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Macroeconomics 宏观经济学
The study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth
Marginal changes 边际变动
Small incremental adjustments to a plan of action
Marginal cost 边际成本
The increase in total cost that arises from an extra unit of production
Marginal product 边际产量
The increase in output that arises from an additional unit of input
Marginal product of labor 劳动的边际产量
The increase in the amount of output from an additional unit of labor
Marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率
The rate at which a consumer is willing to trade one good for another
Marginal revenue 边际收益
The change in total revenue from an additional unit sold
Marginal tax rate 边际税率
The extra taxes paid on an additional dollar of income
Market 市场
A group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service
Market economy 市场经济
An economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services
Market failure 市场失灵
A situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently
Market for loanable funds 可贷资金市场
The market in which those who want to save supply funds and those who want to borrow to invest demand funds
Market power 市场力量
The ability of a single economic factor (or small group of factors) to have a substantial influence on market prices
Medium of exchange 交换媒介
An item that buyers give to sellers when they want to purchase goods and services
Menu costs 菜单成本
The costs of changing prices
Microeconomics 微观经济学
The study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets