社会类

竞争和合作

Competition is a way of life in today’s world. The capitalist society encourages competition. Individuals and companies alike, for the sake of survival in competition, must continue to improve their services and products, and as a result, the entire society prospers, at least economically.

竞争好处(电脑更先进，通讯更发达，价格更低)---in business

In the past decade, we have seen computers shrinking in size, increasing in power, and declining in price. We have also seen a rapid expansion of telecommunications networking at a reducing price. All of these good things happen only because of competition.

如美国邮政制度的改进

Take Philadelphia for example, in 1847, With a population of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express business developed, and thrived, and actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail.

在其他方面(体育、教育、zz)

The Olympic Games is a form of competition (players continuingly break up records to challenge human limits，there is only one tallest podium for the gold medal and two shorter ones for the silver and bronze.)挑战人类极限, and so are college or university entrance examinations 促进学习and presidential elections.民主社会

恶性竞争带来的负面影响

The cost of competition is very high. Competition in the form of arms race among powers is a waste of limited resources that we have on this planet, and will bring massive destruction to humankind.军备竞赛

Competition is to separate winners from losers. 无法达到win-win situation(双赢) On the other hand, cooperation is the only driving force that will make every participant a winner.

合作的好处(篮球，建筑)

In this super-modern world, tasks are more complex and there are more specialists:

In an orchestra, in the workplace, in the creation of a film, on many jobs, we know that we have to work in teams.

There is another side to relationships called cooperation. Call it family, call it friendship, call it mutual support. We get together in groups to do those things that are larger than one person. We design airplanes, build roads and play basketball in teams.

过度合作和坏处 (垄断)

Cooperation in the form of monopoly or price-fixing is illegal in the capitalist world as it kills the spirit of competition. American people do not allow their governments to operate any business as they believe that the government-run business will be ineffective due to lack of competition.