(11) Lacking more specific in formation about …, it is impossible to assess…

lacking, in the absence of , for lack of

assess, evaluate, judge, determine

(12) The editorial fails to take into account possible differences between …

(13) While it is true that … this is not true of everyone.

(14) Unless the author can demonstrate that … the author’s concern about these issues Is unfounded.

(15) The author fails to consider and rule out other factors that might account for …

(16) The author ignores/fails to take into account (consider/explain) other likely benefits of …

(17) Unless … there is a good chance

(18) The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing an either — or choice between two courses of action that need not be mutually exclusive.

(19) Comprehensive analysis is necessary to identify the actual cause of …

(20) Therefore, any decision aimed at addressing the problem of … must be based on more thorough investigation to gather sufficient data in order to narrow down and locate the actual causes of the problem.

(21) From the survey quoted in the argument, however, we find no sign of such procedures for random sampling, and have good reason to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general attitudes of all workers as a whole.

(22) When samples are used to make general claims about a particular group, the samples should be close enough in time to the generalization they are used to support, so that historical changes will not invalidate the generalization.

(23) The problem is that the two situations are not similar enough to justify the analogical deduction.

(24) The argument rests on the gratuitous/unreasonable assumption that …

(25) The arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between … and …

(26) The arguer’s conclusion depends on the questionable assumption that …

(27) The arguer fails to provide any information concerning …

(28) The reasoning (assumption) that … is open to doubt/ doubtful/ suspicious/ unreliable/ problematic/ questionable/ unconvincing/ unfounded/ unwarranted/ groundless.

(29) Another assumption in short of legitimacy is …

(30) The arguer oversimplifies the importance of …