I. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:( 5 %)
( ) 1. reciprocal ( ) 2. standards of living( ) 3. momentum ( ) 4. common counter ( ) 5. amendment
A. privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination
B. force or speed of movement or development
C. changes made to something
D. trade in services
E. given or felt by each toward the other
F. a plan or scheme offered or suggested
G. quality of living
II.Translate the following words and expressions: ( 10 % )
(i) From English into Chinese
6. confirmed letter of credit
7. counter offer
8. competitive devaluation
9. annual sales
10. financial market
(ii) From Chinese into English
11.初级产品
12.从价税
13.承兑交单
14.保险单
15.所得税
III. Make brief explanations of the following terms and give the full name of the following abbreviation in English:( 20 % )
16. opening bank
17. freight transportation
18. claims
19. balance of payments
20. transfer of technology
IV, Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the fist(You can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the square) : ( 10 % )
|
limited，origin，competitive，duties，required，exported， brand，opposite，international，contract，importing |
It is only natural for exports to be clearly marked with country of origin, such as "Made in the People’s Republic of China" or "Made in Japan". But things are just the(21) when neutral packing(中性包装) is required. Neutral packing is frequently used in (22) trade to promote export sales. If neutral packing is agreed upon in the sales (23) , then there can be no (24) at all either on the outer packing or inner packing that indicate country of (25) , the manufacturer or the name of the commodity itself. As a matter of fact, even trade mark or (26) is not to be found. However, there is another form of neutral packing By which the exporter may use a specified brand or trade mark as required by the importor for the goods (27) . It should be noted that this practice is normally(28) only to steady importers who buy things on large scales. The whole idea of neutral packing is that this form of packing makes it possible for exporters to get a-round high customs (29) of the importing countries. Hence, they will be able to entrench their position to market profitably on the
(30) international market.
V. Translate the following into English: ( 25 % )
31.比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自己的行动发展某种特定的比较利益。
32.还盘是对发盘的拒绝，一旦作出还盘，原报盘即失效而失去约束力。
33.正常的保险合同付出的赔偿只是将被保人的利益恢复到受害前的状态——但不好于这种状态。
34.政府满足公共部门借贷需求的方法之一就是出售金边证券。
35.1995年1月关贸总协定结束运作，世界贸易组织开始行使职能。
VI. Translate the following into Chinese:( 15 % )
36. There are two types of letter of credits, revocable and irrevocable. You as an export seller should always insist on irrevocable L/C because that means that once the letter of credit is issued to you the payment cannot be cancelled or the terms be changed without your approval. Therefore the key phrase to remember is that you will want "an irrevocable ,confirmed letter of credit". Confirmed means that a bank acceptable to you, either overseas or in your home country, has confirmed that the money has been obtained and is ready for payment to you once satisfactory proof of shipping has been made. You will also probably want to be paid in convertible (可兑换的)currency and this would be specified in the letter of credit。
VII. Answer the following questions in English: (15%)
37. Explain briefly the terms FOB, CFR and CIF.
38. What are the 4 factors that are substantially changing the transportation in dustry?
参考答案
1.1.E 2.G 3.B 4.A 5.C ，
Ⅱ.(i)6.保兑信用证7.还盘8.竞争性贬值9.年销售量 10.金融市场
(ii) 11. primary commodities 12. ad valorem duty 13. documents against acceptance 14. insurance policy 15. income tax
III.16. The bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank.
17. Freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effect of such movement as the development and advancement of business.
18. Claims are activities for the insured to get compensation from the insurer according to the insurance "policy for the insured, also damaged subject.
19. It is a statement of the total payments to and the total receipts from foreign countries.
20. It means the activity that technology suppliers transfer the technologies of production, management and marketing to the receivers in any proper way. The pure export of goods is not within this range.
IV.21. opposite 22. international 23. contract 24. labels 25. origin
26, brand 27. exported 28. limited 29. duties 30. competitive.
V.31. Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A. country may develop a particular comparative advantage through its own action.
32. A counter-offer is a refusal of the offer which will be invalid and unbinding once a counter-offer is made.
33. In a normal policy of insurance the compensation payable is sufficient only to restore the insured to the position he as in before the loss occurred-not to a better position.
34. One of the ways the government meets the public Sector Borrowing .Requirement is by selling gilt-edged stocks.
35. On January 1995, GATT stopped its operation and WTO began its administrative work.
Ⅵ.36.信用证有两种类型，可撤销的和不可撤销的。作为出口销售人，应该坚持要求不可撤销的信用证，因为它表明信用证一经开立即不能取消付款或未经你方许可而改变信用证的条款。所以应该记住的关键术语是你需要“不可撤销的，已经确认的信用证"。“已经确认"表明你所接受的国外或者国内的银行，已经确认收到货款并且一经出示已装运的确切证明即可付款。如果信用证已经列明的话，还可以用可兑换的货币付款。
VII.37. FOB is the price term for delivery on board the ship in the named port of shipment. The seller has to transport the contracted goods to be on board the ship rented by the buyer, in a stated date or within a certain period. The seller will be responsible for the risks of the goods before they .are loaded across the ship line. And after that the buyer will be responsible for it, and insure the goods for transportation. CFR: cost and freight. The responsibilities for the risks of the buyer and the seller are the same as those in FOB. But the seller is responsible for renting a carrying vessel and bear the carriage. CIF: cost, insurance and freight. The responsibilities for the risks of the sellers are the same as those in CFR. But the seller is still responsible for insuring the shipped goods for ocean transportation and bear all the insurance costs.
38. ( 1 )Transportation Deregulation. that is to say, both the shippers and carriers are free to negotiate the best rate and service packages to meet the needs of both parties.
(2) Just-in-time. Inventory Systems, They are based on a production approach in which the firm maintains very small quantities of production inputs.
(3) Competition Based on High Levels of Customer Service. This service involves ensuring that the product will arrive when wanted ,in the right quantities ,and in an undamaged condition.
(4) Globalization of Business. More and more companies purchase their production inputs anywhere in the world where the best quality for the price can be found.
