Section Ⅱ Use of English
(15 minutes)
Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Recent surveys show that Japanese youth have become a "Me Generation" that rejects traditional values.
"Around 1980 many Japanese, (31)______ young people abandoned the values of economic success and began (32)______ for new sets of values to(33) ______ them happiness, " writes sociologist Yasuhiro in Comparative Civilizations Review. Japanese youth are placing more importance on the individual’ s pursuit of
(34) ______ and less on the values of work, family, and society.
Japanese students seem to be losing patience with work, (35)______ their counterparts in the United States and Korea. In a 1993(36) ______ of college students in the three countries, only 10% of the Japanese regarded (37) ______ as a primary value compared with 47% of Korean students and 27% of American students. A greater
(38)_ of Japanese aged 18 -24 also preferred easy jobs(39)______heavy responsibility.
The younger Japanese are showing less concern for family values as they pursue an inner word of private satisfaction. Data collected(40)______ the Japanese government in i993 shows that only 23% of Japanese youth are thinking about supporting their aged parents, in contrast(41 )______63% of young Americans. It appears that many younger-generation Japanese are (42)______ both respect for their parents (43)______a sense of responsibility to the family. Author Yoshizaki attributes the change (44)______ Japanese parents’ over-indulgence of their children, material affluence, and growing (45) ______ for private matters.
The shift (46)______ individualism among Japanese is most pronounced among(47)______ very young. According to 1991 data (48) ______ the Bunka Center of Japan, 50% of Japanese youth aged 16 -19 can be labeled "self-centered" compared with 33% among (49)______ aged 25-29. To earn the self-centered label, the young people responded positively to (50) ______ ideas as "I would like to make decisions without considering traditional values" and "I don’ t want to do anything I can’ t enjoy doing. "
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
(50 minutes)
Part A：Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
Not long ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mail slot. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wash’ t sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mall. When your services are rendered at 4 a. m. , you can’ t simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct.
So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks.
With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a. m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite: I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadn’ t realized I was supposed to. This was the first time he’ d used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection racket ( 收取保护费的黑社会组织).
Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadn’ t enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. "I know you don’ t care how merry my Christmas is, and that’ s fine, " the gesture said. "I want $ 30, or I’ II ’ forget’ to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day. "
I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadn’ t yet been picked up: "Someone stole Mickey’ s tip!" Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check.
But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled. The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. "Are you Mickey?"
The man looked at him with scorn. "Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling. " Not only had Ed insulted this man by hinting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the track had been watching the whole transaction. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. "Anyone else?"
Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of etiquette (礼节) could have been avoided. Under "trash/recycling collectors" in the institute’ s Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says, " $10 to $ 30 each. " You may or may not wish to know that your pet groomer, hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip.
51. The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope because ______
A.he forgot to write a few words on it
B.he wanted the couple to send it back
C.he used it to ask for a Christmas tip
D.he was afraid of asking for a tip in person
52. From the passage, we learn that the author ______
A.didn’ t like Raoul’ s way of delivering the paper
B.didn’ t realize why Raoul delivered the paper that way
C.didn’ t know that Raoul came very early in the morning
D.didn’ t feel it necessary to meet Raoul when he came
53. According to the passage, the author felt ______ to give Raoul a holiday tip.
A.excited
B.delighted
C.embarrassed
D.forced
54. Which of the following is CORRECT about Mickey, the garbage collector?
A.He. wrote a letter to the couple afterwards.
B.He failed to collect the money from the bank.
C.He wanted the couple to send him a Christmas card.
D.He collected both the cheek and the garbage that day.
55. Ed’ s encounter with the recycling team shows that ______
A.Ed was desperate to correct his mistake.
B.Ed only wanted to give money to Raoul.
C.Ed was unwilling to tip the truck driver.
D.Ed no longer wanted to give them money.
Text 2
At 18, Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the "bubble-boy disease", named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent ), she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source, in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992, she is completely healthy with normal immune function, according to one of the doctors who treated her, W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more.
"There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease, " Anderson says, "within 50 years. "
It’ s not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson’ s early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend- $ 432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005, and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don’t cause human disease. "The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse, " says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. "The cargo is the gene. "
At the University of Pennsylvania’ s Abramson Cancer Center, immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University, researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson’ s disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children’ s brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children’ s Hospital of Philadelphia, researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments
have shown great promise.
But somehow, things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment, patients show a response at first, but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the set-back it suffered in 1999, when Jesse Gelsinger, an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder, died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will he tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer, researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a "marathon mouse" by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already, officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency arc preparing to test athletes for signs of "gene doping". But the principle is the same, whether you’ re trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. "Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea, " says Crystal. "And eventually it’ s going to work. "
56. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to______
A.show the promise of gene-therapy
B.give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases
C.introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team
D.explain how gene-based treatment works
57. Anderson’ s early success has ______
A.greatly speeded the development of medicine
B.brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy
C.promised a cure to every disease
D.made him a national hero
58. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.
B.Despite the huge funding, gene researches have shown few promises.
C.Therapeutic genes are carded by harmless viruses.
D.Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.
59. The word "tarnish" ( line 4, paragraph 4 ) most probably means ______
A.affect
B.warn
C.trouble
D.stain
60. From the text we can see that the author seems______
A.optimistic
B.pessimistic
C.troubled
D.uncertain
Text 3
Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year’ s is a whopper. Until last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U. S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they’ re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. "This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply, " says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Net-work for Immunization Information, "and the lack of redundancy in our system. "
Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year’ s flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers ( Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)--and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn’ t much the other can do about it. "A vaccine maker can’ t just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs, " says Marion Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. "There’ s a whole industry that’ s scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. "
Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year’ s fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce tiffs way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product ( Solvay Pharmaceuticals’ Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.
For Americans, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That’ s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign---encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.
61. Shortages of flue vaccine show that ______
A.America relies too much on foreign suppliers
B.the demand of flu vaccines is high this year
C.quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production
D.the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up
62. The word "cleared" ( Line 4, Paragraph 3) might mean ______
A.permitted
B. removed
C.proved
D.produced
63. Private companies have little interest in producing flu vaccines because of ______
A.complicated process, high cost, low profit and high risk
B.shortages of fertilized chicken eggs
C.difficulty in growing live virus
D.fast changing of flu virus
64. From the last paragraph we can infer that ______
A.the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictions
B.more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots can not get them this year
C.America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this year
D.normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year
65. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A.All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year.
B.The big problem in innovating flu vaccine producing technique is how to grow virus in a new way.
C.More flu vaccines can not be produced in a short time because private companies refuse to produce more.
D.Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures.
Part B：In the following article some paragraphs have been removed. For Questions 66 ~ 70, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A ~ F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The press is constantly reminding us that the dramatic increase in the age of our population over the next 30 or so years will cause national healthcare systems to collapse, economies to crumple under the strain of pension demands and disintegrating families to buckle under increasing care commitments. Yet research at Oxford is beginning to expose some of the widespread myths that underlie this rhetoric. Demographic ageing is undoubtedly a reality.
Life expectancy in developed countries has risen continuously over the past century, increasing the percentage of those over the age of 60 relative to those under the age of 15. By 2030 half the population of Western Europe will be over the age of 50, with a predicted average life expectancy of a further 40 years. By then, a quarter of the population will be over 65 and by 2050 the UK’ s current number of 10, 000 centenarians are predicted to have reached a quarter of a million. Some demographers have even suggested that half of all baby gifts born in the West today will live to see the next century.
66.__________________
Indeed, if this could be achieved throughout the world, it would surely count as the success of civilization, for then we would also have conquered the killers of poverty, disease, famine and war.
Decreasing mortality rates, increasing longevity and declining fertility mean smaller percentages of young people within populations. Over the past 20 years life expectancy at birth in the UK has risen by four years for men ( to 75 ) and three years for women ( to 80). Meanwhile fertility rates across Europe have declined more or less continuously over the past 40 years and remain well below the levels required for European populations to be able to replace them-selves without substantive immigration. But again, rather than seeing this as a doom and gloom scenario, we need to explore the positive aspects of these demographics. The next 50 years should provide us with an opportunity to enjoy the many advantages of a society with a mature population structure.
67.__________________
The first of these is the current political rhetoric which claims that health services across the Western world are collapsing under the strain of demographic ageing.
The second myth is the view that the ratio of workers to non-workers will become so acute that Western economies will collapse, compounded by a massive growth in pension debt. While there are undoubted concerns over current pension shortfalls, it is also clear that working lives will themselves change over the next few decades, with a predicted increase in flexible and part-time work and the probable extension of working life until the age of 70. In- deed, we have to recognize that we cannot expect to retire at the age of 50 and then be able to support ourselves for another 40 or so years. Neither a solid pension scheme nor savings can carry people that long.
A further myth is that we will all live in loose, multigenerational families, experiencing increased emotional distancing from our kin. Evidence from a variety of studies across the developed world suggests that, if anything, the modern family is actually becoming more close-knit. Work carried out by the Oxford Institute in Scandinavia and in a Pan-European Family Care Study, for example, shows that despite the influence of the welfare state, over the past 10 years, people have come to value family relationships more than previously.
70.__________________
In the developed world, therefore, we can see actual benefits from population ageing: a better balance between age groups, mature and less volatile societies, with an emphasis on age integration. The issues will be very different in other parts of the world.
Herein lies another myth: that the less developed world will escape from demographic ageing. Instead, the massive increase in the age of populations facing these countries-predicted to be up to one billion older people within 30 years--is potentially devastating. The problem is not only that demographic-ageing is occurring at a far greater pace than we have seen in Western nations, but also that few if any developing countries have the economic development and infrastructure necessary to provide widespread public pensions and healthcare to these growing elderly populations.
As a result, older people are among the poorest in every developing country. They have the lowest levels of in-come, education and literacy, they lack savings and assets, have only limited access to work, and even in times of crisis are usually the last to be cared for under emergency aid programmes. Perhaps of most concern is healthcare, for as we conquer acute diseases, we are going to see a rapid increase in levels of chronic illness and disability, but no long-term care programmes or facilities to tackle this.
51. The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope because ______
A.he forgot to write a few words on it
B.he wanted the couple to send it back
C.he used it to ask for a Christmas tip
D.he was afraid of asking for a tip in person
52. From the passage, we learn that the author ______
A.didn’ t like Raoul’ s way of delivering the paper
B.didn’ t realize why Raoul delivered the paper that way
C.didn’ t know that Raoul came very early in the morning
D.didn’ t feel it necessary to meet Raoul when he came
53. According to the passage, the author felt ______ to give Raoul a holiday tip.
A.excited
B.delighted
C.embarrassed
D.forced
54. Which of the following is CORRECT about Mickey, the garbage collector?
A.He. wrote a letter to the couple afterwards.
B.He failed to collect the money from the bank.
C.He wanted the couple to send him a Christmas card.
D.He collected both the cheek and the garbage that day.
55. Ed’ s encounter with the recycling team shows that ______
A.Ed was desperate to correct his mistake.
B.Ed only wanted to give money to Raoul.
C.Ed was unwilling to tip the truck driver.
D.Ed no longer wanted to give them money.
56. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to
A.show the promise of gene-therapy
B.give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases
C.introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team
D.explain how gene-based treatment works
57. Anderson’ s early success has ______
A.greatly speeded the development of medicine
B.brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy
C.promised a cure to every disease
D.made him a national hero
58. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.
B.Despite the huge funding, gene researches have shown few promises.
C.Therapeutic genes are carded by harmless viruses.
D.Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.
59. The word "tarnish" (line 4, paragraph 4) most probably means ______
A.affect
B.warn
C.trouble
D.stain
60. From the text we can see that the author seems
A.optimistic
B.pessimistic
C.troubled
D.uncertain
A. Since it is likely that a longer active working life will coincide with a predicted labor shortage resulting from a lack of younger workers, we need to provide the opportunities and training to encourage older men and women to remain economically productive. Our studies show that there are benefits from having an age-integrated workforce. It is another myth that older workers are less productive than younger ones. In fact, the combined energy of younger workers with the experience of older ones can lead to increased productivity--something from which young and old alike will benefit.
B. In 2001, in recognition of the significance of these demographic changes and the global challenges and opportunities that will accompany them, the Oxford Institute of Ageing was established at the University. It is made up of researchers in demography, sociology, economics, social anthropology, philosophy and psychology, with links to other specialists in medicine, biology, law and policy in research units across the University. This cross-disciplinary approach has made it possible to challenge some of the most pervasive myths about ageing societies.
C. As Institute healthcare ethicist Kenneth Howse points out, family obligations towards older relatives may change over the next 20 years, but current indications are that families are retaining a strong responsibility to care. Furthermore, as societies age, the contributory role of older people as grandparents becomes more important. Work by Institute researchers on another European Union study on multi-generational families has highlighted the role that grandparents play by fleeing up the responsibilities of the younger reproductive population.
D. It is clear that the changing demographic landscape poses challenges for the future. The necessity now is to develop appropriate economic, social and political structures to take advantage of the opportunities that mature societies will bring, while ensuring that there are appropriate safety nets for those left vulnerable within these populations--which will include both young and old alike.
E. Rather than fearing such a future, however, we should see this trend as a great success. It must undoubtedly be a major achievement of civilization that most individuals within a society can expect to enjoy a long and healthy lifespan.
F. George Leeson, a demographer at the Institute, points out that while a number of cross-national studies have considered the determinants of spiraling healthcare costs, only one has found the explanatory factor to be the proportion of the population aged 65 and over. Rather, it is growth in income, lifestyle characteristics and environmental factors such as technology and drugs that are driving up healthcare costs. In addition, the costs are shifting between population groups. The key here, he adds, is to develop sufficiently flexible health service structures to shift not only economic resources but also personnel.
Part C：Answer questions 71 -80 by referring to the following cities.
Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once.
A = Rotherhithe
B = Barnes
C = Willesden
D = King’ s Cross Which city...
used to have lot of problems such as drugs, street crime, etc. ?
71. _________
has the unpopular style of architecture?
72. _________
has the most expensive properties?
73. _________
offers big out-fashioned houses at lower price?
74. _________
is located in a quiet residential area?
75. _________
saw a big increase in price last year?
76. _________
will build a lot of new facilities?
77. _________
is estimated to be a good investment?
78. _________
encourages night-life culture for young people?.
79. _________
creates energetic multi-cultural atmosphere?
80. _________
A. Rotherhithe
Rotherhithe may be most famous for its congested tunnel but many young buyers are warming to its riverside charms.
It is still much cheaper than its waterside neighbors. The housing stock is predominately 1980s flats, many arranged in cul-de-sacs(死胡同)and closes around Surrey Quays Road.
The unpopular architecture has led to the area being called the Milton Keynes of London but properties are spacious and unfashionable style has kept prices down.
Paul Mitchell, of estate agents Alex Nell, says, "There is precious little period property, but you will get far more for your money here than a Victorian house with lots of original features down the road in Bermondsey. "
Surry Quays shopping center provides all the amenities of a high street but the area is lacking in fun. However, Southwark Council is in talks to develop the "night time economy" which could well lead to an increase in bars and restaurants to cater for the growing number of young professional residents.
"It is possible to get a good three-bedroom house in Rotherhithe for 280, 000, " says Sumine Jordaan-Rob-inson, of agents Burwood Marsh , "About eight minutes; walk from the Jubilee line which will have you in Bond street in 15 minutes. There are not that many areas in London where that is possible. "
B. Barues
Barnes sits just across the river from Hammersmith in southwest London, but it could not be more different from the noise and bustle of the opposite bank.
It has been called one of the last true London "villages" with happy residents keeping its old school charms quiet from nosey outsiders and potential developers.
Being by the river and predominately residential gives Barnes an attractively lazy vibe. It has a traditional village green complete with idyllic duck pond and quaint pub. The high street is about as far from the Pound Shop and Primark ambience of its neighbors as is possible.
But buying into Barnes is not cheap. "Family houses are snapped up incredibly quickly, " claims Chris Carney, sales negotiator at Boileaus estate agents. "It is very hard to get properties of this size, with outside space so close to London, which is why they are expensive. "
Large detached Victorian houses on the two main roads, Castlenau and Lonsdale, normally have between five and seven bedrooms, gardens of 120 ft and off street parking. These sell for anything between ￡ 2 million and ￡ 5 million.
By the village green there are rows of immaculate terraced house on a number of streets that run off Church and Station roads, and four bedroom houses of this kind sell for around ￡,1 million.
C.Willesden Green
Willesden Green has both suffered and benefited from its famous neighbors. Despite its growing popularity, the area remains interesting and multicultural, injecting a little bit of soul into what could otherwise become just another yuppie backwater.
"Willesden Green has a diverse range of properties from 1930s semi-detached houses to large Victorian properties and new-builds which attract all kinds of buyers, " says Richard Chiti, sales manager at estate agents Ellis and Co.
"The roads bordering West Hampstead are popular, as they are wide, tree lined streets with sizeable family houses. Properties in and around Dobree Road, which lead-down to Kensal Rise, are also in high demand. "
Estate agents and residents agree that the area used to be regarded as dangerous and undesirable, but this has changed over the last decade. It’ s popular because it is still affordable, although prices have rocketed over the last year.
D.King’ s Cross
King ’ s Cross used to be renowned for problems including drugs, prostitution and street crime but a ~ 2 billion regeneration programme should help the area lose its seedy reputation.
The project includes a new Eurostar terminal opening this year and a spruced-up tube station, alongside hundreds of new homes, offices and leisure facilities set to be completed in 2015. Such development has had a predictable effect on house prices.
"There are a lot more amenities now, such as supermarkets, cafes and bars and the issue people used to have with safety a few years ago has disappeared. " By the canal basin, new build flats and luxury ware house conversions form the bulk of property, and at the top end of the market there are stunning penthouses available with views across London.
Much of the new development is centered on the back of the station, off York way, and flats are being sold to eager buyers off plan.
The older properties are mainly mid-Victorian terraces around Caledonian Road and the streets heading towards Angel, and ex-local authority blocks where it is possible to pick up a two-bedroom refurbished flat for under ￡ 250,000.
Smith adds, "Investment-wise, King’ s Cross is a good bet. There is a big rental market here and prices will go up. There are still cheaper properties available, one to two bedroom flats in Victorian conversions, or ex-council properties. But people ar holding on to them for dear life in the hope they will go up in value. If you find one, it is worth investing in. "
Section IV Writing
(40 minutes)
For many university students there are two alternatives: one is to find a job, the other is to pursue further study. Both have advantages and disadvantages, and it is difficult to say which is better. Which choice is more suitable for you?
You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.
THE END OF THE TEST
Section Ⅱ Use of English(每小题1分.共计20分，权重10%)
参考译文
最新调查揭示El本的青年人已经变成拒绝传统价值观的“唯我”一代。
“1980年前后，许多日本人，特别是年轻人，摒弃了经济上成功的价值基准。开始寻找能给他们带来幸福快乐的新的价值准则，”社会学家吉崎康宏在《文明比较评论》一书中这样写道。日本青年更加重视对个人幸福的追求，而对工作、家庭和社会价值观较少重视。
跟美国和韩国的学生不一样，日本学生好像正在对工作失去耐心。1990年在这三个国家的对大学生进行的调查显示，只有10%的日本学生认为工作是主要的价值，韩国和美国则分别有47%和27%的学生这么认为。与繁重的责任相比，更多的18—24岁的日本青年更倾向于轻松地工作。
年轻的日本人因为追求内心的自我满足，所以他们不太关心家庭价值。日本政府1993年收集的资料显示，美国有63%青年考虑过赡养年迈的父母，而日本只有23%。日本年轻一代好像不仅失去了对父辈的尊重，还丧失了家庭责任意识。作家Yoshizaki将这些归因于日本父母对孩子们的溺爱、物质的影响和不断增长的对自我的关注。
这种自我主义的转变在更年轻的日本人中更加明显。1991年日本Bunka中心的资料显示，50%的16-19岁的日本人可以被称作为“自我中心”，而25—29岁的日本人中有33%是这样。为了得到自我中心这个标志。这些年轻人积极响应诸如这样的想法：“我们喜欢在做决定时不受传统价值观的影响”，“我们不想做自己不喜欢的事情。”
答案及解析
31.especially 【解析】“Around 1980 many Japanese，________young people…”，“1980年左右许多日本人，尤其是年轻人…”，所以此处应填“especially”。
32.looking 【解析】与介词for的固定搭配，意为“寻求…”，这里指的是寻求新的价值观。所以此处应填“looking”。
33.bring 【解析】根据上下文，此处意思为给他们带来快乐。带来用动词“bring”。所以此处应填“bring”。
34.happiness 【解析】根据上下文，日本年轻人更看重追求个人的幸福。 所以此处应填“happiness”。
35.unlike 【解析】根据下文，以日本学生与美国和韩国的作对比，日本的学生不像韩国和美国的学生一样。所以此处应填“unlike”。
36.survey 【解析】根据后面的数据，空缺处指的是1993年的一项调查问卷，所以此处应填“survey”。
37.work 【解析】根据上文，对比的是对工作的态度，所以此处应填“work”。
38.proportion 【解析】此处意为很大比例的学生仍然喜欢简单的工作，所以此处应填“proportion”。
39.without 【解析】此处意为年轻人更喜欢没有重大责任的简单工作。所以此处应填“without”。
40.by 【解析】由日本政府收集的数据。考查被动语态的用法，“由…”用介词“by”。所以此处应填“by”。
41.to 【解析】“in contrast to”为固定搭配，意为“与…相对比”。所以此处应填“to”。
42.losing 【解析】根据上下文的意思，很多年轻一代的日本人已经不再尊重父母，不再对家庭有责任感，所以这里用losing表示“渐渐失去了”。所以此处应填“losing”。
43.and 【解析】“both…and…”为固定搭配，“两者都”。所以此处应填“and”。
44.to 【解析】“attribute to”意为“把某事归因于”，为固定搭配，所以此处应填“to”。
45.concern 【解析】“concern for”表示“对…关心”。所以此处应填 “concern” 。
46.to 【解析】“shift”意为“转变”，“从…到…的转变”应该用介词“to”。所以此处应填“to”。
47.the 【解析】此处缺冠词，在年轻人之间，用the表示特指。所以此处应填“the”。
48.from 【解析】“来自…的数据”，要用介词“from”。所以此处应填“from”。
49.those 【解析】文章中提到“16-19岁之间的日本青年跟25-29岁之间的青年对比”，这里缺少代词，替代“Japanese youth”。 所以此处应填“those”
50.such 【解析】“such…as”用来举例子。所以此处应填“such”。
Section m Reading Comprehension(共计35分。权重35%)
Part A(每小题1分。共计15分)
Text 1
短文赏析
本文讲的是卡片战术的故事。不久以前，一封神秘的圣诞卡片投递到了主人公邮箱里。但是信封上的收信人不是和他们居住在一起的人!这张空卡片是送报人的，他想要假期小费。他们被暗示：要填好卡片投递。所以女主人拿出支票单。无论在哪，因服务一年而给的假期小费已经发展成为了黑社会的保护勒索。几天之后，女主人拿回垃圾筒时又收到了一封小费请求信，这次是他们家的垃圾回收员，他们没有办法，只好再次奉上，这次还闹出了小小的误会，让男主人很无奈。面对这样的窘境。夫妇俩去有关机构寻求帮助，其实假期小费早就已经是大家都遵行的“潜规则”了。
答案及解析
51.C【解析】由第一段可知，这张卡片是送报人的，我们被暗示：要填好卡片投递，当你的服务在凌晨四点就被奉上时，你不能若无其事，你必须要直接点，他想要的是假期小费。因此正确答案为C。
52.A【解析】第二段中女主人写了一封漂亮的假期贺词给这个她从来没看到或遇到过的人。这个人在她的想象里就是像射击一样把《纽约时报》发射到她家门前，制造的噪声要大于人们从黑市购得的鞭炮的声响。所以她确实不喜欢拉乌尔投递报纸的这种方式。因此正确答案为A。
53.D【解析】在第三段中女主人公意识到也许在四点的粗鲁服务的原因是经过精心策划的而不是习惯，假期小费从随意的一句谢谢发展成为黑社会的保护勒索，所以作者是被迫给假期小费的。因此正确答案为D。
54.B【解析】从第五段中描述到，看到装着支票的信封没有了，但是垃圾还在，所以作者的丈夫怀疑信封是被别人偷走了，立马就通知银行作废了这张支票。所以Mickey最终还是没有从银行中取走钱。因此正确答案为B。
55.A【解析】第六段中男主人看到清理垃圾的车，误以为是Mickey来了，正要出去澄清误会，把上次的小费补上，却遭到了回收员的蔑视，所以他感到澄清误会的机会是很渺茫了，对于假期小费的事情他已经绝望了。因此正确答案为A。
Text 2
短文赏析
本篇文章是说明文，主要说明基因疗法的前景、现状、遭遇的问题以及人们对待基因疗法的态度。文章第一段以上世纪90年代一次成功的基因治疗为例说明基因疗法的广阔前景。第二段介绍了基因疗法的现状和治疗机制。第三段介绍了目前用基因疗法治疗多种疾病的研究情况。第四段介绍了基因疗法遭遇的问题以及人们对基因疗法的态度。
答案及解析
56.A【解析】文章第一句话对用基因疗法治疗Ashanthi所患罕见疾病的成功给予了很高的评价，并在第一段末指出医生们对基因疗法寄予了极高的期望。因此正确答案为A。
57.B【解析】文章第二段一开头就说：…It’s not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson’s early success.”从时间上来看。Anderson采用基因疗法的成功尝试已经是1990年的事情了，两相对照，可见他的成功没有让医学加速发展。因此正确答案为8。
58.C【解析】文章第二段对于基因治疗的方式的解释是用于治疗的基因通过“viruses that don’t cause human disease”进入体内，就好像“特洛伊木马”一样，由此可见，这些病毒是无害的。因此正确答案为C。
59.D【解析】第四段提到基因疗法遭受的一起挫折——个病人因接受基因疗法而死亡;接着讲专家担心运动员利用基因在比赛中作弊会进一步tarnish这一领域，从上下文逻辑推理，应该是“有损，玷污”这一类的意思，因此正确答案为D。
60.A【解析】作者的态度从文章第一句话和最后一句话就可以明显判断出来。第一句话说基因疗法是20世纪的伟大成就之一，最后一句话说“Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea”，由此可见作者对基因疗法持积极乐观的态度。因此正确答案为A。
Text 3
短文赏析
本篇文章探讨了美国流感疫苗短缺事件，经济成因以及当前与未来的解决办法。第一段，作者介绍了美国流感疫苗短缺问题以及其直接原因。由于质量控制等问题，英国当局禁止向美国运输疫苗，从而导致疫苗严重短缺。使疫苗供应量减少了近一半。于是联邦卫生部门的官员敦促2至64岁的健康公民不要注射疫苗;第二段中，作者剖析了其背后的经济原因;在第三段里，作者介绍了解决短缺问题的办法之一：革新疫苗生产技术，将其从受精卵中转移到细胞培养。第四段中，作者探讨了美国的当务之急：如何利用好有限的疫苗。出路就是号召公民发扬风格，将注射疫苗的机会让给敏感群体，让那些真正需要的人能够接种疫苗。
答案及解析
61.D【解析】第一段最后一句话指出了疫苗短缺所暴露出来的问题。“This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply，”says Dr.Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information.“and the lack of redundancy in Our.system.”“这再次凸显出我们疫苗供应的脆弱性，”全国免疫信息网的马丁•迈尔斯医生说，“此外，我们也没有必要的补救机制。”因此正确答案为D。
62.A 【解析】在第三段最后一句“…0ne culture-based product has been cleared for marketing in Europe.”里出现了“cleared”一词。根据下文中“marketing”和读者有关药品上市前应该得到批准的常识，可以判断出，该词在本句中的意思是“得到官方的批准”。因此正确答案为A。
63.A 【解析】第二段第二旬“Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it.”意思是说“私企生产流感疫苗的积极性不高”。接下来作者介绍了制作疫苗的复杂工序，由此可以推断出流感疫苗生产工艺复杂、成本高。第二段又明确指出了私企不愿意生产流感疫苗的其他原因：利润率低、需求不稳定，此外由于流感病毒每年都不同，因此生产数量不能过大，由此也可推断出生产的风险性大，如果生产多了就会损失很大。因此正确答案为A。
64.B【解析】由第四段第二句“The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week.”中可以知道大约有九千五百万人有资格注射疫苗。根据第四段第三句：“That’s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand，but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year.”和前一句可以推断出美国现有大约四千七百万份流感疫苗库存，由此可推断出美国至少还有四千七百多万有资格注射疫苗的人无法得到注射。因此正确答案为B。
65.B 【解析】由第一段的“Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated，they’re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and64 not to.”可以判断出美国之呼吁2至64岁的健康人不接种流感疫苗，而不是所有的美国人，因此答案A是错误的。从第二段最后一句话可以看出疫苗生产厂家无法临时增加疫苗生产不是由于他们不愿意，而是由于受精鸡蛋的生产已经预先计划好，无法提供更多的受精鸡蛋，由此可见答案C是错误的。从第三段第三行“Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way”可以判断出答案D是错误的，因为流感疫苗比别的疫苗更难用细菌培育的方式生产。而由第三段第2-3行“The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures-a medium already used to make most other vaccines.”以及上一句可见，改造疫苗生产工艺的关键在于革新病毒培育技术。因此正确答案为B。
Part B(每小题2分，共计10分)
短文赏析
媒体一再告诉我们未来三十年人口老龄化的急剧增长将会造成国家医疗保障系统崩溃，经济在养老金供需紧张的压力下瘫痪，在逐渐增长的照顾义务下家庭分崩离 析。然而，牛津大学的工作人员开始对这一言论进行研究.揭露隐藏在这一言论背后的真相。人口老龄化无疑是一个现实，到2030年，一半西欧人口将超过50 岁，预测平均预期寿命将增长40岁。一些人口学家甚至认为，在今天，西方国家出生的女婴一半会活到下个世纪。面对这些问题，作者认为我们应该视这种趋势为 一种成功的象征，这是文明的成果。那时我们就征服了贫穷、疾病、饥荒和战争这些杀手。死亡率的下降和出生率的下降意味着年轻人的比重会越来越轻。作者认为 我们应该对这一现象采取积极的态度。牛津大学老龄化问题研究中心的成立，标志着这一问题的重要性。中心成员对一些神秘言论一一进行解答。有些人认为医疗系 统将会瘫痪，有些人认为有工作的人员和无工作的人员的比例问题将会使西方国家经济崩溃，还有些人认为老年人的生产力不及年轻人的生产力高，还有人认为我们 将会居住得离自己的亲人越来越远。研究中心人员都对这些言论提出了论证。
答案及解析
66.E【解析】第一段引出了人们对未来的担心，认为老龄化将会带来各种问题。第三段是对老龄化社会的肯定。认为这是文明发展的成果。“myth”一词含有杜撰的意思。一些人的担心是多余的。E起到承上启下的作用。
67.B【解析】该空缺下面的段落都是对每一个“myth”的揭示。谁来揭示呢?B项中提到牛津大学老龄化研究中心成立各个问题研究组。
68.F【解析】第一个“myth”认为随着人口老龄化的增长，西方国家的医疗体系会瘫痪。研究中的一位人口统计学家指出问题的关键是要建成灵活自由的医疗服务结构。
69.A【解析】第二个“myth”是担心人口老龄化会使工作人员越来越少。研究中心人员提出应该给年长的人提供各种培训机会。A中“Our studies show that there are benefits from having all age—inte-grated workforce.”说“研究表明不同年龄段的劳动力的融合也会有许多好处”。
70.C【解析】上一段中提到的“myth”是有关家庭关系的问题，担心家庭关系会因为老龄化问题而使亲人之间疏远。C中研究中心的伦理学家对这一问题进行了佐证。年长者对家庭需要贡献的角色越来越重要，所以这些担心都是没必要的，可以找到解决措施的。
Part C(每小题1分。共计10分)
短文解析
A
Rotherhithe是伦敦东南部的城市，可能因为其拥挤的隧道而闻名，但是还有许多年轻的购物者被其河畔的魅力所吸引。相对于其他靠水的城市来说，房 子相对便宜些。住宅以20世纪80年代的建筑风格为主。许多街道都是死胡同。但是房产面积都比较宽敞，不流行的建筑风格使其房价比较便宜。在这里买房子你 会觉得物有所值。
B
Barnes位于英国伦敦西南部。这里恬静舒适，由内河和以住宅为主成为Barnes久负盛传的原因。它有一个传统的乡村绿色田园诗般的鸭池。古雅的酒 吧。但进入Barnes买房就不是那么容易的事情了。Castlenau和Lonsdale两条主道上的大型独立的维多利亚式的房屋，通常有5至7间卧 室，l20方叹的花园，以及靠街边停车场。这些房屋售价在￡200万和￡500万之间。在这里购房可需要一笔不小的数目。
C
Willesden Green是一座文化多样性的城市，建筑物有20世纪30年代半独立维多利亚洋房和新建立的各式各样的住房，吸引了各种买家。在过去。这里被认为是没人想去的地方。
但是这一切在过去的几年里发生了变化，地产代理商说：“这里是受欢迎的，因为它的房价人们仍负担得起的，虽然在过去的一年里房价飞涨。”
D
King’s Cross过去是毒品、卖淫和街头犯罪猖獗的地方。但是￡20.0亿的复兴方案应该有助于该地区摆脱肮脏的名声。该项目包括在今年启用一个新的欧洲之星码 头，建地铁站，数以百计的新住宅，办公室和休闲设施，这些将在2015年完成。由这种发展趋势，我们可以对其房价进行预测。在这里投资，你将会发现是物有 所值的。
答案及解析
71.D【解析】由D中“King’s Cross used to be renowned for problems in—chiding drugs，prostitution and street crime”，意为“King’s Cross过去因吸毒，卖淫和街头犯罪等问题而著称”我们可以看出。所以此处答案为D。
72.A【解析】由A中第三段中“The unpopular architecture has led to the area being called the Milton Keynes of London”，A中多处提到Rotherhithe的建筑风格很老套。所以此处答案为A。
73.B 【解析】由B中“These sell for anything between￡2 million and￡5million.”，每套住房销售价格在200万英镑到500万英镑之间不等，极其昂贵。所以此处答案为B。
74.A 【解析】由A中“The unpopular architecture has led to the area being called the Milton Keynes of London but properties are spacious and unfashionable style has kept prices down”可以看出房屋样式古板，但是价位令人比较容易接受。所以此处答案为A。
75.B 【解析】由B中“Barnes sits just across the river from Hammersmith in southwest London，but it could not be more different from the noise and bustle of the opposite bank.”可以看出Barnes与其对岸喧嚣吵闹的城市完全不同。所以此处答案为B。
76.C【解析】由c中“It’s popular because it is still affordable，al—though prices have rocketed over the last year.”可以看出Willesden Green去年飞速增长，但是房价还能接受。所以此处答案为C。
77.D【解析】由D中“The project includes a new Eurostar terminal opening this year and a spruced, up Tube station，alongside hundreds of new homes，offices and leisure facilities set to be completed in2015.”可以看出将在King’s Cross投资建立许多基础设施。所以此处答案为D。
78.D【解析】由D中Smith adds，“Investment—wise，King’s Cross is a good bet.There is a big rental market here and paces will go up.There are still cheaper properties available，one to two bedroom flats in Victorian conversions，or ex-council properties.But people are holding on to them for dear life in the hope they will go up in value.If you find one，it is worth investing in.”可以看出在King’s Cross投资将会物有所值。所以此处答案为D。
79.A【解析】由A中将打算建“night time economy”可以看出。所以此处答案为A。
80.C【解析】由C中“Despite its growing popularity，the area remains interesting and multicultural.”可以看出Willesden Green是一个文化多样性的城市。所以此处答案为c。
Section IV Writing(计25分。权重25%)
One possible version:
Career or Degree? Every Graduate’ s Decision
After staying on campus for many years, some students become bored and can’ t wait to get a job. They are eager to lead a life that is less stressful intellectually and less pressing economically. In their eyes, a job can provide them with opportunities to solve problems that will demand a combination of both academic knowledge and practical experience.
However, some students plan to continue their education in pursuing further degree. As far as academic preparation, is concerned, the knowledge and skills acquired at an undergraduate level are far from adequate in the job market. It is a fact that an ever-increasing number of graduates are returning to school, motivated by the need to update their knowledge and enhance their skills. The news that graduates with higher degrees are better off is a direct result of the shrinking job market.
All this indicates that a bachelor’ s degree can hardly qualify students for a competitive position. If I were able to choose for myself, I would prefer to stay and pursue an M. A. degree. I know my choice would mean a commitment of time and money. Opportunities, however, always coexist with hardships and risks. The days might be rigorous and painstaking, but they would certainly be fulfilling and rewarding, and would surely lead to a prosperous future.
