2015年全国公共英语等级考试四级模拟预测卷及答案4

发布时间:2021-09-27 09:34:44

21.rA]rather than[B]rather than of[C]rather…than of[D]not of

22.[A]of these[B]of that[C]of a person [D]of those

23.[A]in his mme [B]to his name[C]under the name of[D]in their name 24.[A]nation[B]country[C]nationality[D]national

25.[A]in [B]of[C]under[D]with

26.[A]accepted[B]accepting[C]accepting as[D]accepted as 27.[A]charges[B]transforms[C]tums[D]transfers

28.[A]is[B]has long been[C]are[D]have long been

29.[A]donation[B]giving[C]sending[D]contribution

30.[A]that[B]what[C]which[D]in which

31.[A]amounts[B]numbers[C]amount[D]number

32.[A]few[B]some people[C]many people[D]many others

33.[A]may[B]can[C]must[D]are obliged to

34.[A]to him[B]to them[C]to her[D]to US

35.[A]improve[B]change[C]care[D]alleviate

36.[A]talk[B]persuade[C]say[D]convinced

37.[A]non-violent[B]violent[C]inviolent[D]noviolent

38.[A]proceeded[B]pioneered[C]processed[D]possessed

39.[A]variety[B]kinds[C]sorts[D]various

40.[A]the poor people[B]the black[C]Jesus[D]Christians

41.At first,NASA is__________private citizen’S space travel.

[A]for

[B]against

[C]indifferent to

[D]hesitant about

42.The time between American businessman Dennis Tito’s and a South African businessman Mark Shuttleworth’space travel is__________.

[A]one year

[B]two years

[C]three vears

[D]four years

43.NASA thinks space travellers must__________to do private space travel.

[A]observe safety measures carefully

[B]have a new desire to use space vehicles for civilian travel

[C]negotiate with Russia or NASA

[D]be as rich as Dennis Tito and Mark Shuttleworth

44.If a person really wants to go to the space station,he or she should spend——in total.

[A]$200000

[B]twelve million dollars

[C]twentv million dollars

[D]more than twenty million dollars

45.Those who want to travel in the space should__________.

[A]afford the expenses of the space trip

[B]pass the health check and physical training

[C]speak English

[D]all of the above

46.The writer quotes Shakespeare mainly to__________.

[A]praise the keen perception of the great English writer

[B]support Dr Frisoni’s theory about a disease

[C]start the discussion on a brain disease

[D]show the long history of the disease

47.The word“regression”in the first paragraph is best replaced by__________.

[A]backward movement

[B]uncontrolled inclination

[C]rapid advancement

[D]unexpected restoration

48.After contracting frontotemporal dementia,the 68-year-old lawyer__________.

[A]became more dependent on his family

[B]grew fond of classical music

[C]recovered from language incompetence

[D]enjoyed loud Italian popular music

49.Frontotemporal dementia is a disease__________.

[A]identified with loss of memory

[B]causing damage to certain parts of the brain

[C]whose patients may develop new talents

[D]wbose symptoms are similar to those of Alzheimer’s patients

50.Dr Frisoni attributed the patients’changing muslc taste to__________.

[A]man’S desire to seek Dovel experience

[B]the damage to the left part of the brain

[C]the shift of predominance from the right lobe to the left

[D]the weakening of some part of the nervous system

51.Which of the following is true aceording to the text?

[A]All the patients whom Dr Starzl operated on died on the operating table.

[B]To Dr Starzl it waS very discouraging that his first liver transplant failed.

[C]Many doctors had performed organ transplant before Dr Starzl.

[D]Dr Starzl didn’t give up even though he had failed in his attempts.

52.One factor causing death on organ transplantation is__________.

[A]heavy bleeding during surgery

[B]destruction of patients’immune system

[C]objection from patients to taking organs of others

[D]doctors’Iack of confidence

53.In the US,there is fl long waiting list for organs because——.

[A]there is a shortage of actual organs

[B]only a few people become organ donors

[C]doctors have set a limit to the number of organ recipients

[D]transplant surgery is still experimental

54.There would be many more organ donors if__________.

[A]laws are designed to encourage organ recycling

[B]people can’t legally prevent a family member from donating his organ

[C]doctors are more willing to ask for donations

[D]transplant surgery is more successful

55.The best title for this passage might be“__________”.

[A]Dr Starzl and Transplant Surgeons

[B]Transplant Surgery in the US

[C]The Future of Transplant Surgery

[D]Success in Transplant Surgery and Shortage of Organs

Darts of the United states.For these great numbers of new Americans,New York had to provide homes’ goods and services.Their labor helped the city become great.

56.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

[A]Development of Transportation in New York.

[B]Exports and Imports of New York.

[C]How New York Became America’S Largest City?

[D]How New York Exchanged with Europe?

57.Which of the following respects did NOT help New York become the most famous city?

[A]Cuhure.

[B]History.

[C]ECOnomics.

[D]Geographical location.

58.Which of the following statements iS true?

[A]The Erie Canal connected Lake Erie and the Hudson River.

[B]Economists are for the opinion that places where farming is done are good for making raw materials into finished goods.

[C]Wagons drawn by horses or oxen Soon proved better and cheaper than canal transportation.

[D]The coming of the railroads caused New York to become less important as a shipping center.

59.Freight costs were reduced to 10%of what they had been because of__________.

[A]the decline in taxes

[B]the construction of the railroads

[C]the construction of the Erie Canal

[D]the development of industry

60.Why were passengers from Europe able to travel to New York SO cheaply?

[A]Because the ships were over-croWded on the trip back to New York

[B]Because shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe.

[C]Because the shipping companies wanted to develop travelling industry in New York.

[D]Because few Europeans longed to visit New York.

Section IV Writing

(35 minutes)

66.Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay on it.In your essay,you should

1)describe the carto071 briefly,

2)analyze this situation,and

3)give your comTq’tents.

You should write I 60200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Section II Use of English

21.[B]。考查搭配与句子结构。rather than指“而不是”。由句子结构可知,这一句的完整形式应当是 It ls a matter of choice rather than(a matter)of birth,表示所有格的介词of不能省略,选[B]。

22.[D]。考查代词。由空格后定语从句谓语用的是复数形式可知先行词应为复数代词,它指代的又是

人,所以用those。注意these表示的是近指,但本句并不含近指义。

23.[A.]。考查固定搭配。in one’s name以某人的名义;to one’s name这种搭配不正确;under the name

of化名为,以…的名字;in their name中的their指代不明。

24.[C]。考查名词辨义。由句子结构可知填入的词应当与age(年龄)、race(种族)属于同一范畴,因此

选nationality(国籍,民族)。

25.[C]。考查介词和搭配。in可与care组成固定搭配in care of(由…转交);of表示所有格或者性质,

with引出的是工具或者方式;它们都不合上下文逻辑。under the care of指“在…的照料或关心下”。

26.[D]。考查动词语态。由空格后引出施动者的by可知这里是用被动语态,而a Christian并非accept

的宾语,故要用as引出。因此本题答案是[D]。

27.[D]。考查动词辨义。charge收费,指控;transform使变形,使转化;turn转向,转变;transfer转移,

转化,调动。选项中只有[C]、[D]两项能直接跟介词to,但turn to指“变为,转向”,明显不合题意。

28.[B]。考查时态。由后文及常识可知这里应用完成时态,指“捐赠钱物给需要的人一向是基督教徒

生活的一部分”,而主语是分词形式,谓语要用单数,故选[B]。

29.[A]。考查名词辨义。donation捐赠物(尤指捐款),捐献;giving给予(不可数);sending发送,派遣(不可数);contribution贡献,捐献物。易混淆的是[A]、[D]两项,但后者一般不用于指教会的捐款。

30.[C]。考查从句连接词。由句子结构可知这里是一个非限制性定语从句,而先行词是the、work(of the church).因此连接词用which。

31.[A]。考查名词与搭配。指钱、金额时只能用amount,不能用number。由于主语用的是复数形式,

且根据常识可知其他基督教徒捐赠的比例应当是各不相同,因此amount应用复数形式。

32.[D]。考查代词用法与上下文理解。由前一分句中的some及两个分句之间意思的转折可知应填入 many others。其余三三项都不合上下文逻辑。

33.[D]。考查情态动词。may表示的是一种很小的可能性,“可以,也许”;can表示的是“能够”即有能力做某事;must表示的是一种必要性或者强制命令,“必须”;be obliged to指的是主动的“(感到)有义务做某事”。由下文文意可知[D]最恰当。

34.[B]。考查指代一致。由上下文不难看出这种观点应当属于那些觉得有义务来使世界变得更好的

基督教徒的,填入的代词应当指代前文中的many others,因此用to them。

35.[D]。考查动词辨义。improve改善,提高;change改变;care小心,照料,在意;alleviate减轻,缓和。由空格后的宾语和句意可知只能选[D]。

36.[B]。考查动词辨义与搭配。talk谈论,讲座(其后不跟不定式);persuade sb.to do stlx指“劝说某人做某事”,符合题意;say说,讲(不跟人作宾语,也不跟不定式);convince sb.to do sth.指“说服某人做某事”,含有成功义,但此处语态不对。

37.[A]。考查复合形容词的构成。由常识和句意可知甘地和马丁·路德·金等用的是非暴力抵抗手

段,而violent的反义词是non-violent,[C]、[D]两项词形都不对。

38.[B]。考查动词辨义。proceed继续进行,前进;pioneer开创,开发,倡导;process加工,处理,列队行进;possess拥有,具有。

39.[A]。考查名词与上下文理解。variety品种,多样化;kind种类;sort种类;various是形容词,不用于the…of这一搭配中。由上下文可知这里强调的是这些活动的多种多样,因此选[A]。

40.[D]。考查上下文理解。由于前文所述的都是基督教徒让世界得到改善的例子,且这一段第一句即说许多基督教徒认为他们有义务来使世界得到改善,因此此处当然也是总结说他们用于改善其他人生活状况的活动多种多样,故选[D]。

Section IIIReading Comprehension

Part A

Text l

41.[B]。分析推理题。文章第二段第二、三旬说:NASA had strongly objected to…,即NASA开始对于让平民百姓去国际空间站是强烈反对的。两年的谈判后才转变态度,因此选表示“反对”的against。

42.[A]。分析推理题。第二段第一句指出:Last April…,即美国商人Dennis Tito是去年四月去国际空间站的;而在第三段最后一句指出:In April…,即Shuttleworth先生将于(今年)四月去国际空间站旅行。两者之间的时间差距正好是一年,选[A]。

43.[A]。分析推理题。文章第四段首先通过专家的话解读了NASA新政策的意思,然后用该机构一位官员的话表明了NASA的态度。其中最后一句说:...as long as safety measures are observed carefully,表明了进行太空旅行的条件:严格遵守安全措施,故选[A]。

44.ED]。分析推理题。倒数第二段说明了进行太空旅行的费用。其中第二句指出培训费用是two hun&ed thousand dollars($200000),而第三、四句说这还不包括去空间站的费用,在太空中度假的费用是 twenty million dollars($200000000),因此总的费用是二者之和,选[D]。

45.[D]。细节题。文章最后两段说明了太空旅行者必备的条件。倒数第二段说明的是费用([A]);最后一段第一句说明的是健康([B]),第三、四句说明要懂英语([C]),因此本题答案是[D]。

Text 2

46.[C]。分析推理题。短文一开始就引用莎翁的话语,说他将老年描述成“第二个童年”:没有牙齿、眼睛和味觉(taste)。我们通读下文后发现,短文主旨谈论的却是一种跟taste(品位)相关的大脑疾病。根据篇章结构知识,我们不难推知作者引用莎翁话语的作用就是引入短文主旨,由此开始讨论这一疾病,因此本题答案就是[C]。其余各项都属于抓住原文中的词句进行的发挥,不是作者引用的目的。

47.[A]。词句理解题。本题理解的关键是该词后的部分,它补充解释了该词的意思:if not to infancy, then at least to a patient’S teens(即便不到婴儿时期,至少也会到病人的十几岁时),说明regression指的是一种“倒退,退化”,因此正确答案就是[A]。事实上,regression本身就是指“退化,衰退到不完美或较不发达的状态”。有些考生误选了[B]项,多是因为没有掌握好选项中inclination(倾向,爱好,倾斜)这个词。其余两项中,[C]指“快速发展”,[D]指“意料之外的恢复”。

48.[D]。细节题。对应的信息位于第四段第一句....started listening to the Italian pop band“883”,即他患病前认为流行音乐“纯属噪音”,而患病后却开始听起了流行音乐。而在该段第二句又进一步说明:hE continued to listen to the band at full volume for many hour a day(他每天都把音量开到最大,持续听该乐队韵音乐数小时)。能概括这一情况的是[D]:他开始喜欢听响亮的意大利流行音乐。其余各项都与此不符。

49.[C]。细节题。对应的信息位于第五段第二句:And other studies…gain new talents(其他的研究已经表明前颞痴呆症患者有时会获得新的才能)。该句前一段所举律师和主妇的例子、该句后补充列举的患例都是说明前颞痴呆症会让患者获得新的才能,因此本题答案就是[C]。其余各项都与原文不符:[A]项与第三段第三句中的Both had undamaged memories…一处不符;[B]项与第二段第一句中的因果关系相反;[D]与第五段第一句中…was not seen in any of the Alzheimer’s patients一处不符。

50.[D]。细节题。对应的信息位于最后一段第四句:Alternatively,the damage…to appreciate certain kinds of music(这一损伤可能选择性地影响了某些特定的、用于欣赏某些音乐种类的神经系统)。其他各项均与原文不符:[A]指“人类的猎奇渴望”,只是抓住了原文中novel experiences一处进行发挥,它显然不是病人改变音乐品味的原因;[B]指“左侧大脑损伤”,它具有一定的迷惑性,但原文说的是(damage)to the latter,而latter指的则是前面所说的the left fontal lobe(左大脑前叶),因此属于概念扩大;[C]指“由右大脑前页占主导转向左大脑前叶占主导”,则正好与最后一段第三句前半部分的意思相反。

Text 3

51.[D]。细节题。本题为细节比对题。[A]项与第一段第三句话不符;[B]项与该段第四句话中的 more determined than discouraged不符;[C]项与该段第二句中的the world’s first liver transplant不符;只有[D]项与该段第一句及第四句表达的意思一致。

52.[A]。分析推理题。第一段最后一句指出,Dr Starzl和同事们开发了新技术来减少手术中的大出血并用更好的方法来防止受体免疫系统对器官的排斥。由上下文及常识可知大出血肯定是使接受器官移植手术者死亡的一个原因,选[A]。其余三项都不对。

53.[B]。细节题。答案信息对应于第二段最后一句:The problem is that fewer than 20 percent become donors,即器官不足的原因是只有20%的死者成为器官捐赠者,与[B]一致。

54.[C]。分析推理题。文章第三段最后一句引用专家的观点,指出最大的障碍是医生没有要求捐赠,反过来即可推知,专家们认为如果医生更多地要求捐赠,那么那些意外死亡的人可能就会捐赠出器官,从而使得可用器官增加,因此[C]对。

55.[D]。主旨题。文章论述的主要是美国器官移植的现状,它所面临的器官短缺问题及可能的解决办法,因此最能概括全文主旨的标题应当是包含了这两个方面的[D]项。

Text 4

56.[C]。主旨题。通读全文可知,文章介绍的主要是纽约从一个小城市变成美国最大城市的过程,分沂了这一过程中地理位置、交通等方面所起的作用,因此最能概括这一主旨的标题是[C]。

57.[A]。细节题。文章第二段第一句即指出:we must consider certain facts about geography,history and economiCS而后文也正是从这三个方面来进行说明的,惟一未涉及的是文化方面的原因,因此选[A]。

58.[A]。细节题。[A]对应于第五段倒数第二、三句并与之相符;[B]与第四段第一句的意思不符;[C]与第五段第二句中的slow意思正好相反,由常识也可知它不对;[D]与第七段第一句的意思不符。

59.[C]。分析推理题。文章第六段第一、二句指出,(Erie)运河立即产生了作用,货运价格降低到了原来的l0%。由这两句之间的逻辑关系可推知是运河使得货运价格下降,因此选[C]。

60.[B]。细节题。答案信息对应于第九段第二句。[B]与这一句完全一致。

Part B

61.他建议说,教育应当从一般概念开始,然后再涉及细节,而且书本-知4XX有在能够被人的感觉把握之后,才能真正吸收。

本题考查的主要是从句的理解和准确翻译。在结构上,句子主干是He rec01TlInended,其后的部分是两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。这两个宾语从句都比较特殊,因为从句中都省略了助动词should。第一个宾语从句含有两个并列的谓语动词:start with…和move to,翻译时要注意表明其时间上的顺序。第二个宾语从句中又含有一个由unless引导的让步状语从句,这种情况一般要按中文习惯将从句翻译到主句之前。词汇方面,一是the general和the particular不好翻译,建议考生按照我们的习惯说法将其翻译成“一嘲和“特殊”(或者“个别”);二是a demonstration to the senses不太好理解,应当根据上下文来确定其含义。 sense在这里是指人实实在在的“感觉”,而非“意思”。

62.他向教师和其他一些诸如在政府和商业机构中负有教育义务的人指出,应当有序地教授所学内容。

本题考查的是从句和插入语这一特殊表达的理解和翻译。句子主干是He stated…that…,其中 that引导的是一个宾语从句。在这个从句之前有一个插入语such as…and commerce,这是一个难点,因为许多考生认为它修饰的是responsibilities而出现了误译。事实上,其中有those一词,且90vernment and commerce是两种机构,据此可知它修饰的应是前面所说的others,它和with educational responsibilities都是 others的后置定语。而宾语从句中的to be learned则是facts的后置定语。词汇方面,主要是根据中文习惯准确理解和翻译there should be an orderly presentation of the facts to be learned这个静态的there he句型。由于短文主旨是教育,因此完全可以将其意译成“有序地教授所学内容”。

63.他在作品中论述了个体差异以及需要根据所有学生调整教育方式,特殊教育领域内一些教育工作者和学校教育心理学家的工作正是基于这样一种思想。

本题考查的主要是词汇的翻译。在句子结构上,本题并不复杂,它由两个并列简单句构成:He wrote…and anticipated…,不含从句,翻译时直接按照原文顺序来即可。词汇方面,首先是wrote一词,在此应理解成“书面论述”或“在作品中论述”;其次,the need to adjust instruction for all students应当按照中文习惯翻译成一个动宾结构,而不宜翻译成偏正结构;再次,anticipate在文中出现了多次,属于影响考生理解的关键性词汇——它的本义指“领先”,但在本文中的基本意思是指某人倡导了某种思想并由后人加以秉承,故翻译时应仔细斟酌;最后,in the area…是一个介词限定结构,应根据中文习惯将其翻译成定语。

64.Vives是当代研究学习动机的理论家和研究测试的学者——前者提出,学习者应当避免在社会层面进行比较,而后者则认为建立在规范内容基础之上的测试往往弊大于利——的先驱。

本题考查的是both…and…这个表达、定语从句以及词汇的理解和翻译。在句子结构上,句子主干是Vives anticipated…,而both…and…引导的是两个并列宾语。两个宾语中都含有一个由who引导的定语从句。词汇方面,contemporary指的是“当代的,现代的”;motivational theorist指的是“动机理论家/者”,即研究学习动机的理论家;the harmful elements本义指的是“有害因素”,此处可根据其与后文中 advantages之间的对立关系将其译成“缺点”或者“不足”norm-referenced指的是“建立在规范基础上的”。65.因此,在我们宣称自己是研究教育心理的专家之前,早就有一些人睿智地思考过我们最终会称之为教育心理学的学科,铺下了用科学方法研究教育的道路。

本题主要考查从句、动词的非谓语形式以及词汇的理解和翻译。句子主于是there were individuals,其前的long before…是一个时间状语从句,而其后的两个-ing形式中,thinking…是individuals的分词后置定语,而preparin9…则是一个分词状语,表结果。在分词后置定语中,又含有一个由what引导的宾语从句。在词汇上,long before指“很早以前”,we claimed our professional identity的意思是我们认为自己很专业,丽prepare the way for指“为…铺下道路,为…打下基础”。

Section IVWriting

66.写作要点:

(i)本题属于结合提纲式和图画作文两种特点的写作题,因此考生在作文时,也应有意识地将这两种形式的写作方法结合起来,进行审题立意、结构构思和行文。

(ii)此类写作的关键在于领悟图画的深层含义,并将其与社会现实结合起来,进行言之有物的分析和评述。近年来,这一级别考试中的写作题一直偏爱反映社会问题的图画作文,因此考生应多积累相应的写作方法甚至写作模板。

(iii)对于反映社会问题的图画作文,考生一般应当结合现实和自己对该问题的认识,提出切实可行的解决办法。

参考范文:

In the picture,a man who fixes his eyes on the tiny sesame in his hand looks quite merry.Behind him is a big watermelon,which is thrown away on the ground by the man.The picture also tells US that the sesame represents the economic profits while the watermelon symbolizes the environmental protection.

What a thought-provoking picture it is!It’S true that nowadays many decision-makers tend to put the pursuit of economic profits above all and ignore the environmental protection,just like the mall in the picture.No doubt it is a short-sighted behavior.As we all know,a polluted environment will do US no good in the long run.For example,environmental pollution may cause serious problems,such as contaminated drinking water,food scarcity and loss of biodiversity.These problems require large sums of money to deal with.So it is useless to pursue economic profits at the cost of the environmental pollution.What’S more,if we continue to consume and destroy the limited natural resources just to develop our current economy,in the end we will suffer the disasters caused by ourselves.

Then what should we do?As far as I’m concerned,the economic benefits should be based on theenvironmental protection.Decision-makers should bear in mind that in no case can we destroy theenvironment,which is our home.We should live in harmony with the environment.We should try ourbest tO obtain maximum economic results at minimum costs by protecting the environment andmaintain the sustainable development of economy.

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