Data and Compare
1. Data and Compare的报告目的在于compare, 会呈现一部分数据，但是都是以对比为目的。
2. 此类报告的写作重点为：split，difference, ratio, proportion等。常常需要用到表示对比的语言：
3. 对比的数据包括：不同产品/商店/公司盈利能力，年度表现环比、进出口量、产量等环比等。
1. 年度表现对比：包括不同指标(营业额等)对比，与年度环比
i. 公司年度表现 Report On Performance of XX Company
This report describes the performance of XX company over the period 2001-2003 by analyzing the turnover, unit sales and operating profit.
From the graph we can see there was a consecutive decrease in operating profit over the period studied. Starting off at 500 million in 2001, it plummeted by 20% to 400 in the following year, and then kept declining to around 350 million in 2003.
The turnover, on the other hand, remained relatively stable between 6100-6200 million during the same period. From 6200 million, it decreased slightly to 6100 in 2002, and recovered to 6200 again in 2003.
The unit sales showed a similar trend as turnover in the three years. In 2001, 10 million units were sold while in the following year, this number went down slightly to around 8.5. To our delight, it soared to a record high of 11 million in 2003,
From these figures we can see, there was a buoyant demand for the company’s product from 2001 to 2003. However, the operating profit failed to grow consistently. Therefore, I recommend the company cut down on its costs to improve the profitability.
NOTE: 可逐年写，也可逐指标写。
ii. 公司股票与现金收益 bar line : Main task; describe changes
按年份写：
Report On Stock and Earnings of XX Plc
This graph describes the changes in the stock value and earnings of XX plc. over the year 2009 to 2010.
2009
Taking the stock first, we can see there was a steady rise from 55million to 80million during the year 2009 with the largest increase coming between the 2nd and the 3rd quarter./总趋势，最大增幅区间/ Over the same period, the earnings of the company fluctuated greatly. Starting around 20 million in the first quarter, they rocketed to 90 million in the third quarter followed by a sharp fall to the starting level at the end of the year. /总趋势，细述/
2010
The stock performed very steadily in 2010, staying around 80 million throughout the year. The total profits were slightly higher than that of 2009. However, the quarterly profits showed a much steadier trend, remaining stable around 40 million within the whole period. /总趋势/对比总趋势/
The trend of stock and earnings shows that the company was running well during the given period.
按指标写：年度对比性较强。
The graph shows the trend of the stock and earnings of an European company for each quarter of the two year period, 2009 to 2010.
Earnings:
In 2009, the company had a low start with a earning of just 20 million in the first quarter. However, the figure rose steadily in the second quarter and shot up to a two-year peak at 90 million in the third. In the fourth quarter, it fell back again to its starting level. By comparison, the company achieved a slightly higher total profit in 2010 with the quarterly earnings staying stable between 40 and 50 million throughout the year.
Stock
The stock followed a similar trend to earnings. Starting at around 55million in the first quarter in 2009, the figure rose steadily, peaking at around 85 million at the end of the year. Then it dropped slightly to around 80 million at the beginning of 2010, and maintained this position for the rest the period.
The trend of stock and earnings indicated that the company is running well over the given period.
iii. 年度收益 Report on earnings of PLC during 2009 to 2010
This chart shows the general changes in the earnings of XX plc over the years 2009 to 2010.
From the graph we can see the company did not have a very good start in 2009, with a earning of only 35 million dollars for the first quarter. Although the profits rose to a peak at 40 million dollars in the second quarter, they dropped back to the starting level again after two consecutive declining quarters.
By comparison, 2010 was a fantastic year with both much higher quarterly earnings and constant profit growth throughout the year. In the first quarter, the company achieved a profit of 40 million dollars, rising 11% year on year. Then the figure rose steadily in the following quarters, reaching a record of 60 million dollars at the end of the year.
From the changes of earnings of the two years, we can see the company is advancing during the given period.
iv. 销售量所占比例环比
Report on changes in percentage of sales made by retailers in Britain
This report summarizes the changes in percentage of sales made by retailers in Britain between 1996 and 2001 by analyzing the data of a typical week.
The week in 1996.
From the graph we can see there was a steady rise in the daily sales of retailers from Monday to Friday, with the percentages growing from around 8% to a peak at 25%. Then the percentage declined slightly on Saturday before plummeting to a low below 5% at the end of the week.
The week in 2001
The percentage in 2001 showed a similar trend, although at a level 1% to 3% lower compared to 1996. However, Monday and Sunday were exceptions to this general trend, with the percentages exceeding that of 1996 by about 3% in the two days.
From the data we can conclude that the percentage of sales made by retailers did not fluctuate much between 1996 and 2001.
2. 不同产品/公司的销售额/盈利能力对比
i. Line chart: 对比两个公司的年度表现;要求既有公司对比又有年份对比。
写作重点：对比利润。 趋势，呈现，对比
Report On Profits of two sea subsidiaries in 2008 and 2010
The line charts shows the trends of profits of two sea food subsidiaries in Europe and Australia in 2008 and 2010.
2008
The Australian subsidiary did not have a very good start in 2008 with the first-quarter profit being slightly above 30 million. Although the figure rose gradually to around 38 million in the 2nd quarter, it declined steadily to the starting level in the two subsequent quarters. Over the same period, the European subsidiary performed much better, with the profits staying stable above 45 million throughout the year. /trend, 起点，最高点，终点 // 对比，trend/
2010 2010年是难点，既要横向对比，又要按时间纵向对比
The profits of Australian subsidiary in 2010 was similar to that of 2008, but fluctuated greatly. The first two quarters were quite unfruitful, with the quarterly profits standing at only 20 million. However, in the third quarter, they rocketed to a record around 85 million before falling back to 20 million again in the fourth quarter. By contrast, the profits of European subsidiary did not vary much. They showed the same performance as that of 2009, but at level 15 billion lower. /对比trend，起点，最高点，终点// 横向对比趋势，纵向对比数量/
In conclusion, the European subsidiary is a little vibrating while the Australian more stable.
vibrate [vi·brate || vaɪ’breɪt] v. 振动, 激动, 颤动; 使颤动, 使摆动, 使振动
NOTE:
1.应尽量再简洁一些。
2. it experienced a rise in the second, then a decline to about 33 at the end of the year,[描写浮动的句子]
ii. bar chart三种不同产品两年来营业额对比
i. Report On Performance of Product A. B, C during 2009 to 2010
2009
Of the three products, A, B, and C, earnings of A had a steady growth in the first three quarters and a sharp rise to 60 million in the fourth quarter. Product B, on the other hand, achieved a similar total profit but performed much more steadily with the quarterly earnings ranging from 30 million to 35 million. By comparison, product C was the most profitable with the earning staying above 40million throughout the four quarters.
2010
In 2010, product A had an excellent start but the profits fell gradually for the rest of the year. Over the same period, earnings of product B fluctuated greatly. They plummeted to 10 billion in the second quarter, recovered to 30 million in the third quarter, but dropped back to 20 billion at the end of the year. Profits of Product C still showed a very steady trend this year, but at level 20 billion lower than 2009.
To conclude, yearly profit of product A increased over the given period while profits from product B and C decreased greatly.
iii. bar chart 三个outlets营业额对比
重点;在于数据的比较。要对比营业额最高的店和最低的店。同时简单描述数据的大趋势，但不作为重点。
Report on turnover for three types of outlets of XX company.
The graphs shows the turnover for three types of outlets of XX company over a three-year period from 2000 to 2002.
The supermarkets was in a position of unrivaled dominance in terms of both turnover and growth. Starting off at around 65 million in 2000, the turnover was increasing consecutively in the following two years, and peaked at 80 million in 2002, which was also the a sales record of all the three types.
The small shops, however, proved the most unprofitable over the same period. From 30 million, its turnover dropped significantly to 20 million in 2001 and rebounded a bit to 25 million in 2002.
The turnover of department stores took the middle place of the three. Remaining relatively satisfactory at 50 million in 2001, it witnessed a sharp fall to 35 million in 2001 and maintained this position throughout 2002.
To conclude, it is clear that the supermarkets is the most profitable outlet of XX company during the period studied.
iv. bar chart 三个不同产品销售额所占比例对比
重点：compare the contributions of the three products to turnover in the three years.
分析：可按年份写，也可以按产品写。
Report On the Contributions of Three Products of XX Company
This report sets out to compare the contributions of the three products---washing machine, cookers and heaters of XX company over the years 2000 to 2002.
Washing machines
Wash machines, the most profitable product of the three, contributed 30% to the company’s turnover in 2000. The percentage rose constantly in the following two years, peaking at 34% in 2002.
Cookers
Turnover from cookers took the second place throughout the three years. The percentage contributed by cookers remained relatively stable at 22% over the given period except a slight fall to 20% in 2001.
Heaters
In contrast to washing machines, heaters contributed least. It was also the only product area whose turnover was on consecutive decline over the period in question. In 2000, the turnover from heaters only accounted 16% of the company’s total revenue. The figure declined slightly to 14% in 2001 but plummeted by 50% in 2002 to around 7%.
To conclude, the washing machines are the strongest product of XX company and heaters the weakest.
NOTE: 可以适当加强对比性，整体来说不错。
Band 5 Sample
The chart shows how much of the turnover of a certain company was contributed by each of its three main product areas over the years 2000 to 2002.
Generally speaking, washing machines are the strongest and heaters the weakest of the three products. This basic difference between the two became even more pronounced in this three year period with the contribution of washing machines to the company’s turnover rising from 30% in 2000 to 24% in 2002, while the share which the heaters contributed dropped from sixteen percent in 2000 to seven percent in 2002. The contribution of the third product—cookers—remained relatively steady during this period. It dropped slightly from 22% to 20% in 2001, but recovered again in 2002.
V.三个产品盈利能力对比
Report On Changes in Profit or loss made on three new products
This report outlines the changes that occurred in the profit or loss made on the products A,B and C over a ten-month period from Feb, 2000 and the end of the year.
Profits from Product A grew steadily to around 7500 from Feb to Aug. Then they declined slightly to 7000 in Oct and plummeted to 3000 at the end of the year.
The profits of product B rose consecutively, peaking at 6000 at the end of the period. The largest increase came between Jun and Aug, where the profits doubled from 2000 to 4000.
In contrast, Product C did not generate any profit over the same period with the profits staying relatively stable at 0 on the whole. Although it achieved a profit of 1000 during Jun and Aug, the earning was offset quickly by an equivalent loss in the next two months.
Consequently, we can conclude that the product B was the most stable product whereas the product C is the weakest.
vi. Bar char Pie chart 三个工厂季度盈利及员工分布对比
注意大趋势的描写。重点在于盈利情况的比较/季度、增幅、总利润等。
题目要求：trends of profit and number of employees in each factory.
难点：两个图表如何结合起来写。
Band 5 sample
This report outlines the development of profits in three plants, in London, Leeds and Bristol, in 2003 and describes the staffing situation in each plant.
Bristol, the company’s largest factory①, employed 600 people and reached profits of 12 million in the first quarter of 2003. The profits declined steadily, dropping to 9 million in the last quarter②.
The factory in Leeds had a workforce of 350 people. This made it the company’s second largest plant. Profits remained almost unchanged at 8 million. In the third quarter, however, they reached a low at 7.5 million.
The London factory’s workforce comprised 150 people. Profits did not vary much and remained just over 3 million. Nevertheless, they peaked in the second quarter with earning exceeding 4 million level③. 突破4百万大关
Words:
Plant
staffing situation
reach profits of XX
reach a low at…
with a workforce of XX people, the workforce comprised XX people.
NOTE:
注意语言的简洁明了和表达的多样性。
使用简短明了的语法结构，如同位语见①，分词结构②，或独立主格结构③，少使用长句或从句。
注意profit的单复数，在表示变化时，eg profits did not vary much. 指的是4个季度的profit所以要用复数，后面用they代之。
vii. Line Chart：两个产品销量对比，则可以按照split的变化为线索写。
Report On Average Sales of Summer and Winter Clothing
The report compares the average sales volumes of clothing in summer and winter.
2. From the chart we can see average sales volumes of both the two seasons experienced sharp rise and fall over the five-year period. However, the split between the two varied a lot in different periods. /总起句，大趋势，点出split/
Sales volume of summer clothing started at around 30,000 in 2005, 15,000 lower than that of winner clothing. /起点/ However, the split narrowed gradually during 2005 to 2006 until the two figures overlapped at 35,000. /分区1-重合点/
By the beginning of 2006, the sales volume of summer clothing reached a peak at 40,000 pieces, outnumbering the winner’s by more than 15,000./分区2—最高点，最低点/
Then the sales volumes of the two went increasingly closer before overlapping again at 35,000 in the first half of 2007 /分区3—重合点2/.
For the rest of the period, sales volumes of both of the two seasons stayed stable between 30 and 35, with the winter clothing exceeding the summer all the time by a steadily rising margin. /分区4 level off/
In conclusion, the clothing sales of the two seasons fluctuated greatly during 2005 to 2006, but showed a tendency to stabilize after 2007. /总结句，呼应开头，总结总趋势/
NOTE: 注意对比数据的句子：
(1)使用同位语结构：XXX started at around XX , XX lower/higher/more than …
(2)使用分词结构：the xx reached a peak at , outnumbering/exceeding the XX byXX.
(3)独立主格结构：The XX stayed stable between xx and xx, with A exceeding B all the time by a steadily rising margin.
(4)表示差距：split, difference, margin, gap
(5)差距增大/缩小：narrow, ever-enlarging(不段扩大), decrease, increase.
本文结构：总—分—总; 总起句，按split变化划分分区，总结
2. 如果题目要求summarize changes就比较简单，分别呈现各自数据，稍加对比即可。
Of the sales of clothing in two seasons, the summer clothing had a rise and went down slowly while the winter one had a sharp decline and then rose gradually. 开篇的点题句，对比和总结了两个季节服饰的典型趋势。继而分开叙述。
Summer clothing
Starting at around 30,000 pieces at the beginning of 2005, sales volume of summer clothing went up steadily throughout the year, peaking at 40,000 pieces in 2006. Then the figure started to decline consecutively, dropping back to its starting level at 30,000 in 2010.
Winner clothing
Winner clothing achieved an excellent sales volumes of 45,000 pieces at the beginning of 2005. However, the figure slid sharply then, reaching the lowest at around 23,000 in 2006. Then it rebounded and rose to 30,000 during the first half of 2007 and maintained this upward trend for the rest of the period.
In conclusion…. 这样写层次比较清楚，也比较容易，但是对比感不强。
