l Further notes on one text
He won’t let me make another film. let后面的动词不定式,不加to。
What’ll we do then? 然后我们怎么办?then是代词,本句完整的意思:What’ll we do if we spend all that money?
It’s a pleasant dream but everything depends on ‘if’. 凡是与依靠有关的介词,使用介词on。我们曾经学过的有:live on.
l Expressions
1. 间接引语:参见Lesson 32
2. 以If引导的状语从句:If可以引导一个条件状语从句,表示“如果…”。以If引导的条件句分为真实条件句,和虚拟语气(非真实条件句)两种。
(1)真实条件句:真实条件句用于询问或谈论十分可能发生的事情。
句式:主句(一般将来时) If 从句(一般现在时),注意主句中不用be going to表示将来。所谓:“主将从现”。
If it isn’t rain, we will go to park tomorrow.
情态动词用原形。
If you finish this work before seven o’clock, you can knock off.
(2)虚拟条件句:虚拟条件句指条件根本不可能发生,或发生的概率极小。
句式:
|
时间 |
从句 |
主句 |
|
过去 |
过去完成时 |
过去将来完成时 |
|
现在 |
一般过去时 |
过去将来时 |
|
将来 |
were to/过去完成时 |
过去将来时 |
谓语形式:虚拟条件句谓语形式,单三也不用was而用were。
|
时间 |
从句谓语 |
主句谓语 |
|
过去 |
过去完成时 |
过去将来完成时 |
|
had done(been) |
would(could/might) have done(been) | |
|
If I had been Kongrong |
I would have chosen big pear. | |
|
现在 |
一般过去时 |
过去将来时 |
|
did(were) |
would(could/might) do(be) | |
|
If I had a lot of money |
I would buy a mink coat for you. | |
|
将来 |
were to/过去完成时 |
过去将来时 |
|
were to/would(should) do |
would(could/might) do(be) | |
|
If the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow |
I might finish this work. |
例句:其中were to常用,而would/should与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。
现在:If I had enough money, I would buy a book.
过去:If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.
将来:If I were to (should) have enough money, I would buy a book.
(3)混合时态:在虚拟条件句中,一般来说主从句的时态是相同,但如果不相同,那么就需要用到混合时态。混合时的虚拟语气最明显的标志是时间状语。混合时态基本特点是时态倒退一格。
句式:一般来说混合时态有两种。
|
从句过去(过去完成时) |
主句现在(过去将来时) |
|
If you had phoned me, |
I would know what I do now. |
|
从句现在(were to/过去将来时) |
主句过去(过去将来完成时) |
|
If I were not to wait for you, |
I would have left here this morning |
