It was a war the queen and her more prudent counselors wished to if they could and were determined in any event to as long as possible.

(A) Provoke

(B) Instigate

(C) Avoid

(D) Conceal

(E) Promote

(F) Postpone

Answer: C F

Queen and her more prudent counselors表明是保守派，if they could与as long as possible表递进，第空>第空。

Provoke激怒、促使、激起，instigate发起、煽动，avoid避免，conceal隐藏、隐瞒，promote提升，postpone推迟。

翻译：对于这场战争女皇和她的更加谨慎的顾问都希望在力所能及的范围内避免掉，并且决定在任何情形下都尽可能拖延。

Since the author frequently other scholars, his objection to disputes is not only irrelevant but also .

(A) Supports

(B) Quotes

(C) Attacks

(D) Frightening

(E) Surprising

(F) Peevish

Answer: C E

Objection to dispute译为对争论进行反对、不喜欢争论，irrelevant否定词，说明喜欢争论，所以第空与“喜欢争论”同义。因为他的性格是“attack other scholars”，但他的“objection to disputes”是与他性格相矛盾的，是令人惊讶的。

Support支持，quote引用，attack攻击，frightening令人恐惧的，surprising令人惊讶的，peevish易怒的。

翻译：因为这个作者很频繁地攻击其他学者，所以他对争论的反对不仅是不符合他的性格的，而且是令人吃惊的。

It is strange how words shape our thoughts and trap us at the bottom of deeply canyons of thinking, their imprisoning sides carved out by the of past usage.

(A) Rooted

(B) Incised

(C) Ridged

(D) Mountains

(E) River

(F) Ocean

Answer: B E

Canyons of thinking与their imprisoning sides同义，第空与carved out同义。At the bottom of体现了words的性质，如同river一样。

Trap陷阱、阻碍。Imprison监禁。Carve out雕刻出、创业发财、开创。Canyon峡谷。

Root根，incise雕刻，ridge脊，mountain山，river河流，ocean海洋。

翻译：非常奇怪的是语言如何塑造了我们的思想，并且将我们围捕在深不可测的被雕刻而成的思维峡谷的底部，这种思维峡谷禁锢的两壁是被语言的过往使用的河流雕刻而成。

In eighth-century Japan, people who wasteland were rewarded with official ranks as part of an effort to overcome the shortage of fields.

(A) Conserved

(B) Reclaimed

(C) Irrigated

(D) Arable

(E) Domestic

(F) Forested

Answer: B D

Conserve保存，reclaim纠正、开垦土地，irrigate灌溉，arable可开垦的，domestic家庭的、国内的、驯服的，forested树木丛生的。

翻译：在世纪的日本，开垦荒地的人被授予了官职来作为他们客服可耕地短缺的努力的一部分。