一
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home? The answers lie in the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of the twentieth century, canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full-time duty at the kitchen range.
Then, in the 1940s, work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home that ever before, setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Unless family members pitch in with food preparation, women are not fully liberated from that chore.
It’s easier to pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long, hard day. Also nowadays, the rising divorce rate means that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults and elderly people, as well as unmarried and divorced mature people, live alone rather than as a part of a family unit and don’t want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing because it is fast, it doesn’t require any dressing up, it offers a "fun" break in the daily routine, and the outlay of money seems small. It can be eaten in the car-sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out-or on the run. Even if it is brought home to eat, there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because of the handy disposable wrappings. Children, especially, love fast food because it’s finger food, no struggling with knives and forks, no annoying instructions from adults about table manners.
52. Americans enjoy fast food mainly because ________.
[A] it can be eaten in the car
[B] it is much more tasty than home-made food
[C] one only uses his fingers while eating it
[D] it is time-saving and convenient
53. It can be inferred that children ________.
[A] want to have freedom at table
[B] wash dishes after each meal
[C] are not good at using forks and knives while eating
[D] take eating time as a fun break
54. Many Americans are eating out and not cooking at home nowadays because ________.
[A] they want to make a change after eating the same food for years at home
[B] the food made outside home tastes better than food cooked at home
[C] many of them live alone or don’t like taking trouble to cook
[D] American women refuse to cook at home due to women’s liberation movement
55. According to the text, a drive-in window is a ________.
[A] car window from which you can see the driver
[B] window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car
[C] place where you check the mechanic condition of your car
[D] entrance where you return the used plates after eating
56. The expression "pitch in with" (Line 2, Para. 2) probably means________.
[A] complain
[B] enjoy
[C] help
[D] deny
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said. With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Bands, utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.
A "sanitized" description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn’t reveal the name or information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI’s computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an investigation. Cyber crime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI’s Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack." FBI agents investigate computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. com, CNN and Yahoo!
several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter’s board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files. "I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said, "the Net is a wonderful place, but it’s also a dangerous one."
57. From the first paragraph, we know ________.
[A] InfraGard is a protective measure against cyber crime
[B] InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration
[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states
[D] private business and the government are now committing cyber crime
58. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT ________.
[A] academic communities
[B] public agencies
[C] FBI
[D] private industry
59. By saying "too many corporations...speed and accessibility" (Lines 3～4, Para. 3), the author means ________.
[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers
[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility
[C] it’s very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility
[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security
60. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT ________.
[A] victims won’t report intrusions by hackers
[B] victims have no firewalls
[C] the use of modem is increasing
[D] companies don’t pay enough attention to security
61. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
[A] not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation
[B] information of the victims is inaccessible
[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September
[D] Amazon.com was often disrupted by hacking
Section B
Passage One
52. D 细节题。由文章第三段第四句提到的fast food is appealing because it is fast, it doesn’t require any dressing up...可知，D正确。
53.C 推断题。文章第三段最后一句提到no struggling with knives and forks，由struggling一词可推断，孩子们不擅长使用刀叉吃饭，所以C正确。
54. C 推断题。文章第三段提到，现在很多人都独自居住，他们不愿意为自己一个人烹制食物，所以C正确。由于题目问的是nowadays的情况，所以可排除强干扰项D。
55. B 推断题。文章第三段倒数第三句提到sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out, 由句中的without even getting out 可以推断，drive-in window 是免下窗口，即司机可以不用下车就能拿到食物，所以B正确。
56. 语义题。文章第二段第二句意为“只要家庭成员不准备食物，妇女们就无法完全从家务杂事中解放出来。”由此推断，pitch in with应意为“帮助”，故选C。
Passage Two
58. C 细节题。由文章第一段第三句With advice from the FBI可知，FBI只是充当顾问，并无经营权，故选C。
59. D 语义题。被考查句原意为“很多公司为了保证网强的速度和可接入性而不顾及网络安全，这让网络犯罪变得非常容易。”言外之意是很多公司更重视网络速度和可接入性，从而遭到了电脑黑客的攻击，所以D正确。
60. B 推断题。虽然文章提到了firewall(防火墙)，但并没有说公司不使用防火墙是网络犯罪率升高的原因，故选B。而文章第三段第三句(A项)，第二段倒数第二句(C项)和第三段第四句(D项)则分别说明了网络犯罪率上升的原因。
61. A 推断题。文章第二段第二句指出，黑客攻击的详情会被送到FBI的电脑犯罪科，以确定是否需要对其深究，由此推断，并不是所有的黑客攻击都值得调查，所以A正确
二
No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on lunar months. When people started farming, the sages of the tribes became very important, they studied the sky and gathered enough information to be able to predict when the seasons would change, and were able to announce when it was time to plant crops.
The divisions of time we use today were developed in ancient Babylonia 4,000 years ago.Babylonian astronomers believed the sun moved around the Earth every 365 days.They divided the trip into 12 equal parts, each with 30 days. Then they divided each day into 24 equal parts, or hours, and divided each hour into 60 minutes, each minute into 60 seconds.
Humans have used many devices to measure time; the sundial (日晷) was one of the earliest and simplest. However, the sundial worked well only when the weather was fine, so other ways of measuring the passing of time were invented. One device was the hourglass(沙漏). By the eighteenth century, people had developed mechanical clocks and watches. So we have devices to mark the passing of time, but what time is it now? Clocks in different parts of the world do not show the same time at the same time, because time on Earth is set by the sun’s positions in the sky above us. As international communications and travel grew, it became clear that a way to establish a common time for all parts of the world was needed. In 1884, an international conference divided the world into 24 time zones, each zone represents one hour. The astronomical observatory in Greenwich, England, was chosen as the starting point for the time zones. Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east. The time at Greenwich measured by the sun is considered by astronomers to be Universal Time, also known as Greenwich Mean Time.
57. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A) The Development of Universal Time.
B) Different Ways to Measure Time.
C) Why We Measure Time the Way We do.
D) How the Calendar Came into being.
58. What does the example of Babylonia astronomers reveal?
A) It reveals Babylonians’wisdom that was absent elsewhere.
B) It reveals the origin of our time measurements.
C) It reveals the limits of sometime measurements.
D) It reveals the stability of time measurements.
59. The author mentions all of the following ways to measure time EXCEPT .
A) sundial B) hourglass C) electric clock D) mechanical clock
60. According to the passage, Greenwich Mean Time .
A) provides a common time for all parts of the world
B) is calculated from the sun
C) is the 12th of the 24 time zones
D) was named after an international conference
61. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
A) Time measurements have changed in response to need and technological development.
B) In ancient Babylonia, 12 was the basic division of time.
C) The first calendar was developed because the sages of tribes were intelligent.
D) Universal Time is so named because it is applicable throughout the universe.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
For many years, scientists couldn’t figure out how atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living things. Plants, fish, dinosaurs, and people are made of atoms and molecules, but they are put together in a more complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What’s more, living things have energy and can reproduce, while the chemicals on the Earth 4 billion years ago were lifeless.
After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. How could such complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stumped.
Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth. They set up some tubes and bottles in a closed loop, and put in some of the same gases that were present in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago: water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen.
Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more sparks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it. When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids—the very kind of molecules found in all living things.
62. When did scientists come to realize how the atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living thing?
A) 4 billion years ago. B) In 1953.
C) After seven days. D) Many years later.
63. Scientists figured out that human bodies are basically made of .
A) amino acids
B) molecules
C) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms
D) water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen
64. Harold Urey and Stanley L.Miller did their experiment in order to .
A) find out what had happened on the Earth 4 billion years ago
B) simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth
C) dissolve some new chemicals
D) analyze a liquid
65. At the end of the last paragraph, the word “it” refers to .
A) a closed loop B) an electric spark C) water D) the liquid
Passage One
57. C 主旨题本文共三段。第一段讲日历起源之因;第二段讲作为现代时间概念的基础，古巴比伦如何划分年月日时分秒;第三段提及先后出现的测量时间的各种工具，并讲述“世界时”如何顺应时代发展而产生。A)，B)和D)项都只概括了本文的部分内容，只有C)项是对全文的总结。
58. B 综合判断题C)项在文章中没有提及,D)项不正确。本文的主题是计时方式的发展，并未强调某个民族智慧过人，A)项也不正确。
59. C 细节题根据题干可定位于第三段前半部分，答案是C。
60. B 细节题解题依据是“The time at Greenwich measured by the sun is…”。不过考生不一定留意了这个后置定语。相反，受“Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east.”的影响，可能会误选C)项。其实，这里是24个时区的“the starting point”,也就是第一个时区。
61. A 综合判断题C)项提到的日历出现就是其中一个例证，第三段还提到sundial, hourglass, mechanical clocks and watches和Greenwich Mean Time的出现，这都是随着人类社会发展的需要出现的。C)项错在将日历出现归因于一小部分人的高智商，真正的原因其实是“When people started farming…”。此外，Universal Time并非全宇宙通用，它只适用于全球24个时区，故D)项也不正确。
Passage Two
62. B 细节题从文中第三段可知：“Then, in 1953, two scientists…did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth.”这说明从1953年起，人类才开始弄明白地球上的生物是怎样由原子和分子结合而产生的。因此B)是正确选项。
63. A 细节题答案从第二段开头可直接找到：“…， scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases.”
64. A 细节题答案第三段中直接给出：“…， Harold. Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth.” 紧接着作者又指出是在“…4 billion years ago…”。
65. D 语义辨析题见原文最后一句话：“When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained…”。“当米勒和尤里对液体进行分析时，他们发现它包含有……”。很明显it指的就是从句里的liquid。
三
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture?one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
57. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
[A]All international managers can learn culture.
[B]Business diversity is not necessary.
[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.
58. According to the author, the model of Pepsi.
[A]is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.
[B]is different from the model of McDonald’s
[C]shows the reverse of globalization
[D]has converged cultural differences
59. The two schools of thought.
[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
[B]both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
[D]Both A and B
60. This article is supposed to be most useful for those.
[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture
[C]who want to travel abroad
[D]who want to run business on International Scale
61. According to Fortune, successful international companies.
[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
[B]all have the quality of patience
[C]will follow the overseas local cultures
[D]adopt the policy of internationalization
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.
By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.
On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close?ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.
Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”
The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.
62.The passage is mainly concerned with .
[A]the different tastes of people for sports [B]the different characteristics of sports
[C]the attraction of football [D]the attraction of baseball
63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that.
[A]it is only to the taste of the old [B]it involves fewer players than football
[C]it is not exciting enough [D]it is pretentious and looks funny
64.The author admits that.
[A]baseball is too peaceful for the young [B]baseball may seem boring when watched on TV
[C]football is more attracting than baseball [D]baseball is more interesting than football
65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence).
[A]The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game
[B]Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result
[C]The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well
[D]The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it
66.We can safely conclude that the author.
[A]likes football [B]hates football [C]hates baseball [D]likes baseball
57.【解析】[C]推断题。意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。 文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。
58.【解析】[A]细节题。意为“……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。 Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。
59.【解析】[C]推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，应该对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。
60.【解析】[D]主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。
61.【解析】[B]细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。
62.【解析】[D]主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见——认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。 A不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。
63.【解析】[C]细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生——没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。A意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。 D意为：“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。”这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。
64.【解析】[B]推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入(project)到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV won’t do it for you)，因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。
65.【解析】[B]推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，做好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。
66.【解析】[D]推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。
