l Further notes on one text
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。其中Let有“允许”的意思。注意在Let后面要加不带to的动词不定式。
Love, Jimmy. 爱你的吉米；Yours, Jimmy. 你的，吉米。常用于信件的结尾。
Speak up. 大声的说
l Expressions
1. 间接引语：
概念：所谓间接引语就是陈述他人说的话，他的语法一个宾语从句：
直接引语：[The doctor says:] ‘I’ll come at once’.
间接引语：The doctor says [that] he will come at once.
句式：直接引语的句式和宾语从句的句式是一样的。但注意疑问句say要变为ask，祈使句not的位置。
|
句式 |
直接引语 |
间接引语 |
|
陈述句 |
I’ve seen this film. |
Ken says that he’s seen this film |
|
一般疑问句 |
Will you fly to Paris? |
Nigel asks me if[/whether] I’ll fly to Paris? |
|
特殊疑问句 |
What does he want? |
I ask you what he wants. |
|
祈使句 |
Don’t make noises |
The teacher tells them not to make noises. |
时态：间接引语的时态与宾语从句的变化相同，主句为现在时或将来时，从句可以是任何时态。主句是过去时，从句一般来说是过去时。具体变化如下：
|
时态 |
直接引语 |
时态 |
间接引语 |
|
一般现代时 |
He wants a new car. |
一般过去时 |
He said that he wanted a new car. |
|
现在进行时 |
I’m watching television. |
过去进行时 |
He told me he was watching television. |
|
一般过去时 |
I lost my bag |
过去完成时 |
He said he’d lost his bag. |
|
现在完成时 |
Have you been to China? |
过去完成时 |
I asked him if he’d beet to China. |
|
一般将来时 |
When will you go home? |
过去将来时 |
He asked me when I would go home. |
但是以下情况特例：
1. 从句是客观事实或真理，那么仍然用一般现在时
The teacher said to us that the earth is round.
Father said that light travels much faster than sound.
2. 如果从句仍然是状态没变，那么仍然用一般现在时。
I told Jim that I always get up at 6 o’clock.
Kate said to me that she likes doll.
3. 如果从句有确切的时间状语支持的话，如in 1976。那么从句的一般过去时不变。
You told me that you were born in 1976.
代词的变化：变间接引语时，代词有可能发生改变。
1. 当this/these 做代词，it/them
I like this. —— Andy says that he likes it.
2. 当this/that/these/those做形容词，变the
He will go to this cinema —— He told me that he would go to the cinema.
时态的变化：
this 时间 变 that 时间
Were you found a new job this morning? —— I ask him if he was found a new job that morning.
today 变 the day 那天
What will you do today? —— He asks me what you will do the day.
yesterday 变 the day before adv. （在某日的）头一天
My girlfriend bought a watch for me yesterday.
I told to you that my girlfriend bought a watch for me the day before.
tomorrow 变 the next day adv. （在某日的）下一天
My brother will pay you tomorrow.
You said your brother would pay me the next day.
2. 反意疑问句概述：
概念：询问某种情况是否真实，或者别人是否同意自己。
句型：前面肯定后面否定；前面否定后面肯定。
He doesn’t say very much, does he?
特点：主语、时态、助动词应保持一致。而语调是：升调需要回答，而降调只是一种确认，不需要回答。
Doesn’t Karen Marsh look old?
She does, doesn’t she! (127)
答句：反意疑问句的否则形式的答句与否定疑问句的答句相似：
He doesn’t say very much, does he? 他没有写很多，对么。
Yes, he does. 不，他写了许多No, he doesn’t. 是，他没有写许多。
They are workers, aren’t they? 他么是工人，不是么？
Yes, he does.不，他们是工人；No, he doesn’t. 是，他们不是工人。
注意两点:
1.翻译问题:
It’s not you, is it? That’s right. (123) 这不是你,对吗? 不,是我.
2.以This;That的否定疑问句,要用it来回答.
That is Joho Smith, isn’t it? (139)
