l Further notes on one text
How do you spell this word?你怎么拼写这个单词?还可以说
How to spell this word? 怎么拼写这个单词
I want her. 这是缩写,等于I want to speak to her 我想和他说话. 或 I want to see her. 我想见他。
You’ve typed it with only one ‘L’. 你只打了一个L,注意with和only的用法。
This little is full of mistake. I’m sorry about that. 注意短语be full of 充满了…;be sorry about 对…感动歉意。
Here is a little present for you. 这是一个倒装句式。
Please repair it. 注意,祈使句是对第二人称说的,因此改成带有动词不定式的陈述句用第二人称作宾语:
I want you repair it.
l Expressions
1. 动词不定式做宾语或宾补:
所谓动词不定式,就是to 动词原型的一种结构。动词不定除了谓语,可以做句子中的任何成份。本课中讲述的是动词不定式做宾语或宾补。
I want to go home. 我想回家 V to do sth
I want him to go home. 我想让他回家。V sb to do sth
注意,如果to的后面是名词/代词/动名词,那么to是一个介词。
动词不定式的否定形式在to的前面加not,但是句子中如果有want的话,可以在want前面加以否定。
She is telling him not to hurt himself. 她正告诉他不要伤害他自己。
She doesn’t want him to hurt himself. 他不想让他伤害他自己。
2. 介词to的用法
1. 做动词不定式的小品词:
I want him to help you. 我想让他帮助你。
2. 不及物动词常用to连接
3. 连接双宾语的简单句
4. 当所有格使用
the way to the school 去学校的路
the key to the front 前面的钥匙
the bar next door to the station 车站旁边的酒吧。
5. to表示到、去、向、到达
Two return tickets to London. (95)
He’s been to nearly every country in the world. (93)
6. 在时间上,表示差
at a quarter to seven 6:45
3. 形容词的比较级或最高级
概念:只有形容词和副词才有比较级才最高级。形容词常用than来比较;是最高级常跟一个介词短语做范围。
句式:注意比较级用than,最高级有the,并用介词短语做状语。
Zhu River is long. 珠江很长。
Yellow River is longer than Zhu River. 黄河比珠江更长。
l Yangtze River is the longest in China. 长江在中国是最长的。
变化规则:
单音节变化:比较级加-er,读[E],最高级加-est,读[ist]
1. 直接加er和est.
tall – taller – tallest high – higher – highest
2. 以e结尾的,直接加r和st。
nice – nicer – nicest wide – wider – widest
3. 辅音加y,把y变i
lucky – luckier – luckiest busy – busier – busiest
4. 辅元辅时,双写尾字母
big – bigger – biggest fat – fatter – fattest
不规则变化
good/well – better – best
bad – worse – worst
many/much – more – most
little – less – least
far – farther – farthest
双音节或多音节变化
1. 辅音加y结尾的双音节的单词;以e结尾的双音节的单词,变化与单音节变化一样:
pretty – prettier – prettiest able – abler – ablest
2. 少数以-y,-er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,变化与单音节相同。
narrow – narrower– narrowest
clever – cleverer – cleverest
simple – simpler – simplest
common – commoner – commonest
3. 加more和most
difficult – more difficult – most difficult
delicious – more delicious – most delicious
4. 还有一些单音节单词也用more、most变化
pleased tired glad
5. 不是所有的词都有比较级或最好级,比如表示判断的形容词:
right adj.正确的;wrong adj.错误的
常用短语:注意,这些句子都是形容词短语,当然要有系动词。
1. 用than prep.与…比较
She is taller than her sister.
This book is easier than the other ones. (注意不定冠词的使用)
2. 介词短语做状语或状语从句做范围,使用最高级,注意the
Russian land is the largest in the world.
Beijing is the most beautiful that I’ve been to the city. 北京是我去过的城市之中最美丽的。
3. 状语省略的情况
The weather is warmer today. 今天的天气暖和了一些。(比昨天)
Are you feeling better? 你现在感觉好了一些了么。
You are the best neighbor. 你是最好的邻居。
4. 比较级前面的状语修饰
This car is a bit more expensive. 这辆车有一点贵。
You are an inch taller than Tom. 你比汤姆高一寸。
5. [not] as... as 平级比较,像…一样,基本句式为:as 形容词或副词原级 as-分句
Mary is as tall as Alice. 玛丽与爱丽斯个子一般高。
另一个句式为:as many/much 名词 as-分句。
We have as much snow this year as last year. 我们这里今年下的雪和去年一样多。
6. more than /less than 比…多;比…少。注意这种句子,more起比较级的作用,如果有形容词或副词,则用原级。
I’ve got more coffee than you have. 我的咖啡比你多
I’ve got less coffee than you have. 我的咖啡比你少。