Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life’s essentials. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.
But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures are available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33 percent—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million — according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.
For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. "Going without breakfast does not affect performance," said Arnold E.Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, "nor does giving people breakfast improve performance."
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults. "The literature," says one researcher, Dr. Ernesto Pollitt at the University of Texas, "is poor."
1. Putting gasoline in the car is mentioned in paragraph one to .
A) indicate that without gasoline, a car cannot be started
B) reveal that with gasoline, a family can have a good trip
C) illustrate that people need to have breakfast
D) prove cars are resources-exhausting machine
2. For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that .
A) several studies have been done in the past few years
B) the omission of breakfast does no harm to one’s health
C) adults have especially made studies in this field
D) eating little in the morning is good for health
3. According to Arnold E. Bender, .
A) having breakfast is good for performance
B) not giving people breakfast is not good for performance
C) having breakfast is not good for performance
D) having or not having breakfast is not related to your performance
4. The word "literature" in the last sentence refers to .
A) stories, poems, plays, etc. C) any printed material
B) written works on a particular subject D) the modern literature of America
5. The author implies in the passage that .
A) breakfast does not affect performance
B) Dr. Pollitt is engaged in research work at an institution of higher learning
C) Not eating breakfast might affect the health of children
D) Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London
译文
一代代美国人成长过程中都被灌输一种观念：早餐是生活必不可少的一部分。我们一次次听到这样的说法：早上吃早餐就像开车旅行前给车加油一样必不可少。
但是，对很多人来说，起床后想到吃早餐并不令人愉快，因此，即使人们做了很多努力，他们还是不吃早餐。2001年到2007年所获得的最新资料表明：不吃早餐的人数从八百八十万增加到一千一百七十万，增加额达到白分之三十三。
然而，对那些因不吃早餐而感到不安的人来说有一个好消息：过去几年的几项研究表明略去早餐尤其对成年人来说并不会有什么问题。伦敦伊丽莎白大学的营养学教授Arnold E.Bender说：不吃早餐去工作不影响表现，吃早餐也不回使人们表现更好。
把早餐和良好表现联系起来的科学根据还很不足，大多最新的研究成果涉及到的是儿童而非成人。德克萨斯大学的学者Ernesto Pollitt博士说：文献很很不完善。
参考答案：Passage 2. C B D B C
