Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 听力A
根据听到的内容，回答 1～5 题。
第1题正确的答案是________
(2)第2题正确答案是________________.
(3)第3题正确答案是________________.
(4)第4题正确答案是________________.
(5)第5题正确答案是________________.
听力B
(1)
(2)第7题正确答案是________________.
(3)第8题正确答案是________________.
(4)第9题正确答案是________________.
(5)第10题正确答案是________________.
听力C
(1)
(2)Which of the following is NOT tree?
A. [ A ] Most competitors did not finish the race within two hour
B. [ B ] Most competitors were interested in the rac
C. [ C ] Most competitors were trying to run as fast as they coul
D. [ D ] Most competitors wanted to know if they could run 26 mile
(3)Where did one of the runners fall down?
A. [ A ] 50 meters from the en
B. [ B ] 15 meters from the en
C. [ C ] 10 meters from the en
D. [ D ] 5 meters from the en
(4)
(5)Which program gives us the ideas behind the pop songs?
A. [ A ] The History of Po
B. [ B ] The Road to Musi
C. [ C ] Pop Word
D. [ D ] About the Big Hit
(6)For native speakers understanding English pop songs is_______。
A. [ A ] effortles
B. [ B ] impossibl
C. [ C ] difficul
D. [ D ] unnecessar
(7)
(8)What is the speaker’s main point?
A. [ A] Animals yawn for a number of reason
B. [ B ] Yawning results only from fatigue or boredo
C. [ C ] Human yawns are the same as those of other animal
D. [ D ] Only social animals yaw
(9)According to the speaker, when are hippos likely to yawn?
A. [ A ] When they are swimmin
B. [ B ] When they are quarrelin
C. [ C ] When they are socializin
D. [ D ] When they are eatin
(10)What physiological reason for yawning is mentioned?
A. [ A ] To exercise the jaw muscle
B. [ B ] To eliminate fatigu
C. [ C ] To get greater strength for attackin
D. [ D ] To gain more oxyge
Section II Use of English (15 minutes) 英语常识(1)
(2)第22题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] stimulated
B. [ B ] animated
C. [ C ] developed
D. [ D ] interested
(3)第23题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] guided
B. [ B ] prepared
C. [ C ] tailored
D. [ D ] sold
(4)第24题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] computer-aided
B. [ B ] computer-presented
C. [ C ] computer-designed
D. [ D ] computer-developed
(5)第25题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] promise
B. [ B ] introduce
C. [ C ] encourage
D. [ D ] require
(6)第26题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] but
B. [ B ] just
C. [ C ] and
D. [ D ] therefore
(7)第27题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] appreciate
B. [ B ] recall
C. [ C ] comment
D. [ D ] produce
(8)第28题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] recommend
B. [ B ] guess
C. [ C ] bet
D. [ D ] urge
(9)第29题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] result
B. [ B ] mark
C. [ C ] impression
D. [ D ] difference
(10)第30题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] immediate
B. [ B ] free
C. [ C ] versatile
D. [ D ] instant
(11)第31题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] over
B. [ B ] with
C. [ C ] by
D. [ D ] in
(12)第32题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] decisions
B. [ B ] agreements
C. [ C ] contracts
D. [ D ] plans
(13)第33题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] communication
B. [ B ] commerce
C. [ C ] business
D. [ D ] program
(14)第34题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] reserves
B. [ B ] handles
C. [ C ] subscribes
D. [ D ] transmits
(15)第35题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] mail
B. [ B ] deposit
C. [ C ] send
D. [ D ] save
(16)第36题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] missing
B. [ B ] disappearing
C. [ C ] expelling
D. [ D ] retaining
(17)第37题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] dismantle
B. [ B ] confine
C. [ C ] discriminate
D. [ D ] isolate
(18)第38题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] occasion
B. [ B ] substitute
C. [ C ] change
D. [ D ] compromise
(19)第39题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] near
B. [ B ] up
C. [ C ] close
D. [ D ] back
(20)第40题正确答案为()
A. [ A ] life
B. [ B ] alive
C. [ C ] living
D. [ D ] live
Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes) 阅读理解A
(1)
(2)The different ways men and women move their body indicate that_______。
A. [ A ]bone structures in men and women are arranged differently
B. [ B ] women’s bones are more ready to movement
C. [ C ] men always move their bodies with waste motions
D. [ D ] women are good at climbing upwards
(3)It can be concluded from the passage that_______。
A. [ A ]men suffer more from sun’s radiation than women do
B. [ B ] men will be more exhausted than women after a long tri
C. [ C ] the higher proportion of fat in women’s body makes them easier to lose weight
D. [ D ] an aged man can still exercise his body as he was young
(4)The best title for the above article is_______。
A. [ A ]Why Men Lack Capacity for Exercise over the Years
B. [ B ] How Men’s Bones Are Arranged Differently from Women’ s
C. [ C ] Studies on Differences and Similarities between Men and Women
D. [ D ] Men and Women: Some Differences
(5)Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. [ A ]More oxygen needs to be prepared when a man is having surger
B. [ B ] Man’s courage has nothing to do with male’s body structur
C. [ C ] A woman usually stays cooler in summer and warmer in winte
D. [ D ] It is easier for a man to lose his weigh
(6)根据短文，回答{TSE}题
(7)Wearing a seat belt in a vehicle_______。
A. [ A ] reduces road accidents to more than a half
B. [ B ] saves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hour
C. [ C ] reduces the death rate in traffic accidents
D. [ D ] saves more than 15,000 lives each year
(8)It is the driver’s responsibility to_______。
A. [ A ] make the front seat passengers wear a seat belt
B. [ B ] make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat belt
C. [ C ] stop children riding in the front seat
D. [ D ] wear a seat belt each time he drives
(9)According to the text, which of the following people riding in the front does NOT have to wear a seat belt?
A. [ A ] Someone who is backing into a parking spac
B. [ B ] Someone who is picking up the children from the local schoo
C. [ C ] Someone who is delivering invitation letter
D. [ D ] Someone who is under 14.
(10)For some people, it may be better_______。
A. [ A ] to wear a seat belt for health reasons
B. [ B ] not to wear a seat belt for health reasons
C. [ C ] to get a valid medical certificate before wearing a seat belt
D. [ D ] to pay a fine rather than wear a seat belt
(11)根据以下短文，回答{TSE}题
(12)How did the author behave as a boy in love?
A. [ A ] His first love motivated him toward hard stud
B. [ B ] His first love evoked sentimental memorie
C. [ C ] He was overpowered by wild excitement and passio
D. [ D ] He fulfilled his expectations and desire
(13)According to the passage, what held them back from a loving kiss?
A. [ A ] Her Jewish origin did not allow i
B. [ B ] His Catholic adherence forbade i
C. [ C ] They were not sure whether it was proper or ethical to kiss in line with their religious decoru
D. [ D ] Kissing was found to be inelegant or even distastefu
(14)According to the passage, what was Rachel’s response to the author’s tender affection before the war?
A. [ A ] She recognized and accepted his love affectionatel
B. [ B ] She thwarted his affection by flatly turning him dow
C. [ C ] She fondly permitted him to adore her without losing her own heart to hi
D. [ D ] She didn’t care for him at all and only took delight in playing with his feeling
(15)Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. [ A ] Statement and exampl
B. [ B ] Cause and effec
C. [ C ] Order of importanc
D. [ D ] Linear descriptio
(16)根据以下短文，回答{TSE}题
(17)The growth of limited liability companies resulted in_______.
A. [ A ] the separation of capital from management
B. [ B ] the ownership of capital by managers
C. [ C ] the emergence of capital and labour as two classes
D. [ D ] the participation of shareholders in land ownership
(18)The text indicates that_______.
A. [ A ] some countries developed quickly because of the emergence of the limited liability companies
B. [ B ] the tide of industrialisation would widely benefit British shareholders greatly
C. [ C ] shareholders contributed a lot to the fast growth of the British economy
D. [ D ] the system of shareholding impaired the management of modem companies
(19)We learn from the text that_______.
A. [ A ] shareholders often cast negative influence on the well-being of workers
B. [ B ] owners of traditional firms enjoyed a good relationship with their employees
C. [ C ] limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly
D. [ D ] trade unions had a positive role on workers and the management
(20)The author appears to be very critical of________.
A. [ A ] family firm owners
B. [ B ] shareholders
C. [ C ] managers
D. [ D ] landowners
阅读理解B
(1)根据短文，回答{TSE}题
(2)正确答案是_________
(3)正确答案是_________
(4)正确答案是_________
(5)正确答案是_________
写作
(1)The Spring Festival is a traditional festival in China, and Chinese have been accustomed to celebrating it at home. But now more and more people choose to travel during this most important festival. Here is a discussion on this topic:(1) Some people think it is more interesting to travel during the Spring Festival.(2) Other people think it is better to stay at home with their families during the Spring Festival.(3) My opinion on this topic.In your essay, you should use the three pieces of information mentioned above.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
答案和解析
Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 听力A
(1) :
听力材料
第1题正确答案：Thursday(2) :
7:30(3) :
bicycle(4) :
1(5) :
8听力B
(1) :
听力材料
第6题的正确答案是surrounded by people(2) :
to overcome(3) :
show of self-confidence(4) :
a big city(5) :
exciting and fulfilling听力C
(1) :D
听力材料
第11题的正确答案为：D(2) :C
(3) :A
(4) :B
听力材料
第14题的正确答案是：B(5) :D
(6) :C
(7) :A
听力材料
第17题的正确答案：A(8) :A
(9) :B
(10) :D
Section II Use of English (15 minutes) 英语常识
(1) :A
schoolwork“功课，课堂作业”，一般泛指学校里的功课作业;exercise“练习”;teamwork“团队合作”;research“研究”。从上下文我们可以推断这里泛指学校里的一切作业功课。exercise过于具体，teamwork和research意思上不符(2) :B
animate“使有生气”，animated“栩栩如生的，动画的”，animated cartoon“动画片”o character除了最常用的表示“人的性格、气质”外，“字体、符号、人物”也很常用，如Chinese character “汉字、方块字”。本句意为孩子们愿意多媒体中的动画字或人物来教他们学习。stimulate“刺激、激励”，如：stimulate the economy“刺激经济”。developed“发展的”;interested“有趣的”。(3) :C
tailor“裁缝”，tailored“专门量身定做的”。本句意为由专家专门量身定做的软件。(4) :A
computer—aided“由电脑辅助的”。本句意为既然你已接受了由电脑辅助的教育，那谁还需要老师呢?computer—presented“以电脑方式呈现的”;computer-designed“电脑设计的”;computer-developed “电脑开发的”。(5) :D
require“需要”。本句意为这些昂贵的设备对孩子们来说用起来很困难，需要老师做大量的指导。promise“承诺，答应”;introduce“介绍”;encourage“鼓励”。(6) :A
but“但是”。本句意为当然，孩子们喜欢电子游戏，但想想你自己的经历：你还能回想起多年前的教学影带吗?哪怕只有一部。上下文是转折关系。(7) :B
recall“回想”。本句意为你还能回想起多年前的教学影带吗?哪怕只有一部。appreciate“欣赏”，如I appreciated his abilities in this job.我欣赏他的工作能力。“感激”，如I appreciated his help.我感谢他的帮助。comment“评论”，如no comment“无可奉告”。produce“生产”。(8) :C
bet“打赌”。本句意为我敢打赌你肯定记得让你的生活产生了重大变化的那么两三个好老师。recommend“推荐”，如Can you recommend me a good book?可以推荐我一本好书吗?urge “极力主张，强烈要求”，如He urged his wife to quit herjob.他强烈要求妻子放弃工作。(9) :D
make a(big)difference “不同，发生变化”。尽管make和4个答案都可以搭配，但从词义来看应选difference。make a result “产生结果”;make a mark“作个标记”;make an impression on “给…留下印象”。(10) :D
instant“即时的，快速的”，如instant coffee/noodle“速溶咖啡/即食方便面”，instant shopping“即时购物”;instant catalog shopping就表示电脑上列出了各种目录清单，点一下购物就完成。本句意为网络保证了我们购物的方便，只要查一下目录，轻轻一点，交易就在瞬间完成。immediate表示动作的快速，而instant表示动作持续时间的短暂。versatile“多才多艺的，多功能的”，如versatile performer“多才多艺的演员”。(11) :A
over the network固定搭配，下文已经给出了over the Internet由此可以推测。(12) :C
negotiate a contract“洽谈合同”，固定搭配。agreement也有“合同、协议”的意思，但我们常说enter into an agreement“达成协议”。(13) :C
do business“做生意”。commerce也有“生意、贸易”的意思，但不与do搭配。(14) :B
handle=deal with sth.“处理某事”。handle business“处理生意”;handle difficulies“对付困难”;reserve“预定”，如reserve a table at a restaurant“在饭店预定张桌子”;reserve your strength“保留力气”;transmit“传播”，如transmit a signal“发送信号”;subscribe“注册”。(15) :C
mail“邮寄”，后面已经提到了over the internet所以肯定不能用mail。deposit“储存、储蓄存款”。从词义来看只能选send。本句意为即使互联网能提供可靠的方式来转移资金，但是网上缺少一个最主要的商贸元素：营销人员。(16) :A
missing“缺少的”;expelling“强迫的，迫使的”;retaining “保留的”，从题意来看只能选missing。(17) :D
isolate“使…隔离”。本句意为电脑和互联网把我们和其他人隔离开了。dismantle“拆成零块”;confine“把…局限于，监禁”;discriminate“歧视”。(18) :B
substitute“替代品”。本句意为网上的聊天仅仅是不能和朋友见面喝咖啡的一种无可奈何的替代品。occasion“场合”;compromise“妥协、让步”。(19) :B
come up to“达到”，固定词组。本句意为多媒体展示的效果再好也永远不可能达到现场音乐会的效果，让人那么激动。(20) :D
live“实况的，现场的”。Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes) 阅读理解A
(1) :C
参考译文
近年来的一项发现表明男人造血的能力不如女人强。这使得外科手术对男人来说风险更大。另外由于他们呼吸的频率没有女性高，男人需要更多氧气。但男人的呼吸更深，这样他们又多了一样危险。空气被污染时他们会吸入更多的空气。
男人的骨骼比女人的大而且构造也不同。女人走路会招来很多口哨声是由于骨骼结构的原因。男人肩膀宽髋骨窄，这使他可以大步前进而没有多余的动作。女人的骨盆更宽是为了孕育后代，这迫使她每走一步都得做更大的动作，结果走路时就显得有点摇摇摆摆。
如果你觉得男人勇敢，因为他能爬上梯子清洁排水檐沟，那么不要忘了这活对男人来说比对女人要容易些。女人的大腿和膝盖相接的角度使得攀登对她来说很困难，不论是爬梯子，爬楼梯还是爬山。
男人的皮肤比女人的厚而且不如女人的皮肤柔软，这有效地阻止了阳光辐射穿过，这就是男人不像女人那样容易起皱纹的原因。女人有一层薄薄的皮下脂肪，比男人多的这一点脂肪贮存有它的用处。它无形中起着毛皮大衣的作用。使女人在冬天里感觉更加温暖。女人在夏天里也更凉爽。因为这层脂肪有助于隔绝热量。男人的脂肪分布不均匀。而且他们没有那层皮下脂肪。事实上，他们的脂肪比女人少得多，但肌肉比女人多。男人身体的41%是肌肉，相比之下女人只有35%的肌肉，这意味着男人有更大的力量。说到力量，几乎男人的体重的90%都有力量，而女人相应的比例是大约50%。
肌肉比脂肪的比例大使男人更容易减肥。为了维持自身能量，一磅肌肉比一磅脂肪多燃烧5个卡路里。所以当男人想要减肥时，他的体重下降得更快。尽管男人肌肉发达，他们缺少女人拥有的能量储备。他们的爆发力强，但是女人身体各处贮藏的脂肪可以提供丰富的能量储备，这是男人所不具备的。
阿拉巴马大学的心脏病学家对从事繁重工作的健康妇女做了测试后发现随着时间流逝女性身体运动的能力远远优于男性。一个健康的60岁的妇女可以做的身体运动能达到她20岁时的90%，而一个60岁的男人的运动能力只是他20岁时的60%。
第41题参考答案：从文章第一段最后两句But men breathe more deeply and this exposes them to another risk.They draw more of the air when it is polluted。
(2) :A
文章第二段开头：Men’s bones are larger than women’s and they are arranged somewhat differently.然后下面列举了男人和女人各自移动身体的不同，归根到底是因为他们骨骼构造的不同。
(3) :B
从文章可得出结论：选项A：男人受阳光辐射的损害比女人更多。这显然是错的，恰恰相反。选项B：长途旅行后男人比女人更容易疲劳，因为男人的肌肉占的比例大。选项C：女人身体里的脂肪比例高，所以女人减肥更容易，这显然是错的。选项D男人老了以后还可以像年轻时一样运动，这显然不正确，最后一段说男人只能做年轻时运动量的60%，而女人能做90%。
(4) :D
由文章的内容来看，答案只能在选项C和选项D中选，选项C是对男人和女人的相同和不同的研究。文章只说了不同，没提相同，所以D项是最合适。
(5) :B
根据文章判断哪个是错的。选项A：男人做手术时需要准备更多氧气。正确，第一段提到了。选项B：男人的勇气和身体结构无关。错误，文章第三段第一句提到了don’t forget it is easier for him than for a woman.接着说了女人身体结构对于爬高的不利。选项C：女人夏天凉快冬天暖和。正确，第四段中间部分提到了。选项D：男人减肥容易。正确，男人脂肪少。(6) :D
参考译文
每年都有3万多名司机或坐在前排的乘客丧命或受重伤。在时速只有30英里时也相当于从一幢3层楼的建筑物上跌下。系安全带可以挽救生命：它可使丧生或受重伤的几率减少大半。
所以大多数交通工具中的司机和超过14岁的前排乘客必须系安全带。如果你不系，你会被处以最高50英镑的罚款。司机没有确保你系安全带的责任。但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的儿童在车辆前排就座时系上安全带之类的东西。
但当你倒车时，或者开特殊车辆，如在当地送货或做收集工作时，或者你有无须系安全带的有效医疗证明时，你无须系安全带。在决定不安全带前要确定这些情况适用于你。记住你可能会因不系安全带而被送上法庭.并且如果你不能证明自己有不系安全带的理由你就会被罚款。
第46题参考答案：more than=above“多于”;approximately=about“大约”。
(7) :C
在车上戴安全带：reduce your chance of death or serious iniury by more than a half戴安全带可以减少50%的死亡率或重伤几率。选项A：不是公路事故而是死亡率或重伤几率。选项B：以30公里/小时开车时能挽救人的生命。与文章不符，本文是说30公里/小时以上必须戴安全带。选项D：每年挽救15，000人的生命。
(8) :B
从第二段最后一句话可知：But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they ale wearing a seat belt of some kind。
(9) :A
第三段第一句话reversing your cal"=backing into a paling space倒车。
(10) :B
之所以人们要使用医院证明，就是因为他们健康方面的原因，不能戴安全带。 (11) :A
参考译文
我依然记得阳光洒在她头发上的样子。她转过头，我们四日相对，在五年级喧嚣的教室里，一丝奇妙的情愫掠过我的心。一刹那，我的心好像中了一击。就这样，我的初恋开始了。
她叫Rachel。我浑浑噩噩地读完了五年级和中学，在此期间，只要见到她我就会动心，只要有她在场，我就会说不出话来。除了我，还会有谁被她微亮的窗灯吸引，徘徊在夜幕中，像夏夜里可怜的虫子?那种如痴如狂的激情，虽非性爱，但却是那样急迫，那样难以抗拒，使我局促不安，使我的声音凝噎。如今，这一切就像那场难圆的梦。
一条通往家和学校的林间小道上，我常常与她邂逅，然而这却让我万分沮丧.因为她总是一副若无其事，镇定自如的样子。回到家之后，我只能独自重温和她每次相遇时的情景，而一想到自己不善言谈我就深深为之苦恼。即便这样，在我们十几岁的时候，我却能感受到她对我的柔情。要做“男女朋友”我们还缺乏那份成熟。她的犹太正教的教养和我天主教的自责心，迫使我们表现出单身者的庄重，在我们之间连接吻也变得可望而不可及，虽然我们都非常渴望!一次舞会上我终于拥抱了她——当然，有父母在场。我的拥抱使她咯咯地笑起来，那充满天真，信赖的少女的笑声让我痛十艮自己当时莫名冒出来的想法。无论如何，我对Rachel的爱仍然只是单相思。后来，我们都高中毕业，她考上了大学，而我则参了军。
二战使我们天各一方，因为我被派往了海外。一段时间里我们只能寄鸿雁以诉衷肠。在那段艰难无望，漫漫无期的岁月里，她的书信是我最刻骨铭心的记忆。一次她寄给我一张她身着泳装的快照，这张照片使我对她的恩念飙到了极点。在回复她的信中，我谈到我们结婚有没有可能。而就从那以后，她的信越来越少，越来越陌生了。回国后我迫不及待地就去她家找她。门，是她母亲给开的。后来我才知道，Rachel已经不在那住了。她早结婚了，和一个在大学里认识的学医的同学。她母亲对我说：“我以为她已经写信告诉你了。”她的绝情书终于被我收到了，那是在我等候复原的时候。她委婉地向我解释，我，和她，结婚，是不可能的。现在回想起来，虽然在开始的几个月里我想自己再也不愿意活下去了，我当时还算很快就熬过了那段苦海无边的日子。像Rachel一样，后来，我也找到了属于自己的她——一个我学会用永恒的更深沉的承诺去爱的人，直到今天，此情依旧!
第51题参考答案：根据文章第一段第二句话，…a mome(12) :C
根据文章第二段最后一句话，That delirious swooning，a sexual but urgent and obsessive，that made me awkward and my voice crack…那种如痴如狂的激情，虽非性爱，但却是那样急迫，那样难以抗拒，使我局促不安，使我的声音凝噎。所以说作者作为恋爱中的男孩是异常兴奋和充满激情的。所以选C。
(13) :C
根据文章第三段中的一句话Her Orthodox Jewish upbringing and my own Catholic scruples imposed an inhibited grace that made even kissing a distant prospect…，所以说阻止他们接吻的是她的犹太正教的教养和我天主教的自责心，只有C相符，排除A，B，D。
(14) :C
此题应用排除法。文章最后一段，I mentioned the possibility of marriage in my next letter，and almost immediately her replies became less frequent，less personal.在回复Rachel的信中，提到他们结婚有没有可能，而就从那以后，她的信越来越少，越来越陌生了。所以排除A她辨认出并热情接受了他的爱，B直截了当地拒绝他的爱。根据She gently explained the impossibility of a marriage between US.排除D，所以答案是C她欣然允许他去爱她，但是却没有使自己爱上他。
(15) :D
通读全文，本文从两个人的相识，一直叙述到两个人恋爱，分手，各自结婚，所以D是线性叙述正确。故选D。 (16) :C
参考译文
19世纪晚期，“资本”和“劳动力”都在向着现代的方向扩大和完善它们的互相对立的组织。许多老公司都被雇佣管理人的有限责任公司取代了。这些改变符合新时代的技术要求，它动用了一个很大的专业技术元素，防止了效率的降低。因为正是这种效率降低常常毁掉了继干劲十足的创业者之后第二代或第三代家族企业的前程。而且它也从个体创造向着集体主义和地方企业及国有企业迈进了一步。那些铁路公司，尽管仍是私有企业，运营目的仍是使持股人获得利润，但已和旧式的家族企业很不相同。与此同时，强大的地方政府也介入商业，为纳税者提供照明、电车和其他服务。
有限责任公司和地方企业的发展有着重要的影响。资本和工业这种大规模的缺乏人情味的运作大大增加了持股人的数量以及他们作为一个阶级的重要性。这个阶级成为国家生活中一个代表无责任财富的要素。他们没有土地，不用承担土地所有者的责任;同样他们也不用承担企业经营的责任。在19世纪，美洲、非洲、印度、澳大利亚和欧洲的部分地区依靠英国的资本得以发展，而英国持股人也因此从世界工业化运动中获得利益。诸如伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城市很快被建设起来供那些富有的阶级居住，他们不再工作，靠他们的收入生活，他们除了领取分红和偶尔参加一下股东会议向管理部门发号施令以外与社区没什么关系。从另一个方面看，“持股”意味着闲暇和自由，维多利亚晚期很多人把这些闲暇和自由当作他们的伟大文化的最高目的。
这些“持股人”对他们所持股的公司中雇员的生活、思想和需要一无所知。而他们对劳资关系的影响也是很不好的。代表公司的受雇经理人和工人以及他们的需求有更直接的关系，但即使是他也很少像通常处在旧式家族企业家长制度下的雇主那样熟悉工人们的私人状况。其实.单是公司运作的规模和牵涉到的工人的数量就决定了这样的人际关系是不可能的。但是幸运的是，工会日益增长的力量和日益扩大的组织，至少在技术性行业里是如此，使工人能够与雇佣他们的公司的经理平起平坐。罢工和闭厂的残酷磨炼教会了劳资双方尊重彼此的力量和理解平等协商的价值。
第56题参考答案：作者说旧式的家族企业：选项A：旧式的家族企业被年轻一代毁掉。文章第一段是提到了，但这不是文章所要说的重点。文章主要在谈有限责任公司和股东。选项B：旧式的家族企业缺少个人主动性。很显然不正确，旧式的家族企业的创始人是积极肯干的，只是第二代第三代缺少激情(17) :A
有限责任公司导致资金和管理分离。这也就是为什么会产生股东的原因。股东只是投入资金，就所投资金分享利益和承担风险，不参加管理。
(18) :B
文章暗示，选项A：因为有限公司的出现，所以一些国家发展得很快。文章没提到。文章只是说美国、非洲、印度、澳大利亚等一些国家是借助英国的资金发展起来的。选项B：工业化的浪潮让英国的股东们大大受益。文章第二段中间部分提到了：and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization。选项C：股东对英国经济的快速增长贡献很大。文章没有说，只说英国的股东们从对那些国家的投资中大大受益。选项D：股份制这种形式不利于现代公司的管理。错误，正因为它最适合，所以现在才会盛行。
(19) :D
从文章可知：选项A：股东通常对工人的福利产生负面影响。文章没有说，只是在最后一段的首句说他们对劳资之间的关系影响不好：and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good。选项B：传统家庭作坊式的业主和雇员的关系很好。文章没说，只是表示他们很熟悉自己的雇工。选项C：有限责任公司太大，不能顺利运转。很显然是错的。选项D：行会对解决劳资之间的关系起积极主动作用。正确，从文章最后几行可知。
(20) :B
文章从传统家族企业谈到现代的有限责任公司主要就是为了引出股东的话题，从股东发展的由来到他们所起的作用。说他们是有钱有闲，不问正事的阶层，可见作者对其是持批评态度的。阅读理解B
(1) :
【译文】在男女角色没有明显分工，家务事或多或少由双方共同承担的家庭中，男性优越的观点是很难维持的。
【解析】本句是一个由两个长状语从句修饰一个简单状语的简单句。两个where后的长句都是修饰family的。因此决定了必须译成“在…的家庭里”。sharply separated“严格、明显的分开”;household task “家务活”;to all extent“在某种程度上”;notion“观念”;male superiority“男尊(女卑)”;maintain“保持”。
(2) :
【译文】在这种家庭长大的孩子比他们的父母更容易学会接受平等的观念，会做好充分准备去参与—个合作的，而不是“性别大战”的社会。
【解析】本句是一个带两个长宾语的简单句。To accept...and to prpare…是两个并列的宾语。第一个宾语带的是一个复合句more...than句型。第二个宾语后带了很多修饰成分，主干是prepare…participation in a world，characterized…“battle of sexes”都是修饰a world的。
(3) :
【译文】有一些迹象表明：研究家庭的心理学家和专家意识到了男性在家庭中的作用，他们认为女性既不应该受到所有的称赞，也不应该受到所有的指责。我们几乎已不再说：妇女就该待在家里。
【解析】这是一个两个并列同位语从句组成的复合句。That psychologists...the part men play和that they have decided...nor all the blame是并列结构。sign“迹象”;be aware of“知道”;receive credit“受到表扬”。
(4) :
【译文】然而，我们开始研究男性在家庭中的地位，并坚持男性在家庭中占有一席之地的观点，男性在家庭中的地位与孩子的健康成长不无关联。
【解析】nor“也不”，irrelevant“无关联的”。这是—个双重否定表肯定。
(5) :
【译文】家庭是一个合作的集体，很难为它制定一些制度，因为家庭中的每一个人都需要找出解决自家问题的办法。
【解析】前半部分是一个定语从句，lay down rules for“给…制定规则”。先行词是cooperative enterprise“合作集体”;work out“找出”。
写作
(1) :
One possible version：
The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China.and Chinese have been accustomed to celebrating it at home.However，with the improved living standard and the changed living style，people have changed their ways of spending the Spring Festival.
In recent years，more and more people choose to travel to celebrate this special festival.And these people expect to relax themselves by visiting some interesting places or scenic spots with their family members.Through the trips，they can learn more about the customs and culture in different
places，which will undoubtedly broaden their scope of knowledge.Above all，they may avoid visiting their relatives and being visited by their friends，
and thus they may enjoy much freedom.In their opinion，the best way of expressing their wishes to their friends is to make a phone call.
But other people still prefer to stay at home during the Spring Festival.
After all, the Spring Festival is a Chinese tradit
