行时.
A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. (NCE2-1)
She was wearing a blue dress and a mink coat. (133)
I was driving eighty miles when I overtook you. (129)
