【题目】
1. Exposure to low-intensity gamma radiation slows the rate of growth of the spoilage microorganisms in food in much the same way that the low heat used in pasteurization ___ the spoilage action of the microorganisms in milk.
(A) precludes
(B) initiates
(C) inhibits
(D) isolates
(E) purifies
2. The labor union and the company’s management, despite their long history of unfailingly acerbic disagreement on nearly every issue, have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly ___ , albeit still tentative, agreement on next year’s contract.
(A) swift
(B) onerous
(C) hesitant
(D) reluctant
(E) conclusive
3. Roman historians who study the period 30 B.C. to A.D. 180 can ___ the “Augustan Peace” only by failing to recognize that this peace in many respects resembled that of death.
(A) decry
(B) applaud
(C) ridicule
(D) demand
(E) disprove
4. She writes across generational lines, making the past so ___ that our belief that the present is the true locus of experience is undermined.
(A) complex
(B) distant
(C) vivid
(D) mysterious
(E) mundane
5. Because they had expected the spacecraft Voyager 2 to be able to gather data only about the planets Jupiter and Saturn, scientists were ___ the wealth of information it sent back from Neptune 12 years after leaving Earth.
(A) anxious for
(B) confident in
(C) thrilled about
(D) keen on
(E) elated by
(F) eager for
6. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything more than a ___ solution to the company’s financial woes.
(A) complete
(B) fleeting
(C) momentary
(D) premature
(E) trivial
(F) total
7. The English novelist William Thackeray considered the cult of the criminal so dangerous that he criticized Dickens’ Oliver Twist for making the characters in the thieves’ kitchen so ___ .
(A) threatening
(B) riveting
(C) fascinating
(D) conniving
(E) fearsome
(F) irritating
8. Nature’s energy efficiency often ___ human technology: despite the intensity of the light fireflies produce, the amount of heat is negligible; only recently have humans developed chemical light-producing systems whose efficiency ___ the firefly’s system.
|
Blank (i) |
Blank (ii) |
|
A outstrips |
D stimulates |
|
B inhibits |
E rivals |
|
C determines |
F reproduce |
9. Hampshire’s assertions, far from showing that we can ___ the ancient puzzles about objectivity, reveal the issue to be even more ___ than we had thought.
|
Blank (i) |
Blank (ii) |
|
A admire |
D elusive |
|
B dismiss |
E relevant |
|
C adapt |
F unconventional |
10. Because outlaws were denied ___ under medieval law, anyone could raise a hand against them with legal ___ .
|
Blank (i) |
Blank (ii) |
|
A propriety |
D impunity |
|
B protection |
E intervention |
|
C collusion |
F collaboration |
【答案与解析】
1. Exposure to low-intensity gamma radiation slows the rate of growth of the spoilage microorganisms in food in much the same way that the low heat used in pasteurization ___ the spoilage action of the microorganisms in milk.
(A) precludes
(B) initiates
(C) inhibits
(D) isolates
(E) purifies
翻译：用伽马射线照射腐败食物和巴氏消毒法处理牛奶(的作用方式)相当类似，前者降低了导致腐败的微生物的成长速度，后者减缓了牛奶中微生物引起的变质反应。
选C
in the same way 提示我们前后两个动作是同类型的。
preclude 预防，排除;
initiate 开始，入门指导，接纳…为会员;
inhibit 禁止，限制;
isolate 使孤立、隔绝，分离、离析;
purify 净化，(宗教)洗刷…的罪恶。
词汇题。
巴氏杀菌法 [pasteurization]
医学, 生物与生物学
对物质的局部灭菌法，尤其指用加热来消灭微生物而不破坏物质的化学成分的方法，在牛奶或其他饮料杀菌时常用到这种方法。首创者是巴斯德，并以其姓氏命名。牛奶的巴氏杀菌法要求温度达到63℃(145℉)，杀菌时间在30分钟以上，或在更高温下加热，时间稍短。这一方法可以杀死任何致病微生物(主要是结核分枝杆菌)，以及能导致食物腐败的微生物。参阅食品保藏(food preservation)。
(大英袖珍百科)
2. The labor union and the company’s management, despite their long history of unfailinglyacerbic disagreement on nearly every issue, have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly ___ , albeit still tentative, agreement on next year’s contract.
(A) swift
(B) onerous
(C) hesitant
(D) reluctant
(E) conclusive
翻译：虽然工会和公司管理层素来在任何议题上都针锋相对，仍就下一年的合同达成了共识，尽管还在彼此试探，却出人意料地快。
选A
despite / nevertheless / albeit 都是最典型的让步关系指示词，句中出现了两层让步，分别是：
1) despite 一直争斗 nevertheless 达成了共识;
2) 快 albeit 试探性的。
acerbic 严厉的，尖刻的;
swift 快;
onerous 艰巨的，繁重的，(法律)承担过重义务的;
hesitant 迟疑的，踌躇的;
conclusive 决定性的，令人信服的，确凿的，终结的，结论的。
3. Roman historians who study the period 30 B.C. to A.D. 180 can ___ the “Augustan Peace” only by failing to recognize that this peace in many respects resembled that of death.
(A) decry
(B) applaud
(C) ridicule
(D) demand
(E) disprove
翻译：公元前30年到公元180年的罗马，(尽管)史称“罗马和平时期”， (但)这种所谓的和平很多时候更像是“死的寂静”，只有忽略这一点的史家才会为之称道。
选B
注意 only 提示的感情色彩，本句中的 only 意味着——任谁也不该、也不会。
by 表示方式手段。
in respect of sth. 就某方面而言，in many respect 很大程度上;
decry 公开谴责…以贬损其价值;
disprove 驳斥。
……这元首制由起初实施的二百年，被传统认为罗马和平时期。在此期间,整个帝国的凝聚力在城市生活、经济链、共同的文化、法治和宗教规范下变得越来越强大。在城市的暴动不常发生;即使发生了，它们都会被“无情而迅速地”平定;在不列巅尼亚和高卢的叛乱就是其中的例子。犹太罗马战争在公元后“一世纪”爆发，持续了六十年，最后在 “第二世纪”的上半段平息;这场是罗马惟一一场用了很长的时间和极其暴力的手段平定的一场叛乱。
4. She writes across generational lines, making the past so ___ that our belief that the present is the true locus of experience is undermined.
(A) complex
(B) distant
(C) vivid
(D) mysterious
(E) mundane
翻译：她的笔触跨越世代，能把往事写得如此栩栩如生，甚至让读者不禁怀疑当下才是真实。
选C
过于纯良的一道题，或者是摆错的四级题。做错的话值得懊恼一下。
5. Because they had expected the spacecraft Voyager 2 to be able to gather data only about the planets Jupiter and Saturn, scientists were ___ the wealth of information it sent back from Neptune 12 years after leaving Earth.
(A) anxious for
(B) confident in
(C) thrilled about
(D) keen on
(E) elated by
(F) eager for
翻译：
科学家们原来预期，旅行者2号航天器只能收集木星和土星的数据，所以当它离开地球十二年后发回大量海王星数据，科学家们都欣喜非常。
选CE
wealth of 大量，丰富;
confident 确定的，自信的，大胆狂妄的;
thrill 使人兴奋或激动;
be keen on 喜爱(人/事物)，热衷于，对…充满热情;
elate 使…高兴或骄傲。
旅行者号 [Voyager]
太空科技
美国于1977年发射的2枚无人星际探测器，其发射目的是观察太阳系的外行星。“旅行者”1号于1979年飞越木星，1980年到达土星，“旅行者”2号速度较慢，飞越木星、土星、天王星，1989年到达海王星。2枚探测器发回了各种数据及照片，揭示了这些巨大行星及其卫星与光环的细节。“旅行者”号航天器将继续飞向深空间并飞越太阳系边缘。“旅行者”2号估计可持续使用至2020年，定期发回太阳风层顶的资料。
(大英袖珍百科)
6. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything more than a ___ solution to the company’s financial woes.
(A) complete
(B) fleeting
(C) momentary
(D) premature
(E) trivial
(F) total
翻译：只有那些忽略了公司十年以上疏于管理运转低效的情况的投资者，才会认为新的注资不仅仅是一时之计。
选BC
nothing more than 仅仅，只不过;
anything more than 可以认为是 not (...) anything more than，相当于“不仅是，不仅限于…”
7. The English novelist William Thackeray considered the cult of the criminal so dangerousthat he criticized Dickens’ Oliver Twist for making the characters in the thieves’ kitchen so___ .
(A) threatening
(B) riveting
(C) fascinating
(D) conniving
(E) fearsome
(F) irritating
翻译：英国小说家WT，批评D在他的作品OT中把贼窝里的角色描写得太吸引人，因为他认为崇拜罪犯是危险的。
选BC
so ... that ... 因果关系。
cult 狂热崇拜;
thieves’ kitchen 贼窝(缺乏信源);
8. Nature’s energy efficiency often ___ human technology: despite the intensity of the lightfireflies produce, the amount of heat is negligible; only recently have humans developed chemical light-producing systems whose efficiency ___ the firefly’s system.
|
Blank (i) |
Blank (ii) |
|
A outstrips |
D stimulates |
|
B inhibits |
E rivals |
|
C determines |
F reproduce |
翻译：自然界(生物行为)的能效往往高于人类科技：萤火虫发光强度尽管(不强)，热耗却几乎可以忽略不计;直到最近，人类才研发出可以比得上萤火虫发光能效的化学照明系统。
选AE
先确定第二空，再看第一空。
9. Hampshire’s assertions, far from showing that we can ___ the ancient puzzles aboutobjectivity, reveal the issue to be even more ___ than we had thought.
|
Blank (i) |
Blank (ii) |
|
A admire |
D elusive |
|
B dismiss |
E relevant |
|
C adapt |
F unconventional |
翻译：H宣称，那些关于客观性的上古谜题比我们原来想象的更为重要，远非可以忽略的。
选BE
far from 引导了一种对比关系，两个空的选项，有一种相反或相对的意味。
10. Because outlaws were denied ___ under medieval law, anyone could raise a handagainst them with legal ___ .
