Non-causal relationship:没有因果关系，其他因素的影响

The author unfairly assumes that it is ...that resulted in ...: But we can find no concrete evidence to substantiate the inevitable relationship between ...and ... (many other factors could also lead to the result/the author should conduct controlled study to demonstrate the causal relationship ) In short, the author could not hastily conclude that ...is the only possible reason for ...before taking above factors into account.

Confusing the cause and the effect:不是A导致B，而是B导致A(少见)

In the process of reasoning the author assumes that A is the reason for B.However, the author may confuse the cause and the effect. (there is possibility that it is B that actually causes A )The author fails to rule out the possibility that (B results in A). Since the author has not adequately take this possibility into account, the assumption that ...is untenable.

Confusing concurrence with causality:同时发生不为因果

The most important problem is the underlying assumption that it is ...that resulted in ... The author only points out that the two events occurred during the same period, however, we all know that merely a coincidence of two events could not sufficiently demonstrate a causal relationship between them. (many other factors could also lead to the result/the author should conduct controlled study to demonstrate the causal relationship )Many other factors could also lead to ... which might include ... Without ruling out such factors, we could not be convinced that ...is the actual cause of ...

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc:前后发生不为因果

The author concludes that ...is responsible for ... the assumption is based on the mere fact that ...occurred after ...

however, the sequence of the two events, in itself, does not sufficiently prove that the former caused the later one.

(many other factors could also lead to the result/the author should conduct controlled study to demonstrate the causal relationship )...might has resulted from other factors, such as ...Without ruling out these possible scenarios, the author could not establish a causal relationship between ...and ...