2011年公共英语五级考试(pets5)语法辅导:定语从句(2)

发布时间:2019-01-31 21:56:09

4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:

 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:

 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。

 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:

 He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。


5 介词 关系词

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词 关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如:

  This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

  This is the house where I lived two years ago.

  Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

  Do you remember the day when you joined our club?


6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:

As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。

典型例题 

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it  B. that  C. whichD. he

  答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that B. whichC. as  D. it

  答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:

(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。

as 的用法

例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如:

I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。

例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有’正如’。例如:

As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

  As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。

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