I. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:( 5 % )

( ) 1. title ( ) 2..remittance 　( ) 3. broker ( )4. subrogate 　( ) 5. maturity

A. the agent for the stock dealer to sell and buy the stocks

B. the shortage of amounts or values of certain goods

C. the sending of money or the money sent

D. becoming due

E. after presentation of draft

F. right to the possession of a position or property

G. to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person

(i) From English into Chinese

6. farm produce

7. partial shipment

8. net position

9. equity investment

10. clean bill of lading

(ii) From Chinese into English

11.无形贸易

12.电子数据交换

13.保证金

14.国际经济环境

15.统一关税制度

　　III. Make brief explanations of the following terms and give the full name of the following abbreviation in English: ( 20 %)

16. compound duty

17. customs clearance

18. insurance

19. stand by arrangements

20. escape clause

　　IV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list(You can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the square) :( 10 % )

domestic，through，division，top，how，delegate，

supervision，channeled，between，unifies，parent，with

Successful MNCs eventually must learn (21) to inter-relate their subsidiaries with the ( 22 ) company, how to ( 23 ) decision-making, authority ,and how to develop satisfactory methods of control and (24) . The most traditional organizational structure is the international (25) structure ,in which communication with the parent .company is (26) through an international division. In the global structure there is no international division for overseas activities; instead, the entire (27) management becomes involved in international as well as (28) matters. The global approach (29) domestic and international divisions into one global division. It therefore eliminates the danger of competition (30) an international division and a domestic one.

V. Translate the following into English:(25 %)

31.为避免不必要的修改，有必要使有关信用证与合同中的规定严格相符。

32.劳务输出输入可以是由个人，或是由公司或是国家组织完成。它正在成为一种重要的无形贸易形式。

33.合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。

34.如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因，保险公司将不予赔偿。

35.世界银行的贷款一般有5年的宽限期，l5至20年偿清。

　　VI. Translate the following into Chinese:( 15 % )

36. The documentation, for air freight is far simpler than that for ocean freight. If exporting by air freight, the exporter normally begins by completing an air-consignment note ,or letter of instruction, to the airline. This note gives basic details of the cargo ,the customer’ s name and "address and the services the exporter requires, such as cash on delivery or special insurance arrangements. The air waybill is an internationally standardized, document, printed in English and in the language of the air carrier. Unlike the bill of lading, the air waybill does not give title to the goods.

　　VII. Answer the following questions in English:(15%)

37. Summarize briefly the factors that have caused the changes in the transportation industry.

38. Explain briefly why international trade happens between nations?

参考答案

I.1.F 2.C 3.A 4.G 5.D

Ⅱ.(i)6.农产品7.分批装运8.头寸9.股权投资 10.清洁提单

(ii) 11. invisible trade 12. EDI 13. margin 14. international economic environment 15. uniform tariff system

III. 16. A type of tariff levied according both the amounts and the prices of the commodities.

17. As to customs clearance ,for ordinary imported goods, the customs will sign on the shipping documents to release the goods. But for some particular duty-free goods or bonded goods ,the customs still have control over it after the consignee acknowledged the receipt of shipment.

18. Insurance is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provide for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk. Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism. Those who transfer risk are called insureds. Those who assume risk are called insurers.

19. That’s the standby credit arrangement given by IMF to its member countries.

20. it’s a clause of contemporary canceling Of the preferential tariff when some domestic industries are damaged be-cause in bilateral and multilateral negotiations, and agreements there are excessive importing commodities that enjoy the deduction of tariff and other trade allowance for the contracting parties.

IV.21. how 22. parent 23. delegate 24. supervision 25. division 26. channeled 27. top 28. domestic 29. unifies 30. between

V.31. It is necessary that the relevant credit should be established in strict accordance with the stipulations of our contract in order to avoid unnecessary amendments.

32. Import and export of labour service may be undertaken by individuals, or organized by companies or even by states. And this is becoming an. important kind of invisible trade for some country.

33. A contract is enforceable by law, and the party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be used and forced to make compensation..34. The insurance company will not entertain the claim if the risk covered is not the proximate cause of the loss.35. IBRD loans generally have a grace period of five years and are repayable over fifteen to twenty years.

Ⅵ.36.空运单据比海运单据要简单得多。如果是空运出口，出口商通常在开始时要为航空公司填写“空运委托书”或者“指示信函"。这些单据说明货物的基本情况，客户的姓名和地址以及需要的服务，如货到付款或特殊的保险安排等。空运提单是一种国际标准格式的单证，用英文或承运人的本国语言印制而成。与提单不同的是，空运运单并不是货物所有权的凭证。

VII.37. There are four factors that are substantially changing the transportation industry. Deregulation has removed the shackles of control ,both shippers and carriers are now free to innovate as much ’as their imagination allows. Second,just-in-time inventory systems are based on a production approach in which the firm maintains very small quantities of production inputs. Third, competition often-shifts to price considerations. Another alternative is to compete on the level of customer service that is provided to each customer. The final factor that has had a positive impact on the transportation function is the globalization of business.

38. (1)In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient. The distribution of natural re-sources is uneven thus ,international specialization is necessary.

(2) Second, trade may occur out of economies of scale, that is, the cost advantages of large-scale production.

(3) Third, trade takes place because of innovation or style.

(4) Patterns of demand is different among different nations.